2022年净零行业追踪（英）

In

collaborationwith

AccentureNet-Zer

oIndustr

y

Tracker2022

EditionJ

U

L

Y

20

22ContentsDisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasa

contributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressed

herein

are

a

resultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.©

2022WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.Foreword343

In-depthindustryanalysis3.1

Steel31324252627282AppendixA.1

Industryprocess

overview9293Executivesummary1

Missionandmethodology2

Cross-industry

findings2.1

Net-zero

performance2.2

Net-zero

readiness73.2

CementA.2

IndustrydemandoverviewContributors1001071091101314233.3

Aluminium3.4

Ammonia3.5

OilEndnotesAbbreviations

andacronyms3.6

NaturalgasAbbreviationsandacronymsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker2ForewordBy2050,theglobaleconomyisexpectedtoaccommodateandserve25%more

people,50%more

citydwellers,

and100%morepurchasingpowerintheglobalmiddleclass.Suchdevelopmentswillhavetremendousrepercussionsfortheglobalindustriesthatprovidethebasicmaterialsandenergyrequiredtosustainmodernsociety,from

housingtoconsumergoods.Theseindustriesare

today’smostsignificantcontributorstoanthropogenicemissions.Inbusiness-as-usualscenarios,4,5through2050,demandforenergyandTherehavebeenmultiplechallenges;mustbedeveloped.Economicallyviablelow-carbonmarketsneedtoemerge.Investmentsmustbe“de-risked”toacceleratecapitalinflows.Adequatepolicyframeworkscanhelpenableandincentivizetransformation.Theseandotherobjectivescannotbeachievedwithoutaparadigmshiftinmultistakeholdercollaborationacrossextendedindustrialecosystems.Neithercantheybeachievedwithoutkeepingequityandjusticeattheheartofindustries’transformations.People’slivelihoodsandopportunitiesdependonit.1complexsupplychains,multipleproductionprocesses,globalfragmentation,etc.Itistimetoclosethegapswithtimelyandconsistentmonitoringofindustrialdecarbonization.Progress

trackingwillhelpheavyindustriesdeterminethetrajectoryoftheirtransformations,maintainasteadypaceofprogress

andinformnecessarycoursecorrections.23RobertoBoccaHeadofShapingtheFuture

ofEnergy,MaterialsandInfrastructure,WorldEconomicForumTheWorldEconomicForumhasbenchmarkedcountries’energytransitionthroughtheindustrialproductsisprojectedtogrow

by30-80%.Industrieswillcontinuetobevitaltoourfuture;theeffectivedecarbonizationoftheirprocessesandvaluechainsiscrucialtoachievingourclimateobjectives.EnergyTransition

Indexfortenyears.We

areleveragingourexperiencetolaythefoundationofarobustcross-industryplatformthatwilltracksectors’journeystonetzero.Suchaplatformisneedednowmore

thanever.

Theongoingenergycrisis,sky-highpricesofenergyandmaterials,andpersistentriskofsupplyshortagesare

disruptingindustrialvaluechainsdowntoendconsumers.Thisisthetimeforindustriesandgovernmentstodoubledownoneffortstoacceleratethedecarbonizationofindustrialprocesses,improveenergyefficiencyandreducetheirdependenceonfossilfuels.Industrialdecarbonizationmaybeoneofthemostdauntingchallengesoftheenergytransition.Yet,

wewanttobeoptimistic.Industrypathwaystonetzero

havebeencharted;transparencyisimproving.IftheglobalambitionandcollaborativespiritwitnessedatCOP26andatthe2022WorldEconomicForumAnnualMeetinginDavossparkconcreteaction,wecouldseethisdecadebecomeoneofthemajorbreakthroughsfornet-zeroindustries.Thetimeforactionisnow.MuqsitAshrafSeniorManagingDirectorandLead,EnergyIndustrySector,AccentureWhileeffortsare

underwayandcommitmentsare

beingmade,therealityofnetzero

fortheseindustriesislaggingandextrapolatingfromtoday’s

speedofprogress

willfallfarshort.Today’s

gapisconsiderable,andbuildingtransparencyintothisrealitytoelevatethediscussiononhowtostructurallysolvethechallengeiskeytoaddressinganunder-servedportionofthetransition.Whileitisencouragingtoseetheadoptionofstandardizationandmonitoringofsustainabilitymetricsatnationallevelsincarbon-intensivesectorssuchaspowergeneration,buildingsandtransport,significantgapsremaininheavyindustries.Thereismuchtobedone.Internationalstandardsneedtodefine“low-emission”industries.Low-carbonproductiontechnologiesneedtodemonstratetheirvalueatcommercialscale.Consumerawarenessandacceptancemustevolvetogeneratedemandforlow-emissionproducts.Infrastructuresrequired

todevelopandintegratelow-carbonprocessesAbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker3Executivesummaryemissionsreduction

andenergyefficiency

toevaluateperformance.Itproposes

emissionintensitytargetstoinformsectoralnet-zerotransitionstrategiesandhighlightsinformationgapstoimprove

transparency

further.

Whileindustriesdiffer

inproducts,

processes

andbusinessmodels,theirtransformationwillrelyontheevolutionofcommonenablersthatareoftenbeyondthecontrol

ofanysingleindustry.Theframeworkassessessectoralreadiness

fornetzero

byevaluatingkeyenablerssuchasthereadiness

oftechnology,accesstotheenablinginfrastructure,

therobustness

ofsupportingpolicyframeworks,thestrength

ofdemandsignalsforlow-emissionproducts

andtheavailabilityofcapitalforinvestmentsinlow-emissionIndustrialsectorsaccountfornearly40%ofglobalenergyconsumption30%ofglobalgreenhouse

gasemissions.transformationofthesesectorsispivotalto6andmore

than7Thereaching

net-zero

emissionsby2050.ThisreportbytheWorld

EconomicForum,incollaborationwithAccenture

andsupportedbyexpertinputfrom

over40organizations,establishesanewframeworktomonitorandsupporttheprogress

ofheavyindustriestowards

netzero.assets.Efforts

toimprove

industries’net-zeroreadiness

across

thesedimensionsare

criticaltoprogress

industries’net-zero

performance.Thechallengesassociatedwithindustrialdecarbonizationare

typicallymore

complexthanthoseofothercarbon-intensivesectors(e.g.power,

transportation,buildings,etc.).Buttheyare

alsorelatively

lesswellunderstood.Gapsindataanddiscrepancies

inkeyterminologies,definitions,andindustryandemissionboundariescontributetoa

lackofvisibilityonprogress.

Thistrackinginitiativeaimstoprovide

companies,policy-makersandconsumerswiththeThereport

acknowledgesthatthere

areefforts

underway.Net-zero

commitments,decarbonizationstrategies,technologypartnerships,low-carbonpilotprojects,

anddiscussionsaround

green

products

andpremiums

haveemerged.Despitethis,noindustryisanywhere

nearwhere

itneedstobeby2050andcomplexchallengeswithinandacross

theindustriesremain.

Thereport

highlightssector-specific

acceleratorsandprioritiesforsixindustries(steel,cement,aluminium,oil,naturalgasandammonia)andoutlinessevencross-sectoralrecommendations

forimmediateaction.necessarytransparency

toensure

thatactionandinvestmentsare

targetedandbalanced.Theframeworkfollowsa

holisticapproach

andisdesignedtoconcurrently

trackindustries’“net-zero

performance”and“net-zero

readiness”.Itidentifiesa

setofstandard

metricstoassessAbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker41.

Industries’net-zero

transformationsrequirea

newlevelofambitioninmultistakeholdercollaboration.Breakthrough

solutionsareseldomfoundwithina

singlefirmorevenindustry.That’s

whyindustrialecosystemsneedtojoinforces

beyondtraditional3.

More

full-scaledemonstrationprojectsneedtobedevelopedtoacceleratethecommercial

readiness

oflow-emissiontechnologies.Manylow-emissionproductiontechnologieshavealreadyreachedlargeprototypeandevendemonstrationphases,andcandrasticallyreduceemissions(e.g.-82%fornaturalgas,-95%forcementandsteel,and-100%forammonia).However,

atthecurrentpace,thesetechnologieswon’tbecommerciallyreadyforindustryadoptionbeforethesecondhalfofthedecade(e.g.2025forsteel,12

and2030orbeyondforcement13andaluminium14).To

acceleratethecommercializationofthesesolutionsanddrivecostsdown,industrialfirmsneedtodoubledownontheireffortstodevelopfull-scaledemonstrationorearlycommercialprojects.partnerships.Three

archetypal

partnerships,detailedintherecently

released

FosteringEffectiveEnergyTransition

2022report,

should8bebuiltuponandreplicated:

collaborationbetweencustomersandsuppliers(e.g.offtake

agreements);

collaborationamongindustryandcross-industry

peers(e.g.CO2handlinginfrastructure);

andcollaborationacross

thebroader

ecosystemofindustrialstakeholders,includinggovernments,

policy-makers,financiers,researchers

andNGOs.2.

Commonstandards

for“low-emission”production

thresholds

needtobe4.

Broad

adoptionoflow-emissionestablishedforindustrialcompaniestocalibratethetransformationoftheirkeyproduction

processes.

Net-zero

targetsarenecessarybutinsufficient

todrivetheyear-on-yearprogress

required.

Emissionintensitytrajectoriesata

product

level(e.g.steel,cement)are

essentialtoguideconsistentandtimelyprogress.

Industrystandardstechnologieswillbeatriskifthepaceofinvestmentsinenablinginfrastructuresdoesnotpickupdrastically.

Mostindustrydecarbonizationpathwaysrely

onlow-carbonpower,

cleanhydrogen

(blueandgreen)

andcarboncapture.

To

meettheprojected

needsofthesixfocussectorsby2050,capacitiesofglobalCO

storageandcleanhydrogen2(e.g.AluminiumStewardship

Initiative9production

infrastructures

need

to

grow

64-foldand8-fold,respectively,

from

where

theyaretoday.Nearly1,700gigawatts(GW)ofcleanpowerwillneedtobeadded.Thiswillrequireapproximately

$4.2trillionininfrastructureinvestmentsoverthenext30years.orResponsibleSteel10),

multistakeholdercollaboration(e.g.AchievingNetZeroHeavyIndustry

SectorsinG7Membersreport11andproduct

certificationsystemswillbeessentialtodefinesuchtrajectories.)AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker55.

Demandsignalsforlow-emissionproductsare

emergingbutmustbestrengthenedandscaledup.Decarbonizingthesixindustriescouldrequire

over$2.1trillionincapitalexpendituresinproductionassets.Suchinvestmentscanonlymaterializeifgreenpremiumsexisttograntproducersandinvestorsacceptablereturnsfortheirrisk.Understandingendconsumerdemandandpublicandprivatebuyers’commitmentswouldhelpprovideproducersvisibilityonlow-emissionproducts’offtakevolumeandprice(e.g.FirstMoverscoalition15).Establishingadequatecarbonfootprintproductlabellingstandardswouldhelpconsumersmakemore

informeddecisionsandadvocatefornewtypesofproducts.7.

Adequaterisk-sharingmechanisms,supportingtaxonomiesandpublicfinancialsupportcanacceleratetheflowofprivatecapitalintolow-emissionindustries.Companies’investmentsinlow-emissionassetsare

riskierduetotheirdependenciesonnewtechnologiesandinfrastructure.Collaborationacrossindustriesandvaluechainscanenablerisk-sharingwhileprovidingdirectmarketroutes.Favourabletaxonomiesandpublicfundingintheformofgrants,low-interestandconcessionalloans,etc.canalsoreducecompanies’riskexposure.Multilateralpublic-privatepartnershipstofinancelow-emissionprojectswouldhelpchannelthenecessarycapitalintothefirstcommercial-scaleassets.6.

Publicpolicycanreinforceallenablingdimensionsandsupporttheemergenceofdifferentiatedandeconomicallyviablelow-emissionmarketsforfirstmovers.Thetrade-exposednatureofcommoditymarketsisparticularlychallengingtodecarbonization.Stablepolicyframeworksare

necessarytoleveltheplayingfieldforfirstmoversthatarewillingtoinvestinhigher-cost,

low-emissionproduction.Potentialapproacheslimitingtheriskofcarbonleakageincludebutare

notlimitedtoapriceoncarboncombinedwithaborder-adjustmentmechanism,carboncontractsfordifferences,preferentialpublicprocurement(e.g.CaliforniaBuyCleanEstablishingnet-zeroroadmapsforindustriesisessentialtokeepthe2050goalwithinreach.Soisappropriatelymeasuringprogress

andimprovingtransparencyalongtheway.ThisfirsteditionoftheNet-ZeroIndustryTrackerreportsetstheWorldEconomicForum’sambitiontoestablisharobusttrackingplatformthatsupportstheemergenceoflow-carbonindustriesbythedecade’s

end.Thecurrentenergycrisispresentsanexcellentopportunitytopickupthepaceofindustrialdecarbonization.Nowisthetimetoact.Act16),materialmandates,orquotas.AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker6Mission

andmethodology1AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker7m

i

s

s

i

o

n

s

t

a

t

e

m

e

n

tEstablisha

comprehensivetrackerforallstakeholders(e.g.companies,investors,financialinstitutions,governments,policy-makers,etc.)tomonitorandacceleratethenet-zerotransformationofindustries.k

e

y

o

b

j

e

c

t

i

v

e

sSupporttheglobaleffortaroundindustrynet-zerotransformationbyprovidingallstakeholders:Aframeworkandmethodologytounderstandindustrialemissionsdriversandnet-zerotransformationenablers.Quantitativeandqualitativescorecardstotrackindustryprogress

towardsnetzero

overtime.Priorityareas

forindustriestoactuponandaccelerateprogress.AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker8Net-zeroindustryperformanceThefourdriversofindustrynetgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions:Net-zeroindustryreadinessThefiveenablingdimensionsofindustrynet-zerotransformation:1

MissionandmethodologyTheNet-Zero

IndustryFrameworkcombinestwocomplementarylensestotrackHowitisproduced:ProductionprocessemissionandenergyintensityTechnologytodecarbonizeproductionprocessesWhatisproduced:Industryproductionvolumeandmixindustries’progressontheground.Infrastructuretoenablelow-emissionproductionCapitaltotransformindustryassetbaseTechnologyNet-zerotransformationenablersNetGHGemissionsPoliciestosupportlow-emissionbusinessmodelsDemandtobuylow-emissionproductsatapremiumpriceWhatitcontributesto:Whatenergyisused:Scope3emissionsandoffsetsTypes

ofenergysourcesconsumedAbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker9Keymessages1

MissionandmethodologyBasicmaterialsindustryemissionintensitytrajectory(2020-2050)Energyindustryemissionintensitytrajectory(2020-2050)3Industries’progressisassessedagainstproduction

emissionintensitytrajectoriesfrom

theInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)NetZero

by2050Scenario.Foraluminium,ammonia,steelandcementsectors,“low-emission”isdefinedastheaveragescope1and2productionemissionintensityrequired

in2050intheIEANetZeroby2050Scenario.Foroilandgas,intheabsenceofcorrespondingdataintheIEANetZero

by2050Scenario,“low-emission”productionisdefinedbasedonthepotentialofthebestavailabletechnology(BAT)

today.(tCO

e/tproduction)5(kgCO

e/bblandtCO

e/MMcf)6,722216.1011.5014.3972.452.201.901.87“Reducedemission”istheaverageproductionemissionintensityin2030intheIEANetZero

by2050Scenarioforallsixindustries.8.143Emissionintensitythresholdsareindustryaveragevaluesandwillnotbemetbyallproduction,givenmultipleproductionroutesand0.950.92300.59geographicalconstraints.Whilebestperformerswillbebelowaverage,someindividualsiteswillstillproduceaboveemissionintensitythresholds.0.502.60.450.430.220.100.110.03Thesevaluesare

alsosubjecttochangeasnet-zeroscenariosandprojectedindustries’emissionAluminium1Ammonia2SteelCementOilNaturalgas20202030(“reducedemission”)20402050(“low-emission”)intensitytrajectoriesevolve.4Notes:1

Basedonprimaryproduction

routes

only;2

Basedonoverallprimarychemicalsindustrytrajectory;3

Datafor2040foroilandgasisnotavailable,2050dataforoilandgasisbasedonbestavailabletechnologytoday;4

IEAhasstartedtodevelop“near-zero”

emissionintensitythresholds

forsteel(rangingfrom

50-400kgCO

/tofsteeldependingonscrapsteelcontent),andcement(rangingfrom

40-125kgCO

/tofcement),Source:

IEA,International

AluminiumInstitute(IAI)22howeverforthisiterationofthereport,

theIEANetZero

by2050emissionthresholds

are

usedforgreater

consistencyacross

theindustries;5

TonnesofCO

equivalent/tonneofproduction;

6

KilogramsofCO

equivalent/barrel

ofrefined

oil;7

CO

equivalent/millioncubicfeet.222AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker101

MissionandmethodologyTransformation

enablersare

assessedagainstfivestagesofreadiness.TechnologyInfrastructureDemandPoliciesCapitalIsthetechnologytoproducelow-emissionproductatcompetitivecostavailable?Istheinfrastructuretoenableuseoflow-emissiontechnologiesavailable?Canthemarketpaytherequiredgreenpremiumforthelow-emissionproduct?Are

supportingpoliciestoenablethegrowthofalow-emissionAre

returnssufficienttodriveinvestmentstowardslow-Keyreadinessquestionsindustryinplace?emissionassets?Thelow-emissionproductionThenecessaryinfrastructurerequiredbythelow-emissionindustryisfullyinplace.Thewholemarketcanpaytherequiredgreenpremium.Policiesfullycomplementcurrentenvironment

(technology,

infrastructure,demand,capital),tosupportgrowthofthelow-emissionindustry.Low-emissioninvestmentstechnologiesare

fullyavailableandcompetitivewithhigh-emissionalternatives.generatesufficientreturnforallCapEx2

toflowtowardslow-emissionproductionassets.StageThelow-emissionproductiontechnologiesare

largelycommercialandcompetitivewithhigh-emissionalternatives.Thenecessaryinfrastructurerequiredbythelow-emissionindustryislargelyinplace.Mostofthemarketcanpaytherequiredgreenpremium.Policiesstronglycomplementcurrentenvironment

(technology,

infrastructure,demand,capital),tosupportgrowthofthelow-emissionindustry.Low-emissioninvestmentsgeneratesufficientreturnformostCapExtoflowtowardslow-emissionproductionassets.StageStageThelow-emissionThenecessaryinfrastructurerequiredbythelow-emissionindustryispartiallyinplace.Someofthemarketcanpaytherequiredgreenpremium.Policiesmoderatelycomplementcurrentenvironment(technology,infrastructure,demand,capital),tosupportgrowthofthelow-emissionindustry.Low-emissioninvestmentsproductiontechnologiesarelargelydemonstratedincommercialconditions.generatesufficientreturnforsomeofCapExtoflowtowardslaw-emissionproductionassets.Thelow-emissionproductiontechnologiesare

largelyprototypedatscale.Thenecessaryinfrastructurerequiredbythelow-emissionindustryisemerging.Alimitedportionofthemarketcanpaytherequiredgreenpremium.Limitedpoliciescomplementcurrentenvironment

(technology,

infrastructure,demand,capital),tosupportgrowthofthelow-emissionindustry.Low-emissioninvestmentsgeneratesufficientreturnforaminorityofCapExtoflowtowardslow-emissionproductionassets.StageStageThelow-emissionproductiontechnologiesare

largelyatconceptorearlyprototypestage.Thenecessaryinfrastructurerequiredbythelow-emissionindustryneedstobedevelopedalmostentirely.Onlyveryearlyadoptersinthemarketcanpaytherequiredgreenpremium.Very

limitedpoliciescomplementcurrentenvironment(technology,infrastructure,demand,capital),tosupportgrowthofthelow-emissionindustry.Low-emissioninvestmentsgeneratesufficientreturnforbarelyanyCapExtoflowtowardslow-emissionproductionassets.Notes:“Low-emission”productionisdefinedquantitativelyforeachindustryintermsofproductemissionintensity(scope1and2)asperIEANetZero

by2050Scenario;2CapitalExpenditure(CapEx).AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker111

MissionandmethodologyThefollowingcriteriaare

considered

whenassessingreadiness

stagesfortransformationenablers.TechnologyInfrastructureDemandPoliciesCapitalAvailabilityoftechnologyInfrastructurerequirementsMarketdynamicsIndustry/ProductspecificpoliciesAbilitytoattractcapital–

Technology

optionsforlow-emissionproduction–

Infrastructurecapacityrequiredby2050–

Sizeofmarket–

Productspecificationsstandards–

Productusestandards–

Availabilityofadequatetaxonomy–

Profitability/Levelofreturns–

Cashavailability–

Historicalpricevolatility–

Priceelasticityofdemand–

Technology

emissionabatementpotential–

Infrastructureinvestmentsrequiredby2050–

Publicprocurementstandards–

Availabilityandscalabilityofsubstitutes–

Productemissionregulation/penalties–

Creditrating–

Technology

readinesslevel(TRL)–

Technology

maturitytimeline–

CostofcapitalInfrastructuredeployment–

Greenpremiumfordirect–

Environment,sustainabilityandgovernance(ESG)rating–

Infrastructuredeploymentlevelcustomers/wholesalecustomersGeneralpoliciesCompetitivenessoftechnology–

Greenpremiumforendconsumers–

Carbonpricing–

Technology

impactonproductioncostCapitaldeployment–

CarbonborderadjustmentmechanismsEffectivegreendemand–

Scaleofinvestmentsneeded–

Numberofprojectsinvested–

AmountofgreenCapEx–

Amountofgreenbonds–

Marketshareoflow-emissionproducts–

Emissionregulation–

Publicaction/projects–

Ta

xbreaksTechnology

deployment–

Technology

adoption/deploymentlevel–

Volume

andstrengthofdemandsignals(e.g.regulation,publicprocurement)–

Subsidies–

AmountofR&Dinvestments–

Amountofventurecapitalinvestments–

AmountofgovernmentfundingNotes:Duetodataavailabilityconstraints,notallcriteriahavequantitativeindicatorsintheindustry-specifictrackers.Thislistisexpectedtoevolvefurtherwitheachiterationasdatabecomesavailable.AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker12Cross-industryfindings2AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker132.1Cross-industr

yfindings:Net-zero

performanceAbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker14GlobalGHGemissionsbysector(scope1and2)1Scope1and2vsscope3emissions22.1

Net-zeroperformanceThere

isnonetzerowithoutindustries;thedeepdecarbonizationofsixindustrialsectorsresponsible

for80%ofindustrialemissionsisnecessary.OilOilBuildingsNatural

gasNaturalgasSteelSteelAgricultureKeymessagesCementCementAluminiumAmmoniaIndustrialproduction-relatedemissions(scope3excluded)contributetoabout30%ofglobalman-madegreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.AluminiumAmmonia~80%

ofindustrialemissionsTransportSixsectorsare

responsibleforabout80%ofindustrialemissions

(scope3excluded).3Whilescope3emissionsmustalsobeaddressed,particularlyfortheoilandgassector,

industrialfirmsmustprioritizetheirscope1and2Otherindustries3Notes:1Scope2emissionshavebeenallocatedwithinthevariousindustrialemissions,whichtheyhavethemostcontrolover.sectorstorepresenttheshareofproduction-relatedemissions,butnotintoothernon-industrialsectors;2Scope3emissionsare

basedonGHGprotocolscope3standardsforeachoftheseindustries;3Otherindustriesincludepetrochemicals,coalmining,paperandpulp,ceramicsandothers;Source:IEA,IAI,WorldSteelAssociation(worldsteel),GlobalCementandConcreteAssociation(GCCA),AccentureanalysisLegend:Others2.0GTCO

e42Scope1and2Scope30.5GTCO

e2Size=Volume

ofGHGemissions4Gigatonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent(GTCO

e).2AbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker152.1

Net-zeroperformanceFourleverscancutproduction-relatedemissions:demandandproduction

optimization,industrialprocessdecarbonization,UnderstandingindustryemissionsIndustryemissionreductionleversHigh-levelcalculationIndustryscope1and2emissionsOptimizedemand1andproductionenergyefficiencyandenergysourcesdecarbonization.DecarbonizeProductionemission234ProductionintensityindustrialprocessLowerenergyconsumptionEnergy-relatedemissionsOtheremissionsDecarbonizeenergysourcesEmissionintensityofenergyusedEnergyneedAbbreviationsandacronymsContentsNet-ZeroIndustryTracker16KeymessagesProductionincreasefrom

2020to2050underbusiness-as-usual(BAU)andIEANetZero

by2050scenarios2.1

Net-zeroperformanceDemandforindustrialproducts

isexpectedtogrow

significantlyby2050;significantdemand-sideefficiencygainsmustbeBasicmaterialsandenergyunderpinnumerous

endproducts

andservicesinmodern

society.Demandforthesecommoditiesisexpectedtogrow

significantlyby2050inindustrybusiness-as-usual