冯庆华《实用翻译教程》（第3版）配套题库（含考研真题）

第一章语义翻译一、翻译下列词组，注意根据搭配选择合适的词义。1.①softmusic②softlife③softdrink④softgoods⑤softlight⑥softbreeze【译文】①轻音乐；②安逸的生活；③软饮料（不含酒精）；④纺织品；⑤柔和的光线；⑥微风2.①ahandsomecar②ahandsomeman③ahandsomeprofit④ahandsomecompliment【译文】①漂亮的车；②英俊的男士；③一大笔利润；④大加赞赏3.①goodresults②goodfood③agoodpoint④agooddeed【译文】①好的结果；②符合标准的食物；③有说服力的依据；④高尚的习惯行为4.①poorhealth②poorfood③poorlight④poorsoil⑤apoorcountry⑥apoorswimmer【译文】①身体不好；②劣质食物；③昏暗的光线；④贫瘠的土壤；⑤贫穷的国家；⑥不擅长游泳的人5.①regularbreathing②regularcustomers③afacewithregularfeatures④aregulararmy/soldier⑤aregulardisaster【译文】①均匀的呼吸；②老主顾；③五官端正的脸庞；④正规军；正规军士兵；⑤一场彻底的灾难6.①tocutwheat②tocutcake③tocutfinger-nails【译文】①割麦子；②切蛋糕；③剪指甲7.①tofueluponfood②tofueluponwater【译文】①吃点食物；②喝点啤酒8.①申请书②报告书③协议书④成绩通知书⑤成交确认书⑥白皮书⑦家书【译文】①LetterofApplication②Report③Agreement④GradeReport⑤SalesConfirmation⑥WhiteBook⑦aLetterfromHome9.①病历表②履历表③时间表④日程表⑤价目表【译文】①casehistoryform②resume③timetable④schedule⑤pricelist10.①推荐信②证明信③口信【译文】①letterofrecommendation②certificate③anoralmessage11.①名单②菜单③账单④保险单⑤订阅单⑥收款清单⑦违规通知单【译文】①namelist②menu③bill④policy⑤subscriptionform⑥accountnote⑦ticket12.①写作水平②领导水平③生活水平④发展水平⑤工作水平⑥开放水平【译文】①qualityofwriting②artofleadership③standardofliving④levelofdevelopment⑤workperformance⑥degreeofopenness13.身体好，学习好，工作好。【译文】Keepfit,studywellandworkhard.14.①经济法制化②经济全球化③社会知识化④国际关系民主化⑤国民经济信息化⑥科研成果产业化【译文】①tomanageeconomicaffairswithinaframework②economicglobalization③tobuildaknowledge-drivensociety④thepracticeofdemocracyininternationalrelations⑤tobuildaninformation-basednationaleconomy⑥toapplyscientificresearchresultstoindustrialproduction15.①一窝蜜蜂②一窝小鸡③一窝幼犬【译文】①Aswarmofbees②Abroodofchickens③Alitterofpups16.①一群美女②一群猎狗③一群鸭④一群羚羊【译文】①Abevyofbeautifulladies②Apackofhounds③Ateamofducks④Aherdofantelopes17.①积极支持②积极的财政政策③积极利用国外资源【译文】①unfailingsupport②proactivefiscalpolicy③makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources18.①基本工资②基本建设③基本物质④基本工业⑤基本利益【译文】①basicwage②capitalconstruction③essentialcommodity④primaryindustry⑤fundamentalinterest19.①大城市②大雨③大志④大人物⑤大道理【译文】①abigcity②aheavyrain③ahighaim④animportantperson⑤generalprinciple20.①老战士②老领导③老师傅④老芹菜【译文】①aveteran②aseniorleader③amastercraftsman④overgrowncelery21.①打电话②打的③打毛衣④打水⑤打篮球⑥打农药【译文】①tomakeaphonecall②totakeataxi③toknitawoolensweater④tofetchwater⑤toplaybasketball⑥tosprayinsecticide22.①维护统一②维护独立主权③维护国家荣誉④维护国家主权⑤维护人民利益⑥维护自尊⑦维护世界和平与安全【译文】①toupholdunity②toupholdindependenceandsovereignty③todefendnationalhonor④todefendstatesovereignty⑤tosafeguardthepeople’sinterests⑥tosafeguardself-respect⑦tomaintain/safeguardworldpeaceandsecurity23.①进行社会主义革命②进行一场激烈的争论③进行实地调查④进行亲切的谈话⑤进行侵略⑥进行核试验【译文】①tocarryoutsocialistrevolution②tocarryonaspiriteddebate③tomakeanon-the-spotinvestigation④tohaveacordialconversation⑤tocommitaggressiontoholdconsultationwith⑥toconductanucleartest24.严格训练、严格要求。【译文】Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrictdemand.二、翻译下列句子，注意根据语境选择恰当的单词。1.①Heisafunnywriter②Thereissomethingfunnyaboutthematter.③Youwillbesorryifyoutryanythingfunnyinclass.【译文】①他是个风趣的作家②事情有些蹊跷。③你要是在课堂上玩什么鬼花样，肯定要后悔的。2.①Yourcountryisaconsistentandresolutechampionofallthepeopleswhostruggleagainstterrorism.②Itisthechampionofapartheid.【译文】①贵国一直坚定地站在反恐怖主义的前列。②它是导致种族隔离的罪魁祸首。3.①Sheisfidgetyandrestless.②Alltheinventorshavearestlessmind.【译文】①她生性急躁好动。②所有的发明家都有一个不停思索的头脑。4.①Thosewhodonotrememberthepastarecondemnedtoreliveit.②Thatathletetriedtorelivehisglorydays.【译文】①凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。②那运动员试图重温他的光辉岁月。5.①Thistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.②Heismakinghimselfcheap.【译文】①这种打字机确实便宜又好用。②他这么做正使他的名誉受损。6.①Theenemy’sschemewentbankrupt.②Wehavemappedoutascheme.【译文】①敌人的阴谋破产了。②我们已经制定了一个方案。7.①Ourplansucceeded.②Theunderwriterrealizesthisandcertainlydoesnotsetouttomakelifedifficultforhisagencycolleagues.However,hehasajobtodo.Partofthatjobistoensurethatpeoplewhoattempttobuypoliciesbecausetheyexpectto“die”soondonotsucceedinfoolinghimandhiscompany.【译文】①我们的计划成功了。②核保人如果认识到这一点，当然不会让他的代理处的同事难堪。然而，他又肩负着责任，其责任之一便是，确保那些因预计很快“死亡”而设法购买统保单的人欺骗核保人自己及其公司的企图不会得逞。8.①Oneplayerinparticulardeservesamention.②Hedeservestobelockedupforeverforwhathedid.【译文】①一名运动员特别值得表扬。②他做了这样的事，活该终身监禁。9.①还有些未完成的事要处理。②我们就这件事请教过他。③请回去吧，这里没你的事了。【译文】①Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.②Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.③Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow.10.①连续下了三天大雨。②他爱说大话。③他们在给教室大扫除。④像他这样的人大有人在。⑤根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。⑥如果你那样干，你大错特错了。【译文】①Itrainedcatsanddogsthreedaysonend.②Helikestalkingbig.③Theyaregivingtheclassroomagoodclean.④Apersonlikehimisbynomeans(innoway/onnoaccount/never/notabsolutely)rare.⑤Weshouldgoinforindustryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.⑥Ifyoudoitlikethat,you’llbecompletely(gravely/seriously)mistaken.11.①为了保卫国家安全，维护祖国统一，我们必须不断增强国防实力。②中国对外政策的宗旨，就是维护世界和平，促进共同发展。③我们要维护人民的权利。④进一步维护社会稳定。⑤联合国应维护正义，在维护世界和平促进发展方面起积极作用。⑥我们要维护香港的经济繁荣和社会稳定。【译文】①WemustbuildupourdefensecapabilitywithaviewtosafeguardingourStatesecurityandnationalunity.②ThepurposeofChina’sforeignpolicyistosafeguardworldpeaceandpromotecommondevelopment.③Weshouldmaintainthepeople’srights.④Weneedtobettersafeguardsocialstability.⑤TheU.N.shouldupholdjusticeandplayamoreactiveroleinmaintainingworldpeaceandpromotingdevelopment.⑥WeshouldmaintaintheeconomicprosperityandsocialstabilityofHongKong.12.①心有余而力不足。②您的建议我会永远铭记在心。③如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤心的。④居心叵测⑤得人心者得天下。⑥劳心者治人，劳力者治于人。【译文】①One’sabilityfallsshortofone’swishes.②Iwillalwaysbearyouradviceinmind.③You’llhurtherfeelingsifyouforgetherbirthday.④tonurseevilintentions.⑤Thosewhogainpopularityamongpeoplewillgainthepower.⑥Thosewhoworkwithbrainrulethosewhoworkwiththeirbrawnareruled.13.①剪纸是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。②现在又开始流行短发了。【译文】①PapercuttingisoneofChina’smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.②It’sbecomingfashionableagaintohaveshorthair.14.①该委员会由十五人组成。②党组织是由无产阶级先进分子组成的。③空气是由多种气体混合组成的。【译文】①Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.②ThePartyorganizationiscomposedoftheadvancedelementsoftheproletariat.③Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.15.①他醉心于医学研究。②那个人醉心于名利。【译文】①Heisdeeplyengrossedinmedicalresearch.②Thatchapisinfatuatedwithfameandgain.16.①我借一下你的自行车好吗？②我借一下你的电话好吗？③借光、借光。【译文】①MayIborrowyourbike?②MayIuseyourtelephone?③Excuseme,excuseme!17.她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵。【译文】Whatsheseeksistruth,andwhathehankersafterisnothingbuthighpositionandgreatwealth.18.他们讲索取，我们讲奉献【译文】Theypreachtakingfromothers,whereasweadvocategivingtoothers.19.①不解决一系列问题，双方贸易无法进一步得到发展。②这笔索赔已经拖了好几年了，所涉及的问题很复杂，我真不知道该怎么处理。③用户在技术交流时，向贵方专家提出了许多问题。④搞这个合资公司是个好主意，但问题是能否保证它可以得到足够的订单。【译文】①Intheabsenceofthesettlementofaseriesofissuesofprinciple,thebusinessbetweenthetwopartiescanhardlybepushedforward.②Thisclaimhasbeenkeptoutstandingformanyyears.TheproblemsinvolvedaresocomplicatedthatIreallydon’tknowhowtotacklethem.③Ourendusersaskyourspecialistsalotofquestionsatthetechnicalseminar.④Itisagoodideatoorganizethisjoint-venturecompany,butthepointiswhetherenoughorderscanbesecuredforit.20.①双方价格差距很大，先谈到这里吧！你的意见如何。②贵方总裁和我们总经理就拟议中的合资项目坦率地交换了意见。【译文】①Sincethepricegapisverywidebetweenthetwoparties,shallwesuspendthediscussion?What’syouridea?②YourPresidenthadafrankexchangeofviewswithourManagingDirectorontheproposedjointventureproject.21.①我们找个安静的地方好好聊聊。②箱子里已经没有地方了。③你希望留在部队还是到地方上去？【译文】①Let’sfindsomewherequietsowecanhaveagoodtalk.②Thereisnoroomleftinthechest.③Wouldyouliketostayinthearmyorleaveforanon-militaryunit?22.①我们必须改善我们的财政状况。②我们很担心他的精神状况。③信息技术引发的商业模式的变革，在过去的几年中呈现出迅猛发展的状况。【译文】①Wemustbetterourfinancialcondition.②Weareworriedabouthismentalstate.③Inthepastfewyears,thetransformofbusinessmodebroughtbyinformationtechnologytookonarapiddevelopmenttrend.【解析】condition与形容词连用，尤指人或事物的外观、品质和工作状况。state较condition通用，指在特定时间的状况，可不加形容词。trend多指未来发展的趋势和状况。23.①在这种情况下②他的情况比较困难。③前面有情况，做好战斗准备。④可是在其他地方，情况却完全两样了。⑤我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。【译文】①underthese/suchcircumstances;suchbeingthecase;inaccordancewiththisspecificcondition②Heisinadifficultsituation.③There’senemyactivityahead.Prepareforcombat.④Butthepictureoutsidethisplaceisquiteanotherstory.⑤Wemaygothere,butthatdepends.【解析】句②中，“情况”指“处境、境遇”。句③中的“情况”指“敌情”，故译为enemyactivity。24.①当前最重要的任务就是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。②在该任务中，每个人都应该按计划行动。③这个任务我可能会给你们特优。【译文】①Ourprimarytaskatpresentistodevelopnationaleconomyandpromotethelivingstandardofpeople.②Everyoneinthemissionshouldactontheplan.③ImightgiveyouanHDonthisassignment.【解析】task多指复杂困难的工作和整体规划。mission多指人担负的使命和承受的重担。assignment多指一个一个的小任务，例如作业，考核等。25.①参与亚太经合组织对中国的影响是多方面的。②这是一个困扰我们的问题，而且不仅仅因为它产生直接影响。【译文】①APEC’sinfluenceonChinawillbecomemanifestinseveralaspects.②Thisisamatterthattroublesusnotonlybecauseofitsimmediateimpact.【解析】influence可用于广义上的影响，既可以是积极的，也可以是消极的。impact多用于消极的影响。26.①您的建议我会永远铭记在心。②她的建议是，我们应轮流做这件事。③你是赞成还是反对这项建议？【译文】①Iwillalwaysbearyouradviceinmind.②Hersuggestionisthatweshoulddothisbyturn.③Areyoufororagainstthisproposal?【解析】advice多用于中肯可行的劝告和提醒，希望被建议者能够及时采纳。suggestion多用于提出具体做某件事的建议，仅供参考。proposal多用于建言献策，对公共事务和政府管理提议。27.①这次我们摸了一下美国军队的底。②请同志们摸一下农民用粮的底。③如果想摸底，这又是一个底，这是一个带根本性的底。④我和许多地方同志摸了这个底。⑤各民族党派什么情况，基层什么情况，恐怕你们这些负责人也不摸底。【译文】①ThistimewehavetakenmeasureoftheU.S.ArmedForces.②Pleaseinvestigatehowmuchgrainthefarmersactuallyconsume.③Ifyouwanttosoundusout,thereisonethingyouwilllearn,athingwhichisfundamentalinnature.④Togetherwithmanycomradesinthelocalities,Ihavemadeanestimate.⑤Howdothingsstandwithdemocraticpartiesandatthegrassroots?I’mafraidyouwhoareinresponsiblepositionshaven’taveryclearidea.28.①这辆摩托车很轻巧。②她动作很轻巧。③你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。【译文】①Themotorcycleislightandhandy.②Sheisnimbleinmovement.③Youtalkasifitwerejustawalkover.Whynottryyourselfandseeifyoucanbringbackatrophy,too?29.①中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。②为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。③他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。【译文】①Inhislifetime,XuXiake,agreattravelerinChina’sMingDynasty,toured16provinces,leavinghisfootmarksinnearlyeverycornerofthecountry.②Inordertogetadetailedandtruthfulpictureoftheplaceshevisited,heusuallytravelledonfootevenwhencarriagesandboatswereavailable.③Healwayspreferredtoventureintomountainousareaswithroughtracks,andintoforestsseldomvisitedbyhumanbeings.30.甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。乙：啊，真是不好意思。【译文】A:Thisisalittlegiftasatokenofmyappreciation.Pleasedotakeit.B:Oh,aren’tyouabittoopolite?Youshouldnotdothat.A:Well,itjustconveysmygratitude.B:Ah,thankyouthen,thoughIreallydonotdeserveit.31.①进一步改善投资环境。②调整消费结构，改善消费环境。【译文】①Weneedfurtherimprovetheinvestmentclimate.②Weneedtoadjusttheconsumptionpatternandimprovetheenvironmentforconsumption.三、对下列“假朋友”进行改译。1.oilskin油性皮肤【改译】油布2.goodseats好的座位【改译】好票3.maddoctor发疯的医生【改译】精神病医生4.bull’seye牛的眼睛【改译】靶心5.red-cap红帽子【改译】搬运服务人员6.redmeat红色的肉【改译】牛羊肉7.whiteday白色的天【改译】吉日8.bluecoat蓝色上衣【改译】警察9.fish-wife雌性鱼【改译】卖鱼妇，说话粗野的女人10.dogear狗耳朵【改译】书的折角11.familiartalk熟悉的谈话【改译】庸俗的交谈12.pullupone’ssocks拉上袜子【改译】鼓起勇气13.husbandlike像丈夫的【改译】善于管理农活的14.cock-and-bullstory鸡和牛的故事【改译】无稽之谈15.bitethethumbsat咬大拇指【改译】对……嗤之以鼻16.twice-toldtale讲过两次的故事【改译】老掉牙的故事17.divorcelawyer离婚的律师【改译】办理离婚案件的律师【解析】同理，criminallawyer是指刑事律师，而非犯罪的律师。18.busboy公汽售票员【改译】餐馆勤杂工19.heartman有心人【改译】换心人20.eleventhhour11点【改译】最后时刻21.blinddate盲目约会【改译】（由第三者安排的）男女初次会面22.deadpresident逝世的总统【改译】美钞（上印有总统头像）23.personalremark个人评论【改译】人身攻击24.sweetwater糖水，甜水【改译】淡水25.confidenceman信得过的人【改译】骗子26.servicestation服务站【改译】加油站27.restroom休息室【改译】厕所28.dressingroom试衣室，更衣室【改译】化妆室29.horsesense马的感觉【改译】常识30.capitalidea资本主义思想【改译】好主意31.blackart黑色艺术【改译】妖术32.blackstranger陌生的黑人【改译】完全陌生的人33.whitecoal白煤【改译】（作动力来源用的）水34.whiteman皮肤白的人【改译】忠实可靠的人35.bluestocking蓝色长统袜【改译】女学者、女才子36.Chinapolicy中国政策【改译】对华政策37.Chinesedragon中国龙【改译】麒麟38.Americanbeauty美国美女【改译】红蔷薇39.Englishdisease英国病【改译】软骨病40.Indiansummer印度的夏日【改译】愉快宁静的晚年41.Greekgift希腊礼物【改译】害人的礼品42.begreen-eyed绿眼睛【改译】嫉妒的【解析】源自莎士比亚名剧《奥赛罗》第3幕第3场中的台词“Oh!Beware,mylord,ofjealousy;It’sthegreen-eyedmonster...”43.Spanishathlete西班牙运动员【改译】吹牛的人44.Frenchchalk法国粉笔【改译】滑石粉45.宰客slaughtercustomers【改译】swindlemoneyfromcustomers46.自学self-learn【改译】self-taught47.寒衣coldclothes【改译】warmclothes48.（电脑）死机systemdead【改译】systemhalted49.彩票colorfultickets【改译】lottery50.风凉话coldword【改译】irresponsibleandsarcasticremarks51.扣帽子putahaton【改译】putalabelon52.大龄青年oldyouth【改译】singleyouthabovethenormalmatrimonialage53.赢得市场gainmarket【改译】gainalargershareofthemarket54.定向培训trainingforcertaindirec