考研翻译真题详解

考研英语翻译真题详解练习

1/74解题基本步骤一、拆分二、翻译三、组合2/741．基本标准：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。

2．连词：如and,or,but,yet等并列连词连接着并列句；尚有连接状语从句连接词，如：when,as,since,until,before,after,where,because,since,thought,although,sothat......3/74关系词：如连接名词性从句who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever等关系代词和when,where,how,why等关系副词；尚有连接定语从句关系代词，如who,which,that,whom,whose4/74介词：如on,in,with,at,of,to等介词经常引导介词短语作修饰语，因此它们也是理解英语句子拆分点。

分词：V-ed和V-ing能够组成份词短语作修饰语，因此能够是拆分点。

标点符号：标点符号经常断开句子主干和修饰部分，也是一种显著拆分点。5/74名词性从句宾语从句（一）用that,what,how,when,which,why,whether,if等引发宾语从句，翻译成汉语时候，一般直译。Itoldhimthatbecauseofthelastcondition,I’dhavetoturnitdown.我告诉他，由于那最后一种条件，我只好谢绝。6/74Idon’tknowhowheswamacrosstheriver.我不懂得他是怎么游过那条河。Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我提议。7/74（二）用it作形式宾语句子，that所引导宾语从句一般直译；it一般能够不用翻译。Ihearditsaidthathehadgoneabroad.据说他已经出国了。Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideworld.我们以为绝对必要打开国门，实行开放。8/74插入构造一、副词插入语二、形容词短语作插入语三、介词短语作插入语四、不定式短语作插入构造五、whatwecall句型作插入构造9/74一、副词插入语：直译，一般放在句首Apparently,itisgoingtorain.很显著，要下雨了。

10/74Hewaslucky,however,becausehewasonlyslightlywounded.然而，他很幸运，由于他只是受了点轻伤。Heisyoung.Hehasmuchexperienceinbusiness,though.他很年轻，不过他有丰富商业经验。11/74二、形容词短语作插入语：一般翻译为“…是，…”这样构造。Mostimportantofall,computerscreatewidecommunicationaroundtheworld.最主要是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛交流。

12/74Strangeenough,hedoesn’tknowthatfamouswriter.奇怪是，他竟然不懂得那位著名作家。Isleptlateyesterdaymorning;worsestill,mybikewasoutoforder.昨天早上我起晚了。更糟糕是，我自行车坏了。13/74三、介词短语作插入语：一般放到句首China,infact,hasreachedandsurpassedtheworldadvancedlevelsinmanyrespects.事实上，中国已经在许多方面达成和超出了世界先进水平。14/74常见用作插入语介词短语allinall（综上所述）asamatteroffact（事实上）asaresult（成果）atworst（在最坏情况下）bytheway（顺便说一句）firstofall（首先）forexample（例如）inconclusion（总之，最后）15/74infact（事实上）ineffect（事实上）inotherwords（换句话说，换言之）inshort（简言之）toone’srelief（使某人感到欣慰是）toone’ssurprise（使某人感到吃惊是）16/74四、不定式短语作插入构造：放到句首Itwasn’taverygooddinner,tosaytheleastofit.最少能够这样说，这次宴会并不成功。Shewrote,tobeexact,tennovelsinherlifetime.确切地说，她一生写了十部小说。

17/74五、whatwecall句型作插入构造一般翻译为“所谓…”，能够按照英语原文次序直接翻译。Heiswhatwecallawalkingdictionary.他就是所谓活字典。18/74类似句型尚有：whatiscalled,whattheydescribedas,whattheyregardedas,aswecallit,asweknowitMostofwhattheyregardedasgeniusesaresuccessfulonlybecausetheyhavemadeextraordinaryeffort.大部分所谓天才是由于付出了不凡努力才取得成功。19/742023年Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.拆分点：一、状语(动词分词thussubjecting)二、定于从句(inwhichtheylive)三、后置定语(tomodifytheenvironment)四、插入语(furthermore)20/74拆分：Humanshavetheability2)Furthermore;tomodifytheenvironment(ability);thus…..fancies.3)Inwhichtheylivein(environment)21/74单词详解：Furthermore/moreover/inaddition/additionally递进逻辑：另外，深入而言Modify:修改、更改、调整、变化(revise,adjust)22/74SubjectAtoB使A服从于BPeculiar

特有，独特，(unique)Fancyn.想象，幻想vt.爱慕adj.花哨，华丽23/74组合：主句，直译Tomodifytheenvironment，放到修饰对象ability之前：…….能力inwhichtheylivein,较短定语从句，放到修饰对象environment之前Thus…..fancies.成果状语，直译。24/74译文：深入而言，人们尚有变化自己所居住环境能力，从而使其他生命形式服从于人类自己独特想法和喜好（想象）。25/74Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematicanddispassionedmanner

thatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.拆分点：Which(定语从句)Inthesame…manner(方式状语)That…(定语从句)26/74拆分：Socialscienceisthat…enquiry.（主干）Whichseeks…endeavors.（修饰branch）Inthesame…manner（方式状语，修饰study）That…phenomena.（定语从句，修饰manner）27/74单词详解：Branch:分支，分支机构，分校Intellectual:智力上（intelligence）Seektodosth.：试图，力图做某事（注意和seek区分）Enquiry:摸索，探寻，问询Endeavor:努力，活动（behavior）28/74Reasoned:推理（注意和reasonable，reasoning区分）Orderly:有序，按次序Dispassioned:理性，客观（等于objective，注意和impassioned区分）29/74组合：1）主句直译2）which...较长，逻辑复杂，独立成句3）inthesamemannerthat…可翻译为“像…同样方式）4）that…较短，放到manner前面30/74译文：社会科学是知识摸索一种分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象同样，用理性，有序，系统和客观方式来研究人类及其行为。或者社会科学是知识摸索一种分支，它试图研究人类及其行为，以一种用理性，有序，系统和客观方式，就像自然科学家研究自然现象同样。31/74Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.32/74拆分点：Combinedwith….present(过去分词作定语，修饰emphasis)Broughtto…present(过去分词作定语，修饰perspective)Gatheredfirst-hand(过去分词作定语，修饰data)33/74拆分：1）Theemphasisondatamakesthisstudya…socialscience.(主干)2）gatheredfirst-hand;combinedwith…present(定语》》emphasis)3）broughtto…present(定语》》perspective)34/74单词详解：Emphasison…：对…强调，可直接翻译为“强调…”Becombinedwith…：与…相结合，可直接翻译为“加上…”Perspective:观点，见解；远景，展望Distinctly:显然地，非常地，一般翻译为“非常”Distinct>>verydifferentDistinctive>>uniqueDistinctively特有地，独特地35/74组合1）ondatagatheredfirst-hand,较短定语，放到emphasis之前2）combinedwithacross-culturalperspective,独立构造，直译3）broughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,放到perspective之前4）makes…science直译36/74译文：强调一手材料搜集，加上在分析古今文化中所采取（带入）跨文化观点，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常主要社会科学。37/74Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.拆分点：1)Which2)Acquiredby…society38/74拆分：1）Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwhole”主干2）which…habits(定语从句，修饰complexwhole.3）acquiredby…society(过去分词作定语，修饰capabilitiesandhabits)39/74单词详解1）defineAasB:把A定义为B2）complex:复杂，复合3）capability:能力，产能，载重，容量4）acquire:取得，习得40/74组合：1）which…较长，有复杂逻辑构造，独立成句2）acquiredby…放到修饰对象capabilitiesandhabits之前41/74译文泰勒把文化定义为“…一种复合体，它包括了信奉、艺术、道德、法律、习俗（伦理）以及其他任何人类作为一种社会组员取得能力和习惯。”42/74Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture”,liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.拆分点：1）liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics2）which….understanding43/74拆分：1）Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture”isanabstractconcept2)Like…mathematics(介词短语插入语）；which…understanding（修饰abstractconcept)44/74单词详解：1）anthropology人类学–logy学科，科学2）concept概念；misconception错误概念，谬论3）abstract抽象；摘要4）concrete详细；水泥45/74组合1）like…mathematics:介词短语插入语直译2）which…：长定语从句，独立成句46/74译文：因此，人类学概念上“文化”，就像数学中“集”同样，是一种抽象概念，它使得大量详细研究和结识使得也许。47/742023TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionswiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguages.拆分点1）that...thought（宾语从句）2）which…Europe（非限制性定语从句）3）longbefore…languages（时间状语）48/74拆分：1）TheGreeksassumedthat……thought主干2）which…Europe（修饰前句）3）longbefore…couldbe修饰tookrootin49/74单词详解Assume:假设，以为；承当，接收assumeresponsibilitySome:某种，某个（当其背面可数名词为单数时）Thought:思维，思想theThoughtsofChairmanMaoTakerootin:扎根于注意和stemfrom,originatefrom区分Diverse:多样50/74组合1）主干直译2）which…非限制性定语从句主语为“这种观点”3）时间状语longbefore…languages放到其修饰对象tookroot之前4）名词性从句howdiverselanguagescouldbe直译51/74译文：希腊人以为，语言构造与思维过程之间有某种联系。这种观点在人们结识到语言多样性之前就已经在欧洲扎根了。52/74Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.拆分点：1）because…2）as…3）or…and…53/74拆分1）weareobligedtothem（主干）2）because…vanished（原因状语,修饰beobligedto…）3）as…languages（原因状语，修饰vanished）4）whospokethem（定语从句，修饰peoples）54/74Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed---andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.55/74InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groups

whichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghouses

thatworkinrelationtooneanother.56/74Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.57/74Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferenceculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice.58/74Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosayUnitedwestand,dividedwefall.59/742023IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocraticwayaboutmoralproblems.60/74Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamatteraspossible

thecourseofreasoning

whichledhimtohisdecision.61/74Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,

hehasnobeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.62/74Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcode,whichgovernshisactivity,

anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.63/74Themayteachverywell,andmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.64/742023Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.65/74Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamanner

whichisparalleltothelinks

journalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.66/74Buttheidea

thatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstanding

oftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewmedia.67/74Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalists

whodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianCon