四级翻译讲解精编版课件

四级翻译讲解1.简介在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。2.解题技巧首先，确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达；然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式

(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来；最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。3.分析考题翻译考题的考点通常是：语法，词汇和固定搭配。有时一个考题中同时出现多个考点，但是为了分析之便，我们根据考题的侧重点把考题分类成以下三大考点：一、语法结构 (grammar)、二、重点单词

(key words)、三、固定搭配

(set structures)。一． 语法结构（grammar）：动名词、虚拟语气、倒装、状语从句（最常考）、定语从句。动名词

(gerund

)：87.

Having

spent

some

time

in

the

city,

hehad

no

troublefinding

the

way

to

thehistory

museum.

(找到去历史博物馆的路)

(2006.

6)虚拟语气（subjunctive

mood）：89.

The

victimmight

havesurvived

(本来会有机会活下来)

if

he

had

been

taken

tohospital

intime.

(2006.

12

)倒装

(inversion)：Not

onlydid

he

overcharge

me

(他向我收费过高),

but

he

didn’t

do

a

goodrepair

jobeither.考点：Not

only

引起的部分倒装 (助动词提前)状语从句（adverbial

clauses）：目的状语 (adverbial

clauses

ofpurpose)：88.

In

order

to

make

money

to

support

my

schooling,

Mother

often

takes

on

more

work

than

is

goodforher.（2006.

6）让步状语(adverbial

clauses

ofconcession)：91.

Though

a

skilled

worker,he

was

fired

by

the

company(他被公司解雇了)last

weekbecause

of

the

economic

crisis.（2006.

6）时间状语(adverbial

clauses

oftime)：90.

Some

psychologists

claim

that

peoplemay

feel

lonely

when

they’re

away

from

home.

（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）(2006.12)条件状语(adverbial

clauses

ofcondition)：91.

Please

come

here

at

ten

tomorrowmorning

if

it’s

convenient

for

you.(如果你方便的话)(2007.6.)

比较状语(结构)(adverbialclauses

ofcomparison

orcomparativeconstructions)：88.

Since

my

childhood

I

have

found

that

to

me,nothing

is

more

interesting

than

reading.(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)（2006.12）90.

The

more

you

explain,

the

moreconfused

I

am(我愈糊涂)（2006.6）5．定语从句(attributive

clauses)：88.

The

prevention

and

treatment

of

AIDS

isthe

field

(where)we

can

cooperate.(我们可以合作的领域)(2007.6)二． 重点单词

(key

words)：89.

The

professorrequiredthat

we

(should)hand

in

the

research

report(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.（2006.

6）87.

Specialists

in

intercultural

studies

say

that

it

isnot

easy

toadapt

oneself

to

life

in

different

cultures.

(2006.12

)87.

The

finding

of

this

study

failed

to

take

the

quality

of

human’s

sleep

into

consideration.(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6)Because

of

the

leg

injury,

the

athlete

decided

toquit

the

match.(决定退出比赛)(2007.

6)To

make

donations

or

for

moreinformation,please

contact

us

at

the

following

address.(按以下地址和我们联系)(2007.6)注: 词汇是学习语言的基础，一定要重视词汇的积累！三． 固定搭配

(setstructures)：91.

The

nation’s

population

continues

to

rise

at

a

rate

of

12

million

per

year.(以每年1200万人的速度).(2006.12)87.

The

finding

of

this

study

failed

to

takeaccount

of

the

quality

of

human‘s

sleep.(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6)91.

Please

come

here

at

ten

tomorrow

morning

at

your

convenience.(如果你方便的话)(2007.6)4.解题步骤第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括：1词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等)虚拟被动所谓时态是指,根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。第四步：通读句子，检查错误。看看句子是否通顺，你的翻译跟原来的英文是否协调一致。5.

真题详解：2006.121.Specialists

in

intercultural

studies

say

that

it

is

noteasyto(适应不同文化中的生活).[06.12]第一步：由it

is

not

easy

to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。第二步：分析“适应不同文化的生活”核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt

to;

adapt

oneselfto；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different

cultures(2).重新组合：adapt

oneself

to

the

life

in

differentcultures[考察知识点]：[词组固定搭配]adapt

oneself

to

sth/doing

sth“适应---”2.Since

my

childhood

I

have

found

that(没有什么比 读书对我更有吸引力).第一步：由Since

my

childhood

I

have

found

that可以推出，划线处应该填写一个句子。第二步：分析“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力”核心谓语动词是“比---更有吸引力”，“没有什么”作主语，“读书”作宾语，“对我”作状语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“比---更有吸引力”=be

moreattractivetosb，“没有什么”=nothing，“读书”=reading，“对我”=for/to

me。(2).重新组合：nothing

is

more

attractive

to

me

than

reading[考察知识点]：[比较级]nothing+比较级=最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。3.The

victim(本来会有机会活下来)if

he

had

beentaken

to

hospital

intime.第一步：由The

victim…可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if

he

hadbeen

taken

to

hospital

in

time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。第二步：分析“本来会有机会活下来”核心谓语动词是“本来有机会---”，“活下来”作宾语。第三步：切块对应翻译：“本来有机会---”=would

have

a

chance

todo

sth，“活下来”=survive重新组合：would

have

a

chance

to

survive.[正确答案]：would

have/stand

a

chance

to

survive/of

survivalcould

havesurvived[考察知识点]：[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had

done，主句用

would

havedone有机会做某事：have/stand

a

chance

to

do

sth/of

sth----

4.Some

psychologists

claim

that

people(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).第一步：由Some

psychologists

claim

that

people.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。第二步：分析“出门在外时可能会感到孤独”核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”=may

feel，“孤独

”=lonely，“出门在外时”beaway

from

home.(2).重新组合：may

feel

lonely

when

they

are

away

fromhome.[考察知识点]：[词性辨析]lonely.adj.孤独的、寂寞的；alone.adj.独自的；“出门在外”的翻译。When

they

are

not

intheirhometown5.The

nation’s

population

continues

to

rise(以每年

1200万人的速度).第一步：由句中部分可以推出，划线处应该填写状语或补语。第二步：分析“以每年1200万人的速度”词组固定搭配“以---的速度”，“每年”作状语，“1200万人”作定语第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“以---的速度”=at

a

speed/rate

of---，“每年”=per

year，“1200万人”=12

million.(2).重新组合：at

a

speed

of

12

million

per

year.[正确答案]：at

a

speed

of

12

million

per

year

或at

a

rate

of

12million

people

per

year或at

an

annual

rate

of12,000,000people

[考察知识点]：[词组固定搭配]at

a

speed

of--“以---的速度”；注意：million不加s注意

实在翻不出来，就不要硬拼，教大家一种“反译”的小技巧，非常管用。There’s

still

water

in

the

rivers.河还没有干。Students

are

still

arriving.学生们还没有到齐。他每次都赢：He

neverloses.我天天想你：There’s

never

been

a

day

when

Ididn’t

miss

you.我一夜没合眼：I

lay

awake

allnight.比较：I

didn’t

close

my

eyes

allnight.一、重点单词

(key

words)51.Because

of

the

leg

injury,the

athlete(决定退出比赛).第一步：由分句主语the

athlete…可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得分句完整。第二步：分析“决定退出比赛”核心谓语动词是“决定”，“退出比赛”作决定的宾语。第三步：切块对应翻译：“决定”=decide

to

do

sth，“退出”=quit重新组合：decided

to

quit

the

match.[正确答案]：decided

to

quit/give

up

the

match[考点]：重点单词：退出，quit

或give

up52.To

make

donations

or

for

more

information,please(按以下地址和我们联系).第一步：分析句子可知前面两个并列的介词短语是目的状语，主干是由please引导的祈使句，所以要接动词原形。第二步：分析“按以下地址和我们联系”核心谓语动词是“联系”，“我们”是联系的宾语，“按以下地址”是状语。第三步：切块对应翻译：“联系”=contact

sb.，“按以下地址”=at

thefollowing

address重新组合：contact

us

at

the

following

address[考点]：重点单词：联系，contact

sb.More

Exercise(单词)1.

Buying

clothes (是件很耗时的工作),because

those

clothes

that

a

person

likesare

rarely

the

ones

that

fit

him

or

her.2.

When

I

was

very

young,

I

was

terrible

frightened

of

school,but

Isoon

（克服了这种心理）。is

oftena

verytime-consumingjobovercame

it

/

got

over

it3.

The

sports

meeting

originally

due

to

be

held

last

Fridaywas

finally

called

off

/

cancelled

because

of

the

badweather(最终因天气不好而取消了)。More

Exercise(单词)(将在做实验)6.

Mark

often款）

whenever

he

breaks

traffic

regulations.4.I

will

be

doing

/

conducting

theexperimentfrom

three

to

five

thisafternoon.5.

If

this

can’t

be

settled

reasonably,

it

may

be

necessary

toresort

toforce

(诉诸武力)。attempts

to

escape

being

fined

（试图逃脱罚二、语法结构

(grammar)53.Mrs.

Smith

was(对任何事情都太挑剔)that

noservant

could

please

her.第一步：由后面的that结果状语从句可以推出，划线处形容词前应加副词so,即“so…that”结构。第二步：分析“对任何事情都太挑剔”核心部分是“对…挑剔”，“任何事情”作挑剔的宾语。第三步：切块对应翻译：“对…挑剔”=be

particular

about，“任何事情”=everything重新组合：so

particular

about

everything[考点]：语法：so…that固定搭配：be

particular/fussy

about(对…挑剔)54.Science

and

technology(促进了农业生产的进步).第一步：本句主语为复数，所以划线部分的谓语动词也应与之保持一致，即用复数。时态用现在完成时。第二步：分析“促进了农业生产的进步”核心谓语动词是“促进了”，“进步”作促进的宾语，“农业生产”是定语。第三步：切块对应翻译：“促进”=contribute

to，“进步”=improvement,

“农业生产的”=agricultural

production重新组合：have

contributed

to

the

improvement

ofagricultural

production[考点]：语法：主谓一致；现在完成时固定搭配：contribute

to(促进，贡献)56.(不管结果怎么样),I

will

be

on

yourside.第一步：后面是主句，划线处应该是让步状语从句，时态是一般现在时。第二步：分析“不管结果怎么样”核心部分是“不管”，“结果怎么样”是不管引导的让步状语从句。第三步：切块对应翻译：“不管”=no

matter

what，“结果怎么样

”=what

the

consequenceis重新组合：Whatever/No

matter

what

the

consequence

is[考点]：语法：no

matter+疑问词(what,when,who,why,how)或者疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句例如：

(不管任务多么艰巨)，we

should

try

out

best

and

not

give

up

easily.NO

matter

how

difficult

the

task

is57.At

no

time

and

under

no

circumstances(把个人利益放在第一位).第一步：由句首表示否定意义的短语可以推出，划线处应该倒装。第二步：分析“把个人利益放在第一位”核心谓语动词是“把…放在第一位”，“个人利益”是放的宾语。第三步：切块对应翻译：“把…放在第一位”=place…first，“个人利益”=personal

interest(注意：本句是否定短语前置表示强调，所以后面要加主语和情态动词should，并且倒装。)重新组合：should

a

man

place

his

personal

interest

first///should

one’s personal

interest

be

placed

first[考点]：语法：表示否定意义的词或词组位于句首，全句需部分倒装。这类词，词组还有：never,seldom,nor,little,hardly,scarely,no

sooner,by

no

means,on

no

account,

in

no

case,on

no

condition等。例如：On

nocondition

(背叛自己的祖国).should

one

betray

his

own

country59.It

was

vital

that(我们月底完成工程).第一步：由主语从句it

was

vital

that可以推断出，从句应用虚拟语气，形式是should+动词原形，should通常省略。第二步：分析“我们月底完成工程”核心谓语动词短语是“完成工程”，“月底”是时间状语。第三步：切块对应翻译：“完成工程”=finish

the

project，“月底”=bythe

end

of

thismonth重新组合：we

finish

the

project

by

the

end

of

this

month[考点]：语法：虚拟语气[语法讲解]：“虚拟语气”考生应该注意以下几种常考虚拟语气的形式：第一种：由“if”引导的虚拟句子与现在的事实相反：[If---+were/did---,---+would

do---]

If

I

were

you,I

would

marry

him.如果我是你,就会嫁给他。与过去的事实相反：[If---+had

done---,---+would

have

done---]If

you

had

worked

hard

,

you

would

have

passed

the

exam.如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。与将来的事实可能相反：[If---+should

do---,---+would

do---]

If

it

should

rain

tomorrow,what

would

you

do?如果明天下雨,你怎么办?第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：“---(should)+do

sth”(should常省去)。类似用法的动词有：insist(坚持),suggest(建议),order(命令),propose(建议),demand(要求),command(命令),advise(建议),desire(要求、请求),request(请求),require(需要、要求),ask(要求),prefer(宁愿),recommend(推荐),arrange(安排),advocate(拥护、提倡),maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。第三种：用在“It+be+adj.+that---”结构

that

引导的主语从句中从句谓语形式为：“---(should)+do

sth”(should常省去)。这类形容词有：important

,necessary,natural,essential,strange,

absurd,amazing,annoying,desirable,surprising,

vital,advisable,anxious,compulsory,crucial,

imperative,eager,fitting,possible,impossible,

improper,obligatory,probable,preferable,strange,

urgent

等,以及insisted,suggested,ordered,

requested,arranged,recommended

等第四种：用在It

is

time

that---结构中,表示“该干某事了”,含建议的意思。从句谓语形式为：动词过去式。例如：It

is

time

(that)we

went

to

bed.咱们该睡觉了。注意:time

前可加about(表示“大约”)或high(表示“强调”)等。More

Exercise(语法)虚拟语气Why

didn’t

you

tell

me

you

could

lend

me

the

money?

I

needn’t

have

borrowed

it

form

the

bank

(本来不必从银行借钱的)By

the

time

you

get

to

New

York,I

shall

have

left

for

(已经动身 去)London。It’stime something

was

done

/

some

measures

were

taken

（采取措施）

about

the

traffic

problemdowntown.Itisessentialthat the

program

be

loaded

into

computer.

(把程序输进计算机)。More

Exercise(语法)虚拟语气He

insisted

thatthe

seats

bebooked

in

advanced(事先预定).If

we

hadn’t

made

adequatepreparations, the

conference

wouldn’t

have

been

so

successful

(会议是不会开得这么成功的).It

isbecause

sheis

too

inexperienced

(正是由于她太没有经验)that

she

does

not

know

how

to

deal

with

the

situation.

(强调句型)The

room

is

in

a

terrible

mess;

it

can’t

have

been

cleaned(肯定没打扫过)。(情态动词)More

Exercise(语法)(他们几乎连一片面包也倒装9.

Under

no

circumstance

can

vistors

be

allowed

to

walk(允许游客在草地上行走).on

the

grass10.

Hardly

a

slice

of

bread

did不浪费)theywaste.11.Four

thousand

dollars

is

more

than

she

canafford

(她付不起).主谓一致More

Exercise(语法).(是我的两倍)倍数13. ,(他虽有耐性)he

was交流).定语从句12.

His

salary

is

two

times/twice

as

much

as

minePatient

as

he

wasunwilling

to

wait

three

hours.

状语从句14.

Sound

is

a

tool

by

means

of

which

peopl(e人们通过它互相communicate

with

each

other15.

Toknoweverything

(样样精通),is

to

knownothing.不定式三、固定搭配

(set

structures)55.Considering

your

salary,you

(应该每周至少存20美元).第一步：由主语you可知，划线部分应该把句子补充完整。第二步：分析“应该每周至少存20美元”核心谓语动词是“存”，“至少20美元”是存的