宁波大学考博英语历年真题详解



2011年宁波大学考博英语真题及详解

SectionⅠ UseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Amongthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethose

whichareusually(1)_____assciencefiction.(2)_____oftitlesarepublished

everyyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeople.(3)_____,someofthemost

successfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeen(4)_____sciencefictionstories.

Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynew

(5)_____inliterature,butitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswritten

hundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcerned(6)_____the

presentationofsomeformofidealsociety,athemewhichisstilloften

(7)_____inmodernsocieties.

Mostofthe(8)_____sciencefiction,(9)_____,havebeen

writtenwithinthelastonehundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVeme

andH.G.Wells,to(10)_____justtwowell-knownauthors,havebeentranslated

intomanylanguages.

Modernsciencefictionwritersdon’t(11)_____aboutmen

fromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredicting

theresultsoftechnologicaldevelopments(12)_____societyandthehumanmind;

or(13)_____imaginingfutureworldswhichare(14)_____oftheworldwelive

innow.(15)_____this,theirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.

(16)_____anagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakes

sciencefiction,thewritersmayfinditdifficulttokeep(17)_____scientific

advances.Thosewhoare(18)_____clear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoing,

however,mayprovidevaluablelessonon(19)_____todealwiththeproblems

whichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnologyand

cometo(20)_____withacontinuallychangingviewoftheworld.

1.[A]classified

[B]collected

[C]separated

[D]divided

2.[A]Hundred

[B]Ahundred

[C]Hundreds

[D]Thehundred

3.[A]Otherwise

[B]However

[C]Besides

[D]Except

4.[A]dependedon

[B]establishedon

[C]basedon

[D]madeon

5.[A]development

[B]improvement

[C]advance

[D]change

6.[A]on

[B]about

[C]at

[D]with

7.[A]appeared

[B]found

[C]placed

[D]put

8.[A]celebrities

[B]copies

[C]classics

[D]articles

9.[A]whereas

[B]therefore

[C]however

[D]moreover

10.[A]suggest

[B]speak

[C]refer

[D]mention

11.[A]say

[B]write

[C]tell

[D]describe

12.[A]in

[B]on

[C]from

[D]of

13.[A]in

[B]about

[C]on

[D]of

14.[A]animpression

[B]areflection

[C]adescription

[D]animitation

15.[A]Insteadof

[B]Becauseof

[C]Inadditionto

[D]Inspiteof

16.[A]In

[B]Through

[C]During

[D]At

17.[A]infrontof

[B]previousto

[C]aheadof

[D]before

18.[A]enough

[B]sufficiently

[C]too

[D]necessarily

19.[A]why

[B]whether

[C]when

[D]how

20.[A]terms

[B]understanding

[C]agreements

[D]realization

【答案与解析】

1.A classify分类为；collect收集；separate分隔；divide划分；除；分开。这里句意应该是：当今最受欢迎的书是那些通常被归类为科幻小说的书。选项A符合句意要求，因此答案选A。

2.C hundredsof成千上万的，固定搭配。每年都有成百上千的科幻小说被出版，被各种各样的人阅读。

3.C 根据上下文可知前后部分的逻辑关系是递进关系。otherwise和however都表示让步关系，应该填besides（除此之外）表示递进，答案选C。

4.C bebasedon“建立在……基础上”，固定搭配。句意是：近来一些最成功的电影都是根据科幻小说翻拍的。C选项符合句意表达，因此选项C正确。

5.A adevelopmentinliterature意为“文学中的一个发展”。improvement提升，提高。advance发展；前进。change改变。这里development更符合句意要求，科幻小说是文学的一个新发展，答案选A。

6.D beconcernedwith涉及，关于；固定搭配。beconcernedabout关心，挂念；A和C选项一般不与concern搭配使用。句意是：这些书通常是关于一些理想社会的表现形式。

7.B 根据上下文可知句意是：这种主题在现代社会也经常能找到。因此befoundin最符合句意要求，答案选B。

8.C celebrity名人；copy复印本；classic名著；经典著作；article文章。这里表达的意思是：最经典的科幻小说是在过去100年里出现的。因此C选项是正确答案。

9.D 上文说“现代社会的书籍也有很多这样的主题”，下文又说“最经典的科幻小说出现在过去100年里”，分析可知两者存在对比转折的逻辑关系，因此答案选D，however然而，表示转折。

10.D tomention提到，提及；表示举例子，在这里用作插入语。句意是：就拿JulesVeme和H.G.威尔斯两个著名作家来说，他们的书已经被翻译成许多语言。

11.B 句意：现代科幻小说作家不写火星人或太空冒险故事。本空格处应该填入动词write，正确答案选B。

12.B resulton对于……的结果（影响）。这里表达的意思是：他们更感兴趣的是预测科技发展对社会和人类思维产生的结果（影响）。根据句意可知答案选B。

13.A 根据上文中出现的beinterested

inpredicting…以及空格后的imagining可以知道这两个动名词都是与be

interestedin搭配的，因此空格处也应填入介词in，答案选A。

14.B impression印象；reflection反映；description描述；imitation模仿。句意：现代科幻小说作家喜欢想象反映当今社会的未来世界。B选项最符合句意要求，因此答案选B。

15.B 根据句意分析可知上下文存在因果关系，所以答案应该填becauseof（因为；由于）。正因为如此，他们的作品有个明显的政治寓意。

16.A age时代；一般与介词in搭配使用，表示“在一个什么样的时代”，因此答案选A。

17.C keepaheadof保持对……的领先地位，保持胜过；句意：在这样一个科学事实经常超过科幻小说的时代，作者们可能会发现很难超过科学的进步。因此答案选C，构成固定搭配。

18.B sufficiently足够地；enough也表示“足够地”，但修饰形容词时一般位于形容词之后。因此本空格处应填sufficiently，修饰形容词clear-sighted，答案选B。

19.D howtodealwith固定句型结构，意为“怎样处理应对”。这里表达的大意是：如何应对社会在科技发展中无法避免的问题。

20.A cometotermswith达成协定；妥协；让步，固定搭配。该长句句意是：然而，那些足够有远见的人看到我们前进的道路，可能会给我们提供宝贵的教训，告诉我们如何应对社会在试图掌握新技术时不可避免的问题，并与不断变化的世界观点达成一致。

SectionⅡ ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthe

questionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

ItwasnoaccidentthatnineteenthcenturynaturalistCharlesDarwinstrove

toconnectthementalityandemotionalityofpeoplewiththatofdogs,rather

than,say,dovesorhorses.Neitherhistheoryofevolutionnoranygeneral

understandingofbiologydemandedthatthepreferentiallyunderlineour

similaritytodogsoverotherspecies.Butpoliticallyandemotionally,the

choicewasinevitableforanEnglishgentlemanwhohadsethimselfthetaskof

makingtheideaofevolutionarycontinuitypalatable.Darwinwrotethat“Dogs

possesssomethingverysimilartoaconscience.Theycertainlypossesssome

powerofself-command.Dogshavelongbeenacceptedastheverytypeof

fidelityandobedience.”

Darwinwasnotaloneinhisbeliefsthatdogpossesshuman

virtues.Thecharacteristicsofloyaltyandobedience,coupledwithan

expressivefaceandbody,canaccountforwhydogsaresuchpopularandvalued

petsinmanycultures.Dependingonthebreedandtheindividual,dogscanbe

noble,charming,affectionate,andreliable.Butwhilealldogownersshould

rightlyappreciatetheseandotherendearingtraitsintheirpets,nothingsays

thattheclevernessofahighlyintelligentprimatesuchasachimpanzeeis

partofthepackage.Scientistsgenerallybelievethereasoningabilitiesof

chimpstobeconsiderablygreaterthanthatofdogs.Butmanypeople

nonethelessbelievethatdogsaresmarterthanchimpspreciselybecause

ofourfamiliarityandemotionaltieswiththedogsthatwelove.Weapplythe

samesecretrulestoourfellowhumans:theold

in-group,out-groupstory.Peopleinyourin-grouparethosewhoaresimilarto

you,eitherbecausetheybelongtothesameorganizationsasyou,orenjoythe

sameactivities,or,andthisisthekicker,becausetheyaresimplyaround

moreoften.Dogs,becauseoftheirproximitytotheirowners,aredefinitely

in.Theintensityofourrelationshipwithdogscausesus,quitenaturally,to

imbuethemwithhigh-levelmentalabilities,whethertheyhaveearnedthose

extraintelligencepointsornot.Welikethem,sowethinkwellofthem.

21.Theauthorofthis

passagedevelopsanargumentbyrelyingon_____.

[A]personalexperience

[B]scientificobservation

[C]historicalcontextualization

[D]directquotation

22.Thephrase“Itwas

noaccident”impliesthattheauthorbelievesthatDarwin_____.

[A]knewthattheresemblancebetweendogsand

humanscouldnotbeaccountedforbyhistheory

[B]exploitedthesympathiesofhisaudiencetogain

supportforhistheory

[C]believedthatthewaypreviousauthorshavewritten

aboutdogswasinaccurate

[D]wishedtoconvincethepublictocelebratethevirtues

ofdogs

23.Theitalic‘believe’

inthemiddleofthispassagemostdirectlyemphasize_____.

[A]amisguidedideathatisbecomingobsolete

[B]anegativeviewthatscientistsadopttowardlaypeople

[C]thecontroversialnatureofanalternativetheory

[D]theintensityofaconvictionbasedonsentiment

24.Thispassageuses

thewordof“old”(inbold)tosuggestthatthe“story”is_____.

[A]familiar

[B]historic

[C]tiresome

[D]outdated

【答案与解析】

21.D 文章第一段最后一句提到：Darwin

wrotethat“Dogspossesssomethingverysimilartoaconscience…”，可知作者是直接引用了达尔文提出的论点，因此本题答案选D。

22.D 定位至文章第一段第一句话“Itwasno

accidentthatnineteenthcenturynaturalistCharlesDarwinstrovetoconnect

thementalityandemotionalityofpeoplewiththatofdogs,ratherthan,say,

dovesorhorses.”。句意是：达尔文力图把人类的思想状况和情感与狗联系起来，而不是和比如鸽子或者马联系起来，这不是偶然。可以知道达尔文对狗的一些品质表示赞扬，D选项描述符合原文意思，因此答案选D。

23.D 斜体的believe出现在文章第二段第六句中，句意是：但是，许多人认为狗比黑猩猩聪明，正是因为我们对狗的熟悉和情感联系。这表明我们对狗的高度赞赏是因为我们对其的情感，而不一定是事实。因此believe强调的是一种基于情感的信念的强度，选项D正确。

24.B 文章第二段第七句提到“Weapply

thesamesecretrulestoourfellowhumans:theoldin-group,out-groupstory.”，可以推测出old表示“有历史意义的，久远的”，选项B符合句意要求，因此答案选B。

Text2

ApartfromtheMoonandoccasionalcometsandasteroids,

Venusisoftenournearestneighbor.ItsorbitbringsitclosertoEarththan

anyotherplanetonly26millionmilesawayatcertaintimes.Despitethat

proximity,foralongtimeitwasgenerallytermed“theplanetofmystery.”

ThisisbecausetheatmosphereofVenusissodenseandsocloud-ladedthatits

surfaceispermanentlyhiddenfromsight.

ThefirstattempttolearnmoreaboutVenuswastoanalyze

itsupperatmosphereusingspectroscopicmethods.In

sizeandmass,VenusisalmosttheequalofEarth,anditsgravitationalfield

isonlyslightlyweakerthanours,sothatlogicallyitmightbeexpectedto

havethesamekindofatmospherebutthisisemphaticallynotso.Scientists

foundthatthemainconstituentofitsatmosphereiscarbondioxide.Sincethis

isaheavygasthatwouldbeexpectedtosink,itwasreasonabletoassumethat

carbondioxidemadeupmostoftheatmospheredowntogroundlevel.Carbon

dioxideactsinthemannerofagreenhouse,trappingtheSun'sheat,soit

followedthatVenuswaslikelytobeaverytorridsortofworld.

Yetopinionsdiffered.Accordingtoonetheory,theclouds

containedagreatdealofwater.Itwasevenclaimedthatthesurfacemightbe

largelyoceancovered,inwhichcasetheatmospherecarbondioxidewouldhave

fouledthewaterandproducedseasofsodawater.Anotherintriguingtheory

madeVenusverysimilartotheEarthofover200millionyearsago.Therewouldbemarshes,luxuriantvegetationofthefernand

horsetailvariety,andprimitivelife-formssuchasgiantdragonflies.Ifso,

thenVenusmightpresumablyevolvethesamewayEarthhasdone.

In1962the

AmericanprobeMariner2bypassedVenusatlessthan22,000milesandgaveus

ourfirstreliableinformation.Thesurfaceprovedtobeveryhotindeed;wenow

knowthatthemaximumtemperatureisalmost500~C.Theatmospherereallyis

almostpurecarbondioxide,andthoseshiningcloudsarerichinsulfuricacid.

Allideasofapleasant,oceanicVenushadtobeabandoned.In1975Venera9,a

Russianautomaticlander,visitedVenusandsentbackpicturesdirectlyfrom

thesurface.Thescenearocky,scorchedlandscapecouldhardlybemore

hostile.Subsequentprobeshaveconfirmedthisimpression.

WhyisVenussounlikeEarth?Theanswercanonlylieinits

lesserdistancefromtheSun.

ItseemsthatintheearlydaysofthesolarsystemtheSunwaslessluminous

thanitisnow,inwhichcaseVenusandEarthmayhavestartedtoevolvealong

thesamelines,butwhentheSunbecamemorepowerfulthewholesituation

changed.Earth,at93millionmiles,wasjustoutofharm’sway,butVenus,at

67million,wasnot.Thewaterinoceansvaporized,thecarbonatesweredriven

outoftherocks,andinarelativelyshorttimeonthecosmicscale,Venuswas

transformedfromapotentiallylife-bearingworldintotheinfernooftoday.

25.Theprimarypurpose

ofthispassageisto_____.

[A]criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmystery

[B]speculateaboutlifeonanotherworld

[C]lamentthefailureofacompellingtheory

[D]illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearch

26.Thestatement“In

size...so”(underlinedinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto_____.

[A]discussaplausiblesupposition

[B]mockanshockingclaim

[C]improveanacceptedopinion

[D]summarizeaparticularexperiment

27.Theprimarypurpose

ofthethirdparagraphisto_____.

[A]provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheory

[B]challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenus

[C]suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughout

history

[D]presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenus

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould

...dragonflies”(underlinedinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatement

couldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?

[A]Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.

[B]Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.

[C]Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.

[D]Creaturesareabletoflywithease.

29.Thestatementin

“In1962...information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe_____.

[A]qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientists

[B]evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthy

[C]recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientists

rediscoveredthem

[D]probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynew

theory

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...

Sun”(underlinedinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas_____.

[A]regretful

[B]skeptical

[C]decisive

[D]amused

【答案与解析】

25.A 通读全文可知本文对金星神秘之谜进行了探讨，分别对各方理论说法进行了客观分析。作者利用科学事实和实验结论证实了自己的观点，同时驳斥对方不合理的理由依据和不合逻辑的论证手段。A选项表述符合文章主旨要求，因此答案选A。

26.A 定位到文章第二段“Insizeand

mass,VenusisalmosttheequalofEarth,andits…”，这里将金星和地球进行类比做出一些推断，但是这个类比结果作者并不支持，but之后给出了答案。因此A选项“讨论一个貌似合理的假设”正确表述了该句的作用，答案选A。

27.B 文章第三段以“Yetopinions

differed”开头，提出了另外两个不同的理论。根据第三段最后一句“Ifso,thenVenusmightpresumablyevolvethe

samewayEarthhasdone”，如果这两种理论是真的，那么金星应该和地球有一样的进化发展过程。言下之意是这两个理论仅仅是猜测而已，不是正确的。选项B的表述与原文意思相符，答案选B。

28.B 该假设认为金星上有沼泽、蕨类植物繁茂的植物和马尾品种，还有像巨型蜻蜓这样的原始生命形式。如果这个假设是正确的，那么B选项“金星上大气是纯二氧化碳”就是错误的，因此答案选B。

29.B 文章第四段第一句提到“In1962the

AmericanprobeMariner2bypassedVenusatlessthan22,000milesandgaveus

ourfirstreliableinformation.”，意思是：1962年，美国探测器“水手2号”在不到2.2万英里的范围内绕过金星，给了我们第一个可靠的信息。first表明之前提到的理论证据都是不可信的，B选项表述符合原文意思，因此答案选B。

30.C 文章最后一段用设问的方式自问自答揭开了金星神秘之谜。在“Theanswercanonlylieinitslesserdistancefromthe

Sun.”一句中，only表明了作者答案的确定性。C选项decisive（坚定的，果断的）正确表达了句子语气，因此答案选C。

Text3

Togreatacclaim,WangYinglaiandhisteamatthe

InstituteofBiochemistryinShanghaiannounced,in1965,thattheyhad

synthesizedbiologicallyactiveinsulin.Similarresearchwasbeingconducted

inlabsintheUnitedStatesandacrossEurope,butWang’sdiscoverywaswell

inadvanceofhisrivals,andusheredinaneweraofsyntheticproteins.This

example,unfortunately,istheexceptionratherthantheruleforChinese

science.Chinahasalongwaytogotoberecognizedasaleadingscientific

country,butrapidprogressisbeingmade.

ModernscientificresearchdidnotbegininChinauntilthe

earlytwentiethcentury.ThefoundingoftheAcademiaSinicaanditsassociated

researchinstitutesin1928signifieditsbeginning,butitsactivitywas

seriouslydisruptedbyintermittentwarsandpoliticalturmoil.Sciencehashad

littlechancetotakehold.

Now,giventhesoundnessoftheChineseeconomy,thesteady

increaseinthegovernment'sfundingforbasicandappliedresearch,andthe

generalappreciationoftheimportanceofscientificdevelopment,thetimehas

comeforChinatomakeitspresencefeltontheinternationalresearchstage.

IhavehelpedtobuildseveralacademicprogramsinChina

duringthepasttwodecades,andInowbelievethattheremainingobstaclesto

Chineseresearchinstitutionsachievingexcellenceareculturalratherthan

economic.

AuthorityversusCreativity

TheConfuciantraditionofrespectingcustomsandhierarchy

hascastalongshadowovermodernChina.Authoritarianruleandpolitical

conformityinthepastdecadeshavehamperedthecreationofanenvironment

thatfostersindividualcreativity.Deferencetoauthorityandtoexisting

paradigmsisamajorbarriertoscientificbreakthrough.

ScienceeducationinChinaisextensiveandrigorous,and

haswonuniversalpraise.Butittakesmorethanthistocultivatescientists;students

shouldbeinspiredtopursueknowledgeitself,andahabitofraisingquestions

needstobefostered.Challengestoexistingevidence,hypothesesandconcepts,

howeverI,oughttobeencouragedandseriouslyaddressed.

Respectforauthoritiesandthespiritofconformityleave

theirmarkonthestyleofscientificresearchaswell.Researchprogramsin

ChinaoftencloselyfollowexistinglinesofresearchintheWest,using

similarparadigms.Thisoftenleadstocompetitionatadisadvantage.

ColleaguesinChinaoftencomplainthattheirresultsare

notappreciated,whereassimilarworkperformedinWesterncountriesis

publishedinhigh-profilejournals.

Strengtheningtheuniquenessoftheirworkwillincrease

itsvisibility,aswillimprovingitspresentation.AttheInstituteof

NeuroscienceinShanghai,wegiveregularscientific-writingclasses,using

draftsofmanuscriptstoillustratehowtoimproveclarityandprecision.

Theseskillsareimportant,butultimatelyitisconfidence

andskillinattackingimportantproblemsattheforefrontofsciencethatwill

leadtomajordiscoveriesandinternationalrecognition.

CriticalscientificexchangeisrarelyseeninChina,

especiallyinpublic.YetopenandFrankdialogueisurgentlyneededtomakescientific

conferencesinChinanotjustfriendlygatheringsbutintellectualeventsthat

stimulateideas.Unduecourtesymaybeindispensibleformaintainingthe

ConfucianorderinatraditionalChinesefamily,butitisdetrimentalto

researchinstitutions.Onewaytoovercomethismightbefortheorganizersof

scientificmeetingstobeginwiththestatementthatcriticalornegative

commentsaretobetakenasconstructiveinputs.

Theattitudetowardscritiqueisalsorelevanttothe

submissionofscientificpaperstointernationaljournals.Criticalcommentsby

refereesmayatfirstglanceseemunfairorhostile.Researcherswouldbenefit

fromamorepositiveapproach:itisoftenusefultoreflectuponthecomments

andthengobacktothelaboratorybench,ratherthanspendingthepaper

immediatelytoadifferentjournalwithoutmuchimprovement.Forexample,

investigatorsfromtheInstituteofNeurosciencehavemadegreateffortsto

improvethequalityoftheworkuponrejectionoftheirpapers,andthis

approachhasbeenrewardedbyamarkedincreaseinthenumberofpublications

inhigh-qualityjournalsinthepastfewyears.

31.ThefindingofWang

andhisteamis_____thatofotherresearchersaroundtheworld.

[A]muchbetterthan

[B]similarto

[C]somehowpoorerthan

[D]Notalloftheabove

32.Whatmarkedupthe

startofscientificresearchinChina?

[A]WangYinglaiandhisteam

[B]Confuciusculture

[C]theestablishmentofAcademiaSinica

[D]disruptionofintermittentwars

33.Accordingtothe

author,whichmainlyhindersChinesescientistsfromindividualcreativity?

[A]Strongcouragetochallengeauthorityandexisting

paradigms

[B]Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformity

[C]Chineseeconomy

[D]Thegovernment’sfunding

34.ForChinesescientists,asthispassage

shows,whichreasonisnotamongtheonescausingthelowchancesofpublishing

resultsinternationally?

[A]Westernresearchersdonotappreciatetheirresults

[B]Lackofuniqueness

[C]Uncommontohaveregularscientificwritingcourses

[D]Raretoseecriticalscientificexchange

35.Whichtypeof

attitudeshouldwriterstakewhenreadingcritiquesofpeerreviews?

[A]hostile

[B]positiveandthankful

[C]indifferent

[D]worrisome

【答案与解析】

31.A 文章第一段第二句提到“butWang’s

discoverywaswellinadvanceofhisrivals,andusheredinaneweraof

syntheticproteins”但是王的发现远远超过他的竞争对手，并开创了合成蛋白质的新纪元，由此可知本题答案应该选A。

32.C 文章第二段第二句提到“the

foundingoftheAcademiaSinicaanditsassociatedresearchinstitutesin1928

signifieditsbeginning”，AcademiaSinica及其相关研究所的成立标志着中国科学研究的开始，因此本题答案选C。

33.B 文章第五段第二句提到“Authoritarian

ruleandpoliticalconformityinthepastdecadeshavehamperedthecreationof

anenvironmentthatfostersindividualcreativity.”，过去几十年的威权统治和政治一致性阻碍了创造个人创造力的环境。因此B选项符合题意要求，答案选B。

34.C 文章倒数第四段最后一句提到“Atthe

InstituteofNeuroscienceinShanghai,wegiveregularscientific-writing

classes,usingdraftsofmanuscriptstoillustratehowtoimproveclarityand

precision”，在上海的神经科学研究所，我们提供定期的科学写作课程。由此可知C选项描述的理由并不是中国研究在国际上出版率低的原因，C选项符合题意要求，因此答案选C。

35.B 文章最后一段第三句提到“Researchers

wouldbenefitfromamorepositiveapproach:itisoftenusefultoreflectupon

thecommentsandthengobacktothelaboratorybench”，意思是：研究人员会从一种更积极的方法中受益：对这些评论进行反思，然后回到实验室做实验，这通常十分有益。从中可以知道与研究人员应该用积极和反思的态度来面对同行的批评，因此本题答案选B。

Text4

Readthefollowingtwo

lettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOne

To:DrABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber

Title...

Authors...

DearDrBrown,

Thepaperdescribes...This

isatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedin

themanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretation

andreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.Relatedto

thisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsofthe

Methods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationof

theliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbut

believethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhas

incorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981)]whoactuallyshowedthat...

Methods

Factorsrelevanttothe

choiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doesthe

ageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

Themainclaimbythe

authors,thattheirResultsshowedthat...isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthat

theresultsshow...,needscorrection.

Discussion

Relevantreferences

seemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,

including...

Otherqueriesand

suggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely.

CDSmith

LetterTwo

From:DrABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDrZhu,

Ienclosethereferees’

reports,onyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontains

muchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthat,itneedsconsiderable

revisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattention

thefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

·TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficient

information,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

·TheresultsinTables1and2areclosely

relatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

·The

conclusionthatisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberof

organismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

·The

resultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreact/requiresanothersurvey.If

thisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

·ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,

asindicatedonthetypescript.

·The

Discussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevant

publications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘......’intheJournalof...

·The

conclusionisinterestingbut;canbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,the

findingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof...,

astudydone,intheUSA.Theworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyof

itskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareother

commentsintheenclosed,reports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetothe

Englishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelines

suggestedandresubmitby...,thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityfor

publicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.However,

additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardto

hearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,

ABBrown

36.Byintegrating

LetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis_____.

[A]Referee1.

[B]Referee2.

[C]Editor

[D]Unclear.

37.AccordingtoLetter

One,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

[A]No.

[B]Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

[C]Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

[D]No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

38.Tworefereesboth

agreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis_____.

[A]problematicwithinadequateinformation

[B]well-written

[C]overlydelicate

[D]Notwellfocused

39.DifferentfromRefereel,Referee2also

addressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike_____.

[A]“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrong

positivecorrelation”

[B]“Elaboratinguponthispart”

[C]“Beingmorefocused”

[D]“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

40.Afterfinishingup

therequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill_____.

[A]undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

[B]bedirectlyaccepted

[C]stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

[D]notmentionedintheletter

【答案与解析】

36.B 根据第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“Relevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboth

theIntroductionandDiscussionsections”（在介绍和讨论环节中，相关的参考文献似乎都被忽略了）以及第二封信对referee2的描述“TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnot

includesomeimportantrelevantpublications”（讨论的焦点不太集中，也不包括一些重要的相关出版物）和一些其它要点描述，我们可以推测出第一封信的作者就是referee2，因此答案选B。

37.A 第一封信中第一段最后一句提到“I

recommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatit

maybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision”可知目前这篇论文无法通过审核，不会被接受，需要做大量修改，因此答案选A。

38.A referee1认为“theMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation”（方法部分信息不够全面），referee2也认为“thereareinadequaciesin