高三英语宾语补足用法无忧

宾语补足语的用法英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十PS十V十OS十V十O1十O2S十V十O十C

说明：主系表结构

主谓宾结构

主谓双宾结构主谓宾补结构S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；

O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；

C＝宾语补足语1．S

十V

句式He

runs

quickly．他跑得快。2．S

十V

十P

句式：The

story

sounds

interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。3．S

十V

十O

句式They

built

a

house

last

year．他们去年建了一所房子。4．S

十V

十O1

十O2

句式He

offered

me

his

seat/his

seat

to

me．他把座位让给我。5．S

十V

十O

十C

句式They

found

her

happy

that

day．他们发现那天她很高兴。

I

found

him

out．我发现他出去了。They

named

the

boy

Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。

I

saw

him

come

in

and

go

out．我见他进来又出去。They

felt

the

car

moving

fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。

He

found

the

door

of

study

closed

to

him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1、名词：We

made

him

our

monitor.They

thought

this

good

advice.They

named

their

daughter

Jenny.注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,

feel等。注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：They

elected

John

chairman

of

the

committee.2、形容词：You

should

keep

your

room

clean

and

tidy.We’d

better

leave

the

door

open.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,

have,

leave,

以及paint,

drive,

turn,

cut

等。3、现在分词：I’m

sorry

to

have

kept

you

waiting

for

so

long.I

could

feel

the

cold

wind

blowing

on

my

face.At

this

moment

she

noticed

the

teacher

coming

in.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：4、动词不定式：Nobody

could

make

him

change

his

mind.Would

you

like

me

to

come

along

with

you?He

believed

the

earth

to

be

a

globe.5、过去分词：He

watched

the

TV

set

carried

out

of

the

room.Last

year

they

had

their

house

rebuilt.When

you

speak

English,

be

sure

to

make

yourself

understood.6．此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：

When

do

you

want

it

back?Why

didn’t

you

invite

them

in?We

could

hear

the

children

at

play

outside.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：We

made

him

our

monitor. (He

is

our

monitor.)You

should

keep your

room

clean

and

tidy.and

tidy.)We

could

hear

the

children

at

play

outside.play

outside.)(Your

room

is

clean(The

children

are

at二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：I

once

heard

this

song

sung

in

Japanese.(This

song

was

once

sung

in

Japanese.)I

didn’t

want

the

children

taken

out

in

such

weather.(The

children

were

taken

out

in

such

weather.)三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,

keep,

mind,prevent,

stop,

smell,

excuse

等。例如：She

caught

her

son

smoking

a

cigarette.His

words

started

me

thinking.2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,

encourage,

let,allow,permit,

mean,lead,bring,

put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,call

on,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,wait

for//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,look

at,observe,listen

to,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,

want,

understand,

hate,

get,

set,

leave等。四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号

to

的取舍问题：1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe

等动词后的不定式需省去to

。2、feel

一词，跟to

be

型不定式带to；跟to

do

型不定式不带to。3、help

一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。（请参见“动词不定式”一节）五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：I

felt

it

necessary

to

speak

about

our

ings.Do

you

consider

it

any

good

trying

again?We

all

thought

it

a

pity

that

you

couldn’t

join

us.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel,

find,

think,

make,

take,

judge,

consider

等。Practice单句改错much

noise.The

speaker

raised

his

voice

butstillcouldn’t

makehimselfunudnedrestrosotdand.We

all

elected

Jason

the

monitor.The

teacher

asked

us

not

make

soto4.

---

What

a

nice

fireyou

have

in

yourfireplace!---

Duringthewinter

Ilikemyhouse

wwaarrmmlyand

comfortable.5.

Don’t

leavethe

waterrunwhileyoubrush

yourteeth.runningHe

pushedthe

dooropoepnening. She

looked

around

and

caught

amanput

his

hand

into

the

pocket

of

apassengepru.

ttingto With

a

lotofdifficultproblems

settle,thenewly-elected

president

ishaving

ahard

time.When

I

came

in,

I

found

a

boyhidhdideenbehind

the

door. It

was

a

pity

that

the

great

writerdiewdithof his

works

unfinished.B.

nC.

to

not

shutD.

not

shutC.

mA.

c----There’s

a

hole

in

your

bag.----

Iknow,

I’m

going

tohave

it

.mend B.

mending

ended D.

to

be

mendedThough

he

had

often

made

his

little

sister

,

today hewasmade

byhislittlesister.ry;

to

cry B.

crying;

crying C.

cry;

cry D.

to

cry;

cryThey

would

not

allow

him

acrosstheenemyline.A.

to

risk

goingC.

for

risk

to

goB.

risking

to

goD.

risk

going单项选择1.

Tellhim

the

window.A.

to

shut

not ot

to

shutI

found

the

door

whenIgothome.A.

opened B.

close C.

unlocking D.

openThe

boy

wanted

to

ride

his

bicycle

in

the

street,

but his

mothertold

him

.A.

not

to B.

not

to

do C.

not

do D.

do

not

toI

couldn’t

do

my

homework

with

all

that

noise

.A.

going

on B.

goes

on C.

went

on D.

to

go

onWith

a

lot

of

difficult

problems

,

the

newly- elected

president

is

having

a

hard

time.A.

settled B.

se