上海海事大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

2011年上海海事大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解PartⅠ VocabularyandStructures(30points;0.5pointforeachitem)Choosethebestanswerforeachitem.ThenuseapenorpenciltomarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.Hebelievesthatbuildingalongrampoutsidethepyramidtomovethestone______upasmuchstoneasthepyramiditself.A.wouldnotuseB.shoulduseC.wouldhadusedD.wouldhaveused【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他相信在金字塔外建造一条长斜坡来移动石头的方法会用掉和建造金字塔本身一样多的石头。believe表示主观推测，应用虚拟语气，结构为should＋动词原形。因此，本题的正确答案为B。2.Otheradvantagesincludenothavingtorentmotelrooms,andsleepinginabedoneiscomfortable______.A.byB.atC.withD.for【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：其他优势包括不需要租汽车旅馆房间，以及可以睡在一张舒服的床上。becomfortablewith对……感到舒服。因此，本题的正确答案为C。3.TheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofSciencehassuggestedthathumanreproductivecloning______banneduntilsafetyissuesareresolved.A.isB.beC.willbeD.hasbeen【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：美国科学促进会建议禁止生殖性人类克隆，直到安全问题得到解决。suggest表示主观建议时应使用虚拟语气，从句结构为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。因此，本题的正确答案为B。4.—“Aren’tyouinterestedinthisapartment?”—“Letmethinkit______.”A.overB.upC.outD.across【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：——“你对这所公寓不感兴趣吗？”——“让我仔细想想。”thinkover仔细考虑。thinkup想出。thinkout解决。没有thinkacross这一短语。因此，本题的正确答案为A。5.Firstly,youmustbepunctual______Germans.Evenfiveminuteslatemakesabadimpression.A.withB.toC.forD.in【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：和德国人打交道的时候一定要守时。即使迟到五分钟也会给他们留下不好的印象。bepunctualwith表示“与……准时”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。6.Themuseumtellsusthestoriesofthelivesofpeoplewholiveallovertheworldtoday,______familyhistorycanbetracedtoAfricans.A.itsB.theirC.whoseD.where【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：博物馆给我们讲了有关现在生活在世界各地的人的生活，这些人的家族史可以追溯到非洲人。逗号后为修饰people的非限制性定语从句，表示所属关系，应使用whose引导。因此，本题的正确答案为C。7.Thiswasalawmadein1807;itbannedallBritishpeople______takingpartintheslavetrade.A.inB.fromC.offD.out【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：这条法律1807年制定；它禁止所有英国人参与奴隶贸易活动。ban...from...禁止……做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为B。8.Ourdailybreadandmuchelsethatcomesintoourkitchenseverydaymayalreadycontaingeneticallymodifiedingredients,______theannoyanceofcampaigners,whosaynotenoughresearchhasbeendone.A.muchtoB.muchforC.alotforD.alotwith【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我们日常吃的面包以及其他每天会进入厨房里的食物可能已经包含转基因原料了，这严重激怒了那些认为没有对此做过足够研究的参加运动者。toone’sannoyance意为“使某人恼火的是……”，much用于修饰程度。因此，本题的正确答案为A。9.Itwasonlytheverywealthywhochangedtheirclothingstylesto______theythoughtwerethelatestfashionsoftheday.A.nothingB.everythingC.whatD.that【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：只有那些非常富有的人才会把他们的着装风格更换成他们认为最新的时尚风格。to后缺少宾语，而what可以引导宾语从句。因此，本题的正确答案为C。10.Inthepastchildrenhadbeen______littleadults.Theirclotheshadbeenveryformalandwerebasedontheclothesofadults.A.thoughtlikeB.thoughtofinsteadC.thoughtofwithD.thoughtofas【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在过去，孩子们被当作小大人。他们的着装非常正式，基于成人的服装设计。thinkof认为。as意为“如同”，表示身份。因此，本题的正确答案为D。11.______inthe1960sclothingdesignerswererespondingtothespaceage,designersnowarerespondingtothecomputerage.A.BecauseB.DespiteC.WhereD.Whereas【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：20世纪60年代，服装设计师们响应“太空时代”，而现在的设计师们响应的是“计算机时代”。whereas意为“然而”，表对比。因此，本题的正确答案为D。12.Thatwouldbeahardtaskeveniftheyhadafully-fledgedmarketingdepartment,______theydon’thave.A.itB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：即使他们有成熟的市场部，那也会是一项艰巨的任务，而且现在并没有。逗号后是修饰marketingdepartment的非限制性定语从句，用which引导。因此，本题的正确答案为C。13.Youcanwork______youwantandinanywayyouwant.A.anytimeB.inanytimeC.duringanytimeD.overanylime【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：你可以在任何想工作的时候工作，用任何你想用的方式工作。表示“任何时候”时用anytime，不需要加介词。因此，本题的正确答案为A。14.Whentheydidn’thaveenoughmoney,theywereworriedabouttheirpoorlivingconditions.Whentheyare______enoughtopurchaseanapartment,theywantavilla.A.wealthB.fluentC.affluentD.overflowing【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：贫穷的时候，他们担忧穷苦的生活条件。当他们富裕到足够买一间公寓的时候，他们又想要别墅。affluent富裕的；丰富的。wealth财富。fluent流利的。overflowing过剩的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。15.Clearly,anxietyis______thewholecountry.A.persistentB.consistentC.pervadingD.persevering【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：很明显，紧张情绪正在这个国家弥漫。pervading弥漫的；普遍的。persistent持续的。consistent始终如一的。persevering坚持的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。16.Thiscolorofthistieistheperfect______totherestofthepicture.Youlookelegant.A.complimentB.complementC.accomplishmentD.contemplation【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：这条领带的颜色完美补足了照片剩下的部分。你看起来十分优雅。complement补足物。compliment恭维。accomplishment成就。contemplation沉思。因此，本题的正确答案为B。17.Withtheincreasingpopularityofbeautycontests,winnershavebecome______formanyyounggirls.A.rolemodelsB.modelrolesC.rolemodelingD.modelingroles【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：随着选美比赛逐渐流行，选美比赛冠军变成了很多年轻女孩的行为榜样。rolemodel意为“行为榜样”，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为A。18.Theislandershadtousetheir______handstosearchfortheirfamilies.A.vacantB.nakedC.bareD.nude【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：岛民不得不徒手寻找他们的家人。bare露出的。vacant空虚的。naked赤裸的。nude裸的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。19.Lastweek’searthquake______sevenontheRichterscale—almostashighasthescalecango.A.reportedB.registeredC.representedD.retains【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：据报道，上周的地震达到了里氏七级——几乎达到最高地震等级了。report报道；register注册；represent代表；retain保持。因此，本题的正确答案为A。20.It’stheworstfloodinginEssexinmorethan50years,andit’stakenresidentshere______.A.withshockingB.insurpriseC.bysurpriseD.withsurprise【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：这是埃塞克斯超过50年来遭遇的最大洪水，洪水奇袭了那里的居民。take...bysurprise意为“奇袭；使吃惊”，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为C。21.Theinabilitytocommunicateinaforeignlanguageisaproblemthatmanyinternationaltravelers______.A.faceB.facewithC.isfacedD.isfacingwith【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：无法用外语交流是很多出国旅行者遇到的问题。表示“面临问题”时应使用face或befacedwith。该句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。因此，本题的正确答案为A。22.Topreventconstantjob-hopping,someenterpriseshaveactuallystarted______theiremployees’graduationcertificates;someevenholdbackwages.A.holdingwithB.withholdingC.withholdingbackD.withholdingbackward【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：为了防止持续跳槽，一些企业已经开始克扣员工的毕业证，有些甚至拖欠工资。withhold保留，不给。holdwith容忍。没有withholdback与withholdbackward的结构。因此，本题的正确答案为B。23.It’stimeforJohntomakehisfirstvisittoseeifhecanhelp______thingsaround.A.reverseB.overturnC.returnD.turn【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：是时候让约翰首次拜访了，看看他能不能帮忙让事情好转。turn...around意为“好转”，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为D。24.InhabitantsinnorthernChinaweregeneticallydistinguishablefromthoseinthesouth,afindingthatwas______historicalmigrationpatternsinChina.A.consistentwithB.consistentforC.persistenttoD.persistentat【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：中国北方居民和南方居民在基因方面有不同，这个发现和中国历史上的移民模式一致。beconsistentwith意为“与……一致”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。25.Theyshouldhavethenecessaryskillstonegotiatesuccessfullywiththemultinationalsand______anationwidemarketingcampaign.A.investB.instinctC.investigateD.instigate【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他们应该具备与跨国公司成功谈判和调查全国性营销活动的必需技巧。investigate调查。invest投资。instinct本能。instigate煽动。因此，本题的正确答案为C。26.John’sworriedhisPRstrategyistootime-consumingand______.Heneedstothinkbigger.A.labor-intentB.labor-intenseC.labor-intensiveD.labor-intensively【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：John担心他的公关策略太耗时间并且太费人力。他需要想得远一些。labor-intensive意为“劳动密集型”，为固定搭配，修饰“PRstrategy”时使用形容词形式。因此，本题的正确答案为C。27.TheGermans,however,preferto______business!A.getstraightupforB.getstraightuptoC.getstraightdownoverD.getstraightdownto【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：然而，德国人偏好开门见山地谈生意。getdownto意为“着手处理”，为固定搭配。straight起强调作用。因此，本题的正确答案为D。28.So,usethesetips,andyouwillbe______asuccessfulinternationalbusinesscareer!A.inyourwaytoB.onyourwaytoC.inyourwaytowardsD.onyourwayat【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：因此，运用了这些小技巧，你就会在成功的国际商务事业上一路前行了！onone’swayto意为“在某人去……的途中”，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为B。29.In2007we______the200thanniversaryoftheAbolitionoftheSlaveTradeAct.A.memoryB.deliberateC.remindD.commemorate【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：2007年，我们庆祝了《废除奴隶贸易法》施行的200周年纪念日。commemorate庆祝。memory记忆。deliberate仔细考虑。remind提醒。因此，本题的正确答案为D。30.Walkdownanyhighstreetandyoucan’thelp______theexplosionoftrendycoffeeshops.A.withnoticingB.tonoticeC.noticingD.benoticing【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：沿着任何大街走下去，你都会不禁注意到时尚咖啡馆的激增。can’thelpdoing...意为“不禁做某事”，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为C。31.Theoldstyleofcafesisgraduallydisappearingto______thecaffeineculture.A.takewayforB.makewayforC.takemethodtoD.makemethodof【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：老式咖啡馆逐渐消失，让位给咖啡文化。makewayfor让路。因此，本题的正确答案为B。32.Asa______actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：作为一个多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞，还会好几种乐器。versatile多才多艺的。flexible灵活的。sophisticated复杂的。productive多产的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。33.Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto______.A.ascendB.descendC.declineD.plunge【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我们费了很大力气终于爬到了山顶，半个小时之后我们就开始下山了。descend下去。ascend上升。decline衰落。plunge突然下降。因此，本题的正确答案为B。34.Competition,theybelieve,______thenationalcharacterthancorruptit.A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：他们相信竞争会增强民族性，而不是使它腐化。strengthen加强。enforce强制执行。confirm确认。intensify使变激烈。因此，本题的正确答案为D。35.Theaccident______himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.A.excludedB.disabledC.deprivedD.gripped【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：事故使他失明、双腿残废。deprivesb.ofsth.意为“从某人那里剥夺了某物”，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为C。36.Onweekendsmygrandmausually______aglassofwine.A.subscribestoB.engagesinC.hangsonD.indulgesin【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在周末，我的奶奶通常会享用一杯酒。indulgein沉溺于……。subscribeto订阅。engagein参与。hangon坚持。因此，本题的正确答案为D。37.Thepeoplelivingintheseapartmentshavefree______tothatswimmingpool.A.accessB.excessC.excursionD.recreation【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：住在这个公寓里的人可以免费去那个游泳池。haveaccessto意为“使用”，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为A。38.Atthepartywefoundthatshygirl______hermotherallthetime.A.dependingonB.coincidingwithC.adheringtoD.clingingto【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在派对上，我们发现那个害羞的女孩一直紧跟着妈妈不分开。clingto依附。dependon取决于。coincidewith与……一致。adhereto坚持；拥护。因此，本题的正确答案为D。39.Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople______andasksthemquestions.A.atlengthB.atrandomC.inessenceD.inbulk【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：当心理学家要做一个关于人类思维的综合实验时，他会随机选人问他们问题。atrandom随机地。atlength详细地。inessence本质上。inbulk大量地。因此，本题的正确答案为B。40.Theytossedyourthoughtsbackandforthforoveranhour,butstillcouldnotmake______ofthem.A.impressionB.comprehensionC.meaningD.sense【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：他们把你的想法反复掂量了超过一个小时，但还是没能搞清意思。makesenseof意为“搞清……”的意思，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为D。41.Thepoliticiansayshewill______thewelfareofthepeople.A.preyonB.takeonC.getatD.seeto【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：这个政客说他会负责人民的福利的。seeto负责。preyon捕食。takeon承担。getat理解。因此，本题的正确答案为D。42.Ofthethousandsofknownvolcanoesintheworld,the______majorityareinactive.A.tremendousB.demandingC.intensiveD.overwhelming【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：世界上已知的几千座火山中，死火山占了压倒性的多数。overwhelming压倒性的，可与majority连用。tremendous极大的。demanding苛求的。intensive集中的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。43.Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe______concernofstategovernments.A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：总体而言，完全的国内问题是国家政府要专门关心的问题。exclusive独有的。extinct灭绝的。excluding不包括……。excessive过多的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。44.WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she______thedoor.A.sawmeatB.setmeoffC.sentmetoD.showedmeto【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：当我和她告别的时候，她把我带到了门口。show...to...意为“把……带到……”。因此，本题的正确答案为D。45.Inthemeantime,thequestionfacingbusinessiswhethersuchresearchis______thecosts.A.worthB.worthofC.worthyD.worthwhile【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：与此同时，商业所面临的问题是，这样的研究是否值得。beworthsth.值得……。若使用worthy则后面应加介词of。worthwhile通常用于“itisworthwhilethat...”结构中。因此，本题的正确答案为A。46.Heisholdinga______positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.A.subordinateB.succeedingC.successiveD.subsequent【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他在公司里职位不高，之后很有希望升迁。subordinate次要的。succeeding随后的。successive继承的。subsequent后来的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。47.Thespeaker______thetopicfortwohours.A.dwelledonB.swelledonC.dwelledD.swelled【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：演讲者就话题详述了两个小时。dwell为不及物动词，dwellon意为“详述”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。48.Toobusywithhiswork,hejust______hisagreementwithoutevenlookingupatme.A.bluntedB.gruntedC.bladedD.growled【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：由于忙于工作，他看都没看我一眼就咕哝着表示同意。grunt咕哝着说。blunt使迟钝。blade刀锋。growl咆哮。因此，本题的正确答案为B。49.Thedishonestmengotthemoneyby______.A.deceiveB.cheatC.trickyD.fraud【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：不诚实的人通过欺诈获取钱财。fraud欺骗，为名词。deceive欺骗，为动词。cheat欺骗，为动词。tricky狡猾的，为形容词。by后应接名词或动名词。因此，本题的正确答案为D。50.Heisthesole______tothelargefortune.A.successB.heirC.administratorD.manager【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他是这笔巨大财富的唯一继承人。heir继承人。success成功。administrator管理人。manager经理。因此，本题的正确答案为B。51.Thisinvention______theadventoftheatomicage.A.predictsatB.forecastsforC.heraldsD.calls【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：这项发明预示了原子时代的到来。herald预示……的来临。forecastfor对……的预测。call呼叫。没有predictat这样的结构。因此，本题的正确答案为C。52.Therestaurantis______bythestudentsfromanearlyuniversityA.customizedB.patronizedC.favoredwithD.propelled【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：这家餐馆经常有来自附近一所大学的学生光顾。patronize经常光顾。customize定做。favorwith取悦。propel激励。因此，本题的正确答案为B。53.Thefluis______inthecity.A.influencedB.influentialC.rampantD.rehabilitating【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：流感在这个城市里猖獗。rampant猖獗的。influenced被影响的。influential有影响的。rehabilitating复原的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。54.Thecar______toavoidthedogrunningacrosstheroad.A.swervedB.swayedC.swiggedD.stumped【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：汽车突然转向，以避开正跑过马路的狗。swerve突然转向。sway影响。swig痛饮。stump砍伐。因此，本题的正确答案为A。55.Afteraprolonged______,thetownwasrendereduptotheinsurgents.A.surroundB.circleC.rampD.siege【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在经过一段持续很久的围攻之后，这个镇被放弃，交给了叛乱者。siege围攻。surround包围。circle盘旋。ramp蔓延。因此，本题的正确答案为D。56.Fortunately,thetumourisnot______.A.malignantB.benignC.maliciousD.benched【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：幸运的是，肿瘤不是恶性的。malignant恶性的。benign良性的。malicious恶意的。benched台阶形状的；换下场的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。57.Sucha(n)______wouldbeausefuladditiontomywardrobe.A.closetB.neighC.outputD.outfit【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在我的衣柜中添加这样一套服装会很有用。outfit全套装备。closet壁橱。neigh马嘶声。output输出。因此，本题的正确答案为D。58.Thecourthasno______overforeigndiplomatslivinginthiscountry.A.justiceB.jurisdictionC.justificationD.judge【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：法庭对生活在本国的外交官无司法权。jurisdiction司法权。justice正义。justification理由。judge法官。因此，本题的正确答案为B。59.Itwasthemost______purchaseIhaveevermade.A.introspectiveB.introvertedC.extraterrestrialD.extravagant【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：这是我买过的最奢侈的东西。extravagant奢侈的。introspective内省的。introverted内向的。extraterrestrial地球外的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。60.Sheisso______thatsheisregardedasabitofacuriosity.A.tremorB.eccentricC.falteringD.grunted【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：她实在是太古怪了，以至于她被人认为有点像老古董。eccentric古怪的。tremor颤动。faltering蹒跚的。grunted咕哝的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。PartⅡ ReadingComprehension(40points;1pointforeachquestioninthefirstfourpassages,and2pointsforeachquestioninthelasttwopassages)Directions:Choosethebestanswerforeachitem.ThenuseapenorpenciltomarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerShedwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirminUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsconnectedwiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.61.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.62.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinfirms.B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.D.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.63.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto______.A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipmentB.technologicalandmanagerialstaffC.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskillsD.topexecutives64.Accordingtothepassages,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis______.A.theintroductionofnewtechnologiesB.theimprovementofworker’sbasicskillsC.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployeesD.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees65.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.D.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.【答案与解析】61.B 文章第一段第三句提到在美国公司“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility”，由此可知对于他们来说，技能获取是个人的问题。故选B。62.D 文章第二段说到了美国公司人力资源管理主管的地位——第三、四句提到“Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob...Theexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisions...”，由此可知在美国公司人力资源管理主管的工作没有那么被看重，这个职位无法参与决定主要决策。故选D。63.B 文章第三段第二句提到“Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees”，由此可知，美国公司把大多数资金都花在了专业职员和管理职员的身上。故选B。64.B 文章第三段结尾提到“...thelimitedinvestments...arealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskills...”，后文也提到了这种做法的后果：工人们不得不花费很多时间学习新技术，影响新技术的应用，而在此时其他的公司可能已经实现了新技术应用。由此可推测，若工人技能得不到提升，便会影响新技术的应用速度，进一步影响公司竞争力。故选B。65.D 文章第一段开头便提到“Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.”，之后便围绕美国公司在人力资源管理方面的现状、弊端与给竞争力带来的影响展开讨论。由此可知，本文主要围绕着人力资源管理策略对美国公司竞争力的影响进行讨论。故选D。Passage2Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thus,ifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.66.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.A.indifferentB.favorableC.tolerantD.negative67.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingistrueofnuclearenergy?A.Primitive.B.Exhaustible.C.Cheap.D.Unsafe.68.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______.A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemploymentB.itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolutionC.itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsocietyD.nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff69.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?A.Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.B.Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.C.Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.D.Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.70.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto______.A.advancethefinalargumentB.reflectthewriter’sattitudeC.reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughtsD.showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower【答案与解析】66.D 文章第二段结尾作者总结双方观点，认为除了核能以外，还有其他经济环保的能源。由此可知作者对核能持有消极态度。故选D。67.D 根据关键词“opponent”定位至文章第一段。第一段结尾提到了反对者的一条理由，第二段说到了更多的理由：对环境和公民自由的威胁，成本，在几个国家发生过事故，浪费资源等。由此可知，由于有过发生事故的先例，因此核能并不安全。故选D。68.C 文章第一段提到“Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.”。由此可知有些人认为核能至关重要的原因是可以满足工业发展社会的需要。故选C。69.A 文章第二段提到“Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.”由此可知，核能发展呈现在持续的工业生产和消费者需求的发展，但这种发展是否能够持续下去值得怀疑。由此可知，作者认为对商品的需求不一定持续增长。故选A。70.B 文章结尾，作者考虑了双方的看法并提出一个观点，由此可知最后一句话的作用是反映作者态度。故选B。Passage3Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,CocaCola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe’sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon’tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障碍物)havedroppedfromtheireyes.“Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,”saysKaleelJamison,aNewYorkbasedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues.“Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you’llgetahead,thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion.”Sheadds,“Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey’vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydowntheirvisibility.”Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.71.Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Para.1)probablyrefersto“______”.A.criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceB.theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefsC.thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheyeD.theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization72.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto______.A.letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouareB.projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyouC.workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiorsD.performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors73.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey______.A.knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotionB.wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefsC.don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolorD.believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor74.TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman’sbeliefsare______.A.biasedB.popularC.insightfulD.superficial75.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.A.RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagementB.TheImportanceofBeingVisibleC.JobPerformanceandAdvancementD.SexandCareerSuccess【答案与解析】71.B 文章第一段结尾提到新来者“tendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingup withcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeev