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工程热力学和传热学第一篇 工程热力学EngineeringThermodynamics教师介绍主讲教师：吕欣荣办公地址：综合楼503

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.cn岳丹婷主编海事大学出版社出版《Basic

Engineering

Thermodynamics》Rayner

Joelfourth

edition《Heat Transfer

》J.P.Holman机械工业出版社教材：《工程热力学和传热学》机械工业出版社热工基础课程的考核方法与学习要求考核方法：百分制平时成绩占20％；期末考试占80％。学习要求：按时、独立、认真完成作业，一次不交扣5分，两次不交扣10分，3次不交扣20分。认真听课，遵守课堂纪律。抽查点名，3次无故旷课者取消期末考试资格。Chapter

1

Introduction1-1 Thermal

Energy

and

Its

Application1-2 Historical

Backround

of

Thermaldynamic1-3 Content

of

Thermaldynamics1-4 Energy

Conversion

in

Engines1-1 Thermal

Energy

and

ItsApplicationThermodynamics

is

the

study

of

energyChemical

energy, wind

power,

hydropower,

solarpower, nuclear

power

,

geothermal

powerconvertthethermalenergyinto

themechanical

energyuse

the

thermal

energy

directlyCarnot(1796

-

1832)1-2 Historical

Backround

of

thermaldynamicCarnot

Principles

(1824)1.The

efficiency

of

an

irreversibleheat

engine

is

always

less

thanthe

efficiency

of

a

reversible

oneoperating

between

the

same

tworeservoirs.2.The

efficiencies

of

all

reversibleheat

engines

operating

betweenthe

same

two

reservoirs

are

thesame.The

first

law

of

thermaldynamics(1842

)(conservation

of

energy

principle)energy

can’t

be

created

ordestroyed

during

a

process,

itcan

only

change

from

one

formto

another,

and

the

total

amountof

energy

remains

constantThe

theoretical

basis

for

1st

law

ofthermaldynamicsMayer(1814

-

1878)

Joule

(ca

1850)

–

the

firstthermodynamic

experimentalistmeasured:- With

energy,

heat

and

work

inthesame

units

the1st

lawwasestablished

based

onthisexperimentJoule(1818

-

1889)Clausius

Statement

(1850)It

is

impossible

to

construct

adevice

that

operates

in

a

cycleand

produces

no

effect

otherthan

the

transfer

of

heat

froma

lower-temperature

body

to

ahigher-temperature

body.the

concept

of

“Entropy”Clausius(1822

-1888)Kelvin-Planck

Statement(1851)It

is

impossible

for

anydevice

that

operates

on

acycle

to

receive

heat

from

areservoir

anda

net

amount

ofsingleproducework.the

expression

of

1st

lawof

thermaldynamicsLordKelvin

(1824-l907)热力学方面获诺贝尔奖的科学家（1）

J.D.范.德瓦尔斯

Johannes

van

derWaals(1837-1923)荷兰气体和液体状态方程

1910年诺贝尔物理学奖热力学方面获诺贝尔奖的科学家（2）M.普朗克Max

Planck(1858-1947)德国

发现能量子（量子理论）热二律

1918年诺贝尔物理学奖热力学方面获诺贝尔奖的科学家（3）W.H.能斯脱Walther

HermannNernst(1864-1941)德国热化学，熵基准

1920年诺贝尔化学奖热力学方面获诺贝尔奖的科学家（4）L.昂萨格LarsOnsager(1903-1976)美国

不可逆过程热力学理论

1968年诺贝尔化学奖热力学方面获诺贝尔奖的科学家（5）I.普里戈金

Ilya

Prigogine(1917-)比利时热力学的耗散结构理论1977年诺贝尔化学奖热力学方面获诺贝尔奖的科学家（6）K.G.威尔逊

Kenneth

G.

Wilson(1936-)美国临界重整化群理论1982年诺贝尔物理奖二、热力学的发展现状与趋势热力学理论热力循环火用分析热经济学节能技术低温工程边缘学科1-3 Content

of

ThermaldynamicsThermodynamics

is

derived

from

Greek

words:

Therme(Heat)

and

Dynamics

(power)Concisely,

thermodynamics

is

the

science

that

dealswith

conversion

of

energy

from

one

form

to

anotherThermal

energy：

microscopic

energy

related

to

the

molecularmotion,

disorganized

form

of

energy.Mechanical

energy：macroscopic

kinetic

energy

and

potential

energyOrganized

form

of

energy.laws、efficiencyThermal

Energy Mechanical

Energy1）basic

concepts

and

principles；2）properties

and

processes

of

substance3）engineering

applications；methods：1）Macroscopic

approach

to

thermodynamicsclassical

thermodynamics2）Microscopic

approach

to

thermodynamicsstatistical

thermodynamics1-4 Energy

Conversion

in

Devices1-4-1

Energy

conversion

in

power

cyclesVal compression

ignitionPower

cyclesVapor

power

cyclesGas

power

cyclesinletoutlet1.Gas

power

cycle2.Vapor

power

cycle热机High

temperaturereservoirheat

absorpt

Q1HeatengineWnetheat

rejected

Q2Low

temperaturereservoi