人教版（2023）必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking同步练习（含答案）

第第页人教版（2023）必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingandThinking同步练习（含答案）Unit4ReadingandThinking

一、必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobe(flood)withobjects.

2.Manypeoplehavemadeproposalsonhowtopreventthetemplefrombeing(damage).

3.Thecitygovernmenttookallkindsofurgentmeasurestorescuethepeople(trap)inthesnowstorm.

4.Itisapitythatthe500-year-oldwoodentower(destroy)inthefirelastyear.

5.(rescue)thedrowningboy,thesoldierjumpedintothelakewithouthesitation.

6.Tiredandshortof(breathe),AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.

7.WesternersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancientChinese(wise)tomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternphilosophy.

8.Deeply(affect)byhisstory,manyyoungpeoplebegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.

Ⅱ.短语填空

blowaway,getawayfrom,digout,inshock,sufferfrom,inruins

1.Soonastrongwindpassedthroughandthecloudsinthesky.

2.Twohourslater,thesailorsthesinkingshiponalittleboat.

3.Hewasstillfromwhathadhappenedearlierintheafternoon.

4.Theyhealthproblemsandfearthelong-termeffectsofradiation(辐射).

5.Aftertheheavyfloodtwomonthsago,thewholevillagewasleft.

6.ItwasreportedthatanAmericancouplehadalotofgoldcoinsfromtheirownyard.

Ⅲ.单句写作

1.这道数学题太难了,我自己做不出来。(too...to...)

Themathproblemisformeallbymyself.

2.那个男孩有点害怕,因此他让灯整个晚上都亮着。(have...doing)

Theboywasalittleafraid,soheallnightlong.

3.天气这么暖和,看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(asif)

Itissowarmthatitseemsspringalready.

4.他们无论到什么地方都会受到热烈的欢迎。(everywhere)

,theyreceivedwarmwelcome.

5.我喜欢早晨锻炼,因为空气呼吸起来很新鲜。

Iliketoworkoutinthemorning,becausetheairis.

二、能力素养提升练

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

Nobodyexpectsanaturaldisastertostrike.Neitherdoesanyoneknowtheimpactitcanhaveonlife.Thefollowingmeasurescansaveyourlifeinanemergency.

Typhoon

TyphoonsoccurinthenorthwesternPacificOcean,particularlyinexposedregionsliketheCarolineIslands,thePhilippines,andJapan.Thebestplacetohideduringatyphoonisasecurebasementorabathroomwithnowindows.Amust-havedeviceisabattery-poweredweatherradio,throughwhichyouwillhearevacuationordersorinothercases,instructionsonhowtosurviveinyourshelterandlearnabouttheweathersituation.

Flood

Floodsoccurmoreoftenthananyothernaturaldisasterandchangethelandscapedramatically.Theyareusuallycausedbyintenserainfallslastingfordays.Don’ttrytobethebravestpersonaroundandstayinyourhouse.Onceyouheartheevacuationwarning,leaveforsaferhighergroundswithyourimportantpapersinawaterproofcontainer.

Avalanche

AnavalanchecanhitwhenyouareenjoyingAlpineskiinginadreamlikelocation.Itisveryfastanddisastrous,buryingeverythinginitswayundertonsofsnow.Whenanavalanchestarts,trytomovetothesideoftheslopeasfastasyoucan.Ifyougetburiedinthesnow,diganairpockettobeabletokeepbreathing.Waitfortherescueteamtofindyouanddon’twasteyourenergyshoutingordiggingfrantically.Calloutwhenyouheartheteamapproaching.

Wildfire

Wildfiresspreadatanamazingspeedanddestroyeverythingintheirway.Ifyouarecaughtinawildfire,useawetclothtocoveryournoseandmouthtoensurethatyoucanbreathe.Trytostayupwindofthefireatalltimesandgetclosetoapondorriver.Staylowandcoveryourselfwithwetclothing,ablanket,orsoiluntilthefirepasses.

1.Amongthefournaturaldisasters,whichonerequirespeopletohideindoors

A.Typhoon.B.Flood.

C.Avalanche.D.Wildfire.

2.Whatshouldthosetrappedintyphoonsprobablydowhentheyheartheevacuationorders

A.Gettoabasementorwindowlessbathroom.

B.Findsomethingsolidtohideunder.

C.Leavetheplacewheretheyare.

D.Getatorchincaseofablackout.

3.Whatdoweknowfromthetext

A.TyphoonsoccuronlyintheexposedregionsinthenorthwesternPacificOcean.

B.Floodscausethemostfrequentdamageamongthedisastersmentioned.

C.Thosewhomeetwithavalanchesareadvisedtocallouttheminutethey’retrapped.

D.Gettingcleanairmattersmostinthecaseofwildfires,despitethedifficulty.

B

AseriesofsmallearthquakeshaveshakencentralNebraskaandbecomethetalkofthearea.Accordingtotheinformationonawebsite,therehavebeenseveralquakessincethe9ththismonthintheheartofthestate,centeredonthetownArnold,whichisabout225mileswestofthecapitalLincoln.Thefirst,a3.3-magnitude(震级)quake,happenedearlythatmorning,followedbythreeonthefollowingday,anotheronSunday,andthenthemostrecentearthquakeonMonday.Thestrongestquakewasthefirstonethatstruckonthe10th,whichreachedamagnitudeof3.7.Theearthquakeswerefoundaboutthreemilesbelowthesurface.Therehaven’tbeenanyreportsofhumaninjuryordamageofbuildingscausedbythequakes,accordingtoKWBE,aradiostation.

“Itisjustkindofstrange,”BeckyDailey,treasureroftheArnoldChamberofCommerce,toldthatstation,addingthatpeoplearoundtownarerunningaroundandtalkingaboutthefrequentquakes.Actuallysmallquakeslikethesearenotunusual.JusttwominutesbeforeNebraska’smostrecentearthquake,aseparateoneshookacityintheDominicanRepublic,reachingamagnitudeof2.5.Acoupleofhourslater,a2.7-magnitudeearthquakehitanareanearAguanga,inSouthernCalifornia’sRiversideCounty.ThereweretwomorethatdayindifferentareasofPuertoRico:a2.9-magnitudequakeanda3.1-magnitudequake.Thosewereallsmall,butstrongerquakesregularlyrocktheworld—justnotsooften.

Earthquakesareusuallycausedwhenrockundergroundsuddenlybreaks.Thissuddenreleaseofenergycausesthewavesthatmakethegroundshake.Twoblocksofrockortwoplatesarerubbing(摩擦)againsteachother.Afterawhile,therocksbreakbecauseofallthepressurethatisbuiltup.Whentherocksbreak,theearthquakehappens.

4.WhatdoweknowaboutthequakesinNebraska

A.Thereweresixquakesinall.

B.Theyallhappenedwithin24hours.

C.TheywerecenteredonthecapitalLincoln.

D.Thebiggestonereachedamagnitudeof4.0.

5.AccordingtoKWBE,whichstatementaboutthequakesinNebraskaistrue

A.Thequakescausedmanybuildingstofall.

B.Thequakescauseddamagetothecrops.

C.Thequakeswerenotfeltbythelocals.

D.Thequakeswerenotdangerous.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph2mostprobablymean

A.Thatnohumangotinjuredinthequakes.

B.Thatquakeshappenedtheresofrequently.

C.Thatanearthquaketookplaceinthestate.

D.Thatpeoplekepttalkingaboutthequakes.

7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningthesmallquakesinparagraph2

A.Somanyquakeshappenedonthe9th.

B.Smallquakescanbeeasiertofindnow.

C.Nobigearthquakeshappenedthesedays.

D.Smallquakesareactuallyverycommon.

Ⅴ.七选五

Tokeepsocialdistanceandworkathomeduringthepandemichasledtolesstimemovingaround,andmoretimesittingandlookingatscreens.Formanyofficeworkers,workingathomemeansspendinghourssittingattheirdesks.1.Therefore,exerciseexpertssuggestthingsmustbechanged.Sometipsherearetohelpyoumovemore.

Startsmall

Peopletryingtostartexercisingoftengetcaughtupinan“allornothing”thinkingwhichmeanseitherdoingzeroordoingtwohours.Andiftheydon’texercisefortwohours,thenitdoesn’tcount,orit’snotgoodenough.2.Goingfromnoactivityatalltoevenalittlebitwillindeedgetsomehealtheffects.

3

Partofdevelopingagoodexercisehabitistoknowyourselfwell.Knowingwhat’spossibleandwhat’snotrealisticforyou.Forinstance,ifyou’renotamorningperson,don’tplantoexerciseinthemorning.Andifyouhaterunning,don’trunjustbecausesomeonetellsyouit’sgoodforyou.4.Arrangingwithafriendtoworkoutwillhelpyouavoidstrugglingtogetstarted.

Walkwheneveryoucan

Sittinglessandwalkingmorewillmakeabigdifference.Useyourstairsinsteadofanelevator.Andifyoudon’thavetogoout,justwalkbackandforthinyourroomtogetthoseextrasteps.Ifyouhaveameeting,usethebreakofthatmeetingtowalkaround.5.

A.Makesuretoknowyourselfwell

B.Chooseasuitabletimeforyourself

C.Allthesestepswillbehelpful

D.That’sagreatplaceforeverybodytowalk

E.Butfiveminutes’exerciseisactuallybetterthannone

F.Anditisruiningourhealthphysicallyandmentally

G.Youcanthinkofpossiblewaysforyoutostartorstickto

Ⅵ.语法填空

StudentsinSoutheastAsiancountrieslikeLaosandCambodia,especiallythose1.haveancestral(祖先的)rootsinChina,arebeingofferedtheopportunity2.(learn)Chineseculture,thankstoonlineclassesprovidedbyscholarsinShanxiProvince.

TheclassispartofChineseCultureLand,3.eventwhichwasstartedbytheChinaOverseasFriendshipAssociation.It4.(design)todeepentheoverseasChineseteenagers’understandingofChineseculture,whichhasbeenwelcomedby5.(participant).

ACambodianstudent,who6.(fall)inlovewithcalligraphy(书法)whenshewasalittlegirl,hasbeeninfluencedbyherparents.Shesaid,“ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavelistenedtoaChinesemastercalligrapherinaclass.”GengYue,aninfluentialcalligrapherinShanxi,saidhewas7.(delight)toteachaclassforoverseasstudents.

Since2023,theChineseCultureLandeventhasbeenheldonlineduetothepandemic,whichnowreachesa8.(large)audienceandinterestsmorepeoplein9.(study)Chineseculture.Thisyear’sChineseCultureLand—LaosandCambodiawilllastfor12days,ending10.Saturday.

参考答案

Ⅰ.1.flooded2.damaged3.trapped4.wasdestroyed5.Torescue6.breath7.wisdom8.affected

Ⅱ.1.blewaway2.gotawayfrom3.inshock4.sufferfrom5.inruins6.dugout

Ⅲ.1.toodifficult;toworkout2.hadthelightburning3.asifitwere4.Everywheretheywent5.sofreshtobreathe

Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了台风、洪水、雪崩和野火发生时的一些急救措施。

1.A细节理解题。根据Typhoon部分中“Thebestplacetohideduringatyphoonisasecurebasementorabathroomwithnowindows.”可知,台风来临时要求人们待在室内。

2.C推理判断题。根据Typhoon部分中“Amust-havedeviceisabattery-poweredweatherradio,throughwhichyouwillhearevacuationordersorinothercases,instructionsonhowtosurviveinyourshelterandlearnabouttheweathersituation.”可知,当他们听到疏散命令时,那些被困在台风中的人可能离开他们所在的地方。

3.B细节理解题。根据Flood部分中“Floodsoccurmoreoftenthananyothernaturaldisasterandchangethelandscapedramatically.”可知,在文章所提及的灾害中,洪水造成的破坏最为频繁。

【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在米国内布拉斯加州一连发生了六次小地震的相关情况。

4.A细节理解题。第一段提到第一次地震发生在当天凌晨,震级为3.3级,第二天发生了三次,周日又发生了一次,最近的一次地震发生在周一。由此可知,一共发生了6次地震。

5.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段广播电台KWBE报道可知,目前还没有地震造成人员伤亡或建筑物损坏的报道。由此推测,这些小地震都不危险。

6.B代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“...addingthatpeoplearoundtownarerunningaroundandtalkingaboutthefrequentquakes.”可知,It指的是频繁发生地震的现象。

7.D推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Actuallysmallquakeslikethesearenotunusual.”可知,后面提到的那些小地震都是为了证明小地震其实很常见。

Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何在家里锻炼提出了一些建议。

1.F根据下文“Therefore,exerciseexpertssuggestthingsmustbechanged.”可知,运动专家建议要对此做出改变。F项“Anditisruiningourhealthphysicallyandmentally(它正在摧毁我们的身心健康)”和下文构成因果关系。

2.E空前指出一些人认为长时间的锻炼才有用,短时间的锻炼没有用;空后指出哪怕一点点的活动也有用。由此可以推断,空处应该是和上文构成转折关系,同时引起下文。E项“Butfiveminutes’exerciseisactuallybetterthannone(但是事实上五分钟的锻炼也比不锻炼好)”符合语境。

3.A该空是本段的标题。根据下文“Partofdevelopingagoodexercisehabitistoknowyourselfwell.Knowingwhat’spo