人教版英语中考专题九　动词的时态与语态

专题九动词的时态与语态

第一讲

动词的六种时态特别注意※

现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，主要说明现在的情况；而一般过去时只强调过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系。如：Ihaveopenedthewindow.我已经把窗户打开了。(现在还开着)Iopenedthewindowjustnow.我刚才打开了窗户。(指“打开”的动作刚发生，并未说明现在是否开着)。※

一般过去时强调过去发生过的动作，表示动作结束了，侧重于事实；过去进行时表示动作在过去某个时刻或某时段内正在进行，强调动作的持续性和未完成性。如：Idrewapictureformymotherasherbirthdaygiftlastnight.昨晚我给妈妈画了一幅画，作为她的生日礼物。(强调画完了的事实)Iwasdrawingapictureformymotherasherbirthdaygiftwhenyoucalledmelastnight.昨晚你给我打电话的时候，我正在给妈妈画一幅画，作为她的生日礼物。(不一定画完了，强调画的动作)

①

在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，若主句是一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时。如：WewillclimbtheMountTaibainextweekifit'ssunny.如果下周天气晴朗，我们就去爬太白山。I'llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoNewYorktomorrow.我明天一到纽约就给你写信。拓展提示②

一些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(一般会有一个表示将来时间的状语)。常见的此类动词有：come,go,begin,arrive,leave,start,end,close,open等。如：Thesportsmeetingbeginsat8：30a．m.thedayaftertomorrow.运动会后天早上八点半开始。Thenexttrainleavesat7o'clockthisevening.下一趟火车将在今晚七点离开。③

现在进行时与always,continually,forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这一用法常表达说话人的某种感情(赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等)。如：Theboyisalwayslaughingathissister.这个男孩总是嘲笑他的妹妹。④

现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for,since等引导的时间状语连用。若要与一段时间连用，要将瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的此类动词有：非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinishbeoverdiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldputonweargetupbeupwakeupawakefallasleepbeasleeplosenothavejoinbeinleavebeawayarrive/reachbe【即时自测】1)Hisgrandfather______(do)morningexercisesat6：40a．m.everyday.2)TheSmithsloveChinaverymuch.They_______(come)toShanghaiin2010.3)Bequiet!Thestudents_____________(have)thefinalexaminthenextclassroom.4)I_____________(visit)theShaanxiHistoryMuseumthreetimes.I'velearnedalotthere.doescamearehavinghavevisited5)—Haveyouevergoneabroad,Selina?—Yes,I_________inBerlinforsixmonthslastyeartostudyfurther.A.hadstayed

B.stayC.stayedD.havestayed6)—Lucy,whereisyourfathernow?Goandaskhimtohelpmecarrythebigbox.—Justamoment,please.He________ane－mailinthestudy.A.writesB.iswritingC.wroteD.waswritingCB7)IthinkthatMissLin______usEnglishthenexttermbecauseshewantstostudyfurtherinLondon.A.teachesB.doesn'tteachC.willteachD.won'tteach8)AlthoughLuYao_____formanyyears,hiswork,TheOrdinaryWorld,stillhasagreatinfluenceonyoungpeopletoday.A.diedB.wasdyingC.hasdiedD.hasbeendeadDD第二讲动词的被动语态1.常见的被动结构时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are＋动词过去分词Thedeskiscleanedbythislittlegirl.一般过去时was/were＋动词过去分词Thetreeswereplantedbyuslastyear.一般将来时will/shallbe＋动词过去分词Thegardenwillbebuiltnextmonth.现在进行时am/is/are＋

being＋动词过去分词Abridgeisbeingbuilt.现在完成时have/has＋been＋动词过去分词Thebreakfasthasbeencookedbymymomforus.含情态动词情态动词＋be＋动词过去分词Thistaskmustbefinishedontime.拓展提示主动结构表示被动意义的情况：①

动词open,write,sell,read等作不及物动词，且它们的主语是物。如：Thiskindofcomicbookssellswellinthisbookstore.这种连环漫画册在这家书店卖得很好。②

感官动词(smell,taste,look,feel,sound等)常用来描述某物的特性。如：Thevoiceofthebirdssoundsgoodinthemorning.

早晨，这种鸟的叫声听起来很悦耳。③

固定用法“need/require＋

doing”相当于“need/require＋

tobedone”，

tobedone是不定式的被动语态。如：Yourcarneedswashing.＝Yourcarneedstobewashed.你的车该洗了。④固定用法：beworthdoing中的doing表示被动意义。如：Hangzhouisreallyworthvisitinginone'slifetime.在我们的一生中，杭州真的值得一去。2.特殊被动语态的用法

类别结构例句主动语态中省to的动词变被动语态时，要将省去的to补上Theworkersweremadetowork8hoursaday.工人们被要求每天工作八小时。含双宾语的动词把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；把指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词Iwasgivenachancetobeanexchangestudent.＝

Achancewasgiventometobeanexchangestudent.我得到了一个做交换生的机会。含短语的动词短语是“动词＋介词”或“动词＋副词”，变被动语态时，介词和副词不能丢Theyoungmanwassentawayfromschool.这个年轻人被送离了学校。【即时自测】1)Thepetdogislovely.It___________(treat)asadaughterofmyfamily.2)Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople'slifealotsinceit_______________(invent)．3)In2022,theWinterOlympicGames____________(hold)inBeijingandZhangjiakou.4)—WhenshallIhandinmyreport?—Assoonasit______________(finish)tomorrow.istreatedwasinventedwillbeheldisfinished5)Mum,Iwonderifmybedroom_______________(paint)purple.Itismyfavoritecolor.6)HarryPotterisafamousbookandit____________________(translate)intodifferentlanguages.7)—Waiter,I'dlikeaglassoffreshgrapejuice.—Sorry,miss.Grapejuice________onlyinsummerdays.A.servesB.servedC.areservedD.isserved

willbepaintedis/hasbeentranslatedD8)WiththedevelopmentandinfluenceofChinaontheothercountries,ConfuciusInstitutes_________aroundtheworld.A.buildB.arebuiltC.builtD.willbebuilt9)Thenaughtyboywasmade_______fromeighttotenintheeveninginthepast.A.studyB.studiedC.tostudyD.studyingBC10)—CanItakethisbooktothedormitory,teacher?—No,it_______outofthereadingroom.A.willtakeB.shouldbetakenC.mustn'tbetakenD.mustn'ttakeC1.China'sY－20heavytransportaircraft(重型运输机)_______itsfirstairborneandairdelivery(空投)training.A.hasachieved

B.achieveC.achievesD.willachieve2.Monica,you________theexam!Congratulations!A.passB.havepassedC.willpassD.arepassingAB3.—Didyouhaveanyplansfortonight?—Yes,I____atthenewItalianrestaurantintown.A.eatB.haveeatenC.ateD.amgoingtoeat4.—WhenwillUncleSamcometoseeus?—He'llvisitusthisweekend.He____methatbyemail.A.toldB.istoldC.willtellD.hastoldDA5.Robots_______moreheavyworkforusinthefuture.A.willdoB.didC.havedoneD.weredoing6.—What'syourplanforyourvacation?—We_______toHongKongforavisit.A.wereflyingB.haveflownC.willflyD.flyAC7.Iambusynow,soI____toyouafterschoolthisafternoon.A.talkB.talkedC.willtalkD.havetalked8.—WhatdidYangYingsay?—Shesaidthey____aschooltripthenextweekend.A.willhaveB.hadC.wouldhaveD.haveCC9．

—Mr.King________bythereporteryesterday.—He'sgreat!Hehelpedsomanydisabledpeople.A.wasinterviewedB.isinterviewedC.interviewsD.interviewed10.—Theteachingbuildingisverycleanthesedays.—It________byeveryclasseveryday.A.iscleanedB.cleansC.iscleaningD.willbecleanedAA11．

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