1钢结构施工计划

1钢结构施工方案ConstructionProcedureforSteelStructure1.1概述General1.1.1工程概况ProjectIntroduction上海乙烯裂解装置安装工程标段Ⅰ共有钢结构约5819吨，主要工程量详见表1.1-1，包括装置内区域间管廊结构、设备框架结构、设备附属结构及其它零星结构，主要钢结构全部由H型钢柱和钢梁构成，采用大六角头高强度螺栓连接。Thereistotal5819tonssteelstructureinShanghaiethylenecrackingplantinstallationworkpackageI.Themainamountsofworkspleaseseethefollowingtable1.1-1.Itincludespiperackbetweenunitsofproject,steelsupportframesforequipment,accessorysteelstructureofequipment&otherlittlestructuralsteel.AllthemainsteelstructuresaremadeofH-shapecolumnsandbeams.Theyareconnectedbyheavyhexagonsteelboltsandnuts.钢结构工程量一览表表1.1-1序号项目单位数量备注1设备框架、管廊结构吨49942设备平台、梯子吨7483高强螺栓吨774防腐吨40845防火吨910合计吨5819框架、平台及螺栓ScheduleofAmountofSteelStructureWorksTable1.1-1No.ItemUnitAmountNote1SteelsupportframeforequipmentandpiperackTons49942PlatformsofequipmentandstairsTons7483High-tensileboltsandnutsTons774PreservationTons40845FirepreventionTons910TotalTons5819Frame,Platform&Bolts钢结构安装工程的主要工作内容包括材料检验、构件预制与安装、构件防腐与防火施工以及焊缝无损检测等。Themainworksofstructuralsteelinstallationincludematerialsinspection,memberprefabrication,memberpreservationandfirepreventionandNDTofweldingetc.本工程实行工厂化作业，钢结构预制将根据合同条件及、建设单位的要求全部在施工生产暂设的结构加工场区进行；安装施工时，根据结构柱基础移交进度情况，统筹安排钢结构预制安装进程，总体原则是：优先进行管廊结构的安装，后进行钢框架的安装，对妨碍大型设备运输、吊装的钢结构可依据现场进度情况适当推迟，以确保乙烯裂解装置总体进度计划实施。管廊结构的安装，拟利用50吨～270吨等不同等级的吊车将预制合格的构件逐件吊装完成；设备框架的安装，如设计与安装条件许可，拟在其安装位置就近预制成片或箱形的单元结构，利用大型吊车整体安装。Factorialfabricationshallbetakeninthisproject.Alltheprefabricationworksofsteelstructurewillbecarriedoutatoursteelsstructurefabricationworkshop.Theinstallationworksofsteelstructurewillbecarriedoutaccordingtotheturningoverconditionoffoundation.Theprefabricationandinstallationworksofsteelstructurewillbegivenanoverallconsideration.Thegeneralprincipleisthatfirstinstallpiperack,theninstallsteelframes.Forstructuralsteelthatwillgetinthewayoftransportandliftingworksofheavydutyequipmenttheinstallationworkscanbepostponedaccordingastheconstructionprogressofsite.Weintendtousethecranescapacitiesfrom50tonsthrough270tonstoliftthatprefabricatedcomponents.Ifitispermissionbydesigningandinstallationconditions,fortheinstallationofsteelframesweproposetoassemblethemintoonepieceandliftedwithaheavydutycrane.每道工序完成后应及时向后续工序如防腐、管道安装、设备安装及防火层施工等办理书面工序交接。Aftereachprocessstepfinished,writtenhandingoverworksshallbetakentothefollowingprocessstepintimelysuchaspreservation,pipeinstallation,equipmentinstallationandfirepreventionetc.1.1.2——02CNSHY26SECCO121上海赛科石油化工有限公司《乙烯装置安装工程施工标段Ⅰ招标文件》及其答疑文件。PackageITenderFilesofInstallationWorksofEthylenePlantandclarificationfilesofShanghaiSECCOPetrochemicalCo.Ltd.——GB50205-95《钢结构工程施工及验收规范》CodeForConstructionAndAcceptanceOfSteelStructureEngineering——SH3076-96《石油化学工程建筑结构设计规范》CodeforDesignofBuildingstructuresinPetrochemicalEngineering——JGJ82-91《钢结构高强螺栓连接的设计、施工及验收规范》CodeforDesign,FabricationandAcceptanceofHighStrengthBolts——JGJ81-91《建筑物钢结构焊接规范》SpecificationforWeldingofStructuralSteelinBuildings——SH3507-1999《石油化工钢结构工程施工验收规范》 CodeofConstructionandAcceptanceofSteelStructureEngineeringforPetrochemicalIndustry——PH-00-TSC-ST-0002《现场结构设计原则》SiteStructuralPhilosophy——SD-00-TSC-ST-0001《钢结构材料、制作和安装标准》StandardForSteelStructures–Material,FabricationAndErection——SD-00-TSC-ST-0002《钢结构设计标准》StandardForSteelStructures–Design——SD-00-TSC-CV-0012《钢结构防火标准》SteelStructures-FireproofingStandard——SD-00-TSC-MS-0023《保护涂层标准及使用要求》StandardForProtectiveCoatingsAndApplicationRequirements——PH-00-TSC-MS-0001《材料选择和防腐原则》MaterialSelectionAndCorrosionProtectionPhilosophy

1.2主要施工顺序TheMainConstructionSequence钢结构安装工程的主要施工顺序见图1.2-1。除锈涂漆施工准备图纸会审方案的编制 除锈涂漆施工准备图纸会审方案的编制切割下料C放样号料C结构预制材料检验A切割下料C放样号料C结构预制材料检验A定位焊接C校核组装C调直整平C定位焊接C校核组装C调直整平C焊接施工C构件尺寸检验B焊缝质量检验B焊接施工C构件尺寸检验B焊缝质量检验B编号包装C喷砂打磨C运输出厂C编号包装C喷砂打磨C运输出厂C安装C结构安装基础螺栓处理C基础验收A安装C结构安装基础螺栓处理C基础验收A节点焊接C整体找正C找正、找平C节点焊接C整体找正C找正、找平C局部除锈、喷砂、打磨B焊接质量检验B局部除锈、喷砂、打磨B焊接质量检验B涂刷面漆、防火交工验收A联合检查B涂刷面漆、防火交工验收A联合检查BAA--停检点,B--报告点,C--见证点图1.2-1钢结构施工程序图

Themainconstructionsequenceofsteelstructurepleaseseefollowingdragram1.2.1Derusting&PaintingSchemeEstablishmentDerusting&PaintingSchemeEstablishmentConstructionPreparationPrefabricationCutting&LayingoffCPrefabricationCutting&LayingoffCMaterialInspectionALofting&MaterialdraftingCAlignment&LevelingCAlignment&LevelingCHandingOverInspection&AcceptanceAJointInspectionBPaintingTopCoat&FirePreventionPartlyDerusting,Sandblasting&GrindingBWeldingQualityInspectionBEntiretyAlignmentCConnectionWeldingCAlignment&LevelingCSteelstructureInstallationFoundationInspection&AcceptanceAFoundation&AnchorBoltTreatmentCInstallationCA—Stop&InspectPoint,B—ReportingPoint,C—WitnessPointDiagram1.2-1TableforSteelStructureConstructionChecking&AssemblyCFixingWeldingCTransferringtoSiteCMarking&PackingCSandBlastingCMembersDimensionInspectionBWeldingQualityInspectionBWeldingCDrawingJointTrial`HandingOverInspection&AcceptanceAJointInspectionBPaintingTopCoat&FirePreventionPartlyDerusting,Sandblasting&GrindingBWeldingQualityInspectionBEntiretyAlignmentCConnectionWeldingCAlignment&LevelingCSteelstructureInstallationFoundationInspection&AcceptanceAFoundation&AnchorBoltTreatmentCInstallationCA—Stop&InspectPoint,B—ReportingPoint,C—WitnessPointDiagram1.2-1TableforSteelStructureConstructionChecking&AssemblyCFixingWeldingCTransferringtoSiteCMarking&PackingCSandBlastingCMembersDimensionInspectionBWeldingQualityInspectionBWeldingCDrawingJointTrial钢结构的预制应根据承包合同条件、建设单位的要求和及结构供货状况及下列要求进行。Theprefabricationofstructuralsteelshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotheconditionofcontract,requirementofemployer&statusofsupplystatusofrawmaterials.1.3.1工艺流程ProcessFlow施工图施工图设计、审查材料验收型材矫形号料下料制孔坡口加工组装、焊接除锈防腐编号出厂质量检验检查、矫形图1.3-1 钢结构制作工艺流程Design&reviewshopdrawingDesign&reviewshopdrawingPurchase&AcceptanceofrawmaterialSectionalmaterialstraighteningMaterialdraftingCutting-offMakeholeMachininggrooveAssembling&weldingRustremoval&anti-corrosionNumber&ex-factoryQualityinspectionInspection&straighteningDiagram1.3.1.3.2施工图审核与深化设计图样ReviewingAndDetailingDesignDrawings使用芬兰TeklaOy公司开发用的、世界知名钢结构三维拆图软件--XSteel（我公司曾使用该软件绘制厦门翔鹭PTA工程约6700T钢结构制造图），绘制、出版与结构设计图样一致，更适于工厂化生产的钢结构构件加工详图（车间大样图）和材料清单，以进一步提高施工效率，保证施工质量，确保工地安装的进度。Weprepareshopdrawingsusingthewordfamous3Dsteelstructuredrawingsoftware–XSteelwhichdevelopedbyFinlandTeklaOyCo.(Ourcompanyhasusedthesoftwarepreparingshopdrawingsforalmost6700tonssteelstructureforXiamenXiangluPTAproject).Theseshopdrawingsareconcordantwithdesigndrawingsandsuitedtofactorialfabrication.Itcanincreaseworkefficiency,assureconstructionquality,ensureinstallationprocessatsite.1.3.3材料验收RawMaterialsAcceptance（1）材料验收程序AcceptanceProcedureofMaterials——材料送达仓库后，进入待验收区，由保管员及时对材料的包装、数量和外观进行检查，并填写“到货日记”及“验收通知单”，24小时内由检验员到仓库验收Afterthematerialbeingsenttothewarehouse,enterintotheareawaitingforacceptance,thekeepershouldcheckthepackage,quantityandappearanceofthematerialsintimeandfillin“deliveryjournal”and“acceptancenotice”,theinspectorshouldacceptthematerialinthewarehousewithin24hours.——材料责任工程师和检验员审核质量证件，并在质量证件上编号Materialresponsibleengineerandinspectorreviewthequalitycertificateandnumberonthequalitycertificate.——按检验分工，检验员负责外观质量验收和几何尺寸检测，保管员负责数量清点，如有不符，再由检验员复核Dividingtheworkasperinspection,theinspectorisresponsibleforinspectionofvisualqualityacceptanceandphysicaldimension.Thekeeperisresponsibleforaccountthequantity.Ifthereisanyunconformity,recheckbytheinspector.——若厂家提供的质量证件上有漏检项目或对其技术指标有质疑，可按材料标准进行所缺项目或其质疑项目的复验，由检验员制取试样，委托有资质的检验、试验机构检验Recheckmissedoroppugneditemsaccordingtothematerialspecificationbyainspectorwhopreparesatestpieceandwhichwillbecarriedoutbyaqualifiedtestingandinspectionagent,iftherearemisseditemsonqualitycertificatessubmittedbymanufacturersoroppugnitstechnicalindicators.——由检验员和材料责任工程师对检验、试验机构出具的检验、试验报告进行审核，如有不合格，按规范规定处理Materialresponsibleengineerandinspectorreviewtestingorinspectionreportssubmittedbytesting&inspectionagent,ifitareunqualified,handleitasperspecifiedstipulations.——检验合格的材料应在质量证明文件（包括检试验报告）的编号处标明材料标准、合格数量、验收日期等记载内容，并由检验员和材料责任工程师分别签章确认Materialstandard,qualifiedquantityandacceptancedateetc.ofqualifiedmaterialwillbemarkedonthenumberingplaceofqualitycertificatedocuments,andMaterialresponsibleengineerandinspectorwillsignandaffixwithpersonalsealtoconfirmitrespectively.——由检验员按规定对检验合格材料实物作标识，保管员和检验员分别在入库单上签章，办理入库手续Aninspectorwillmakeidentificationsforqualifiedmaterialsaccordingtospecifiedrequirements.Akeeperandinspectorwillsignawarehousingentryandaffixwithpersonalsealrespectively,anddealwithwarehousingprocedure——对检验不合格的材料，应做好标识且隔离存放，报计划员和材料责任工程师评审，采取退货或降级使用等方法分别处置Makingidentificationsandisolatingunqualifiedmaterials,reportittoaplannerandmaterialresponsibleengineertoreview,andthendealwiththeseunqualifiedmaterialsbyreturnofgoodsordegradingapplicationetc..——经评审可降级使用的材料应有详细记录、处置意见和特殊标识，并应在限定范围内使用Detailedrecord,handlingopinionandspecialidentificationshouldbemadeforallowabledegradingapplicationmaterialsafterreviewed,andutilizewhichinalimitedrange.（2）材料质量证明文件的管理Managementofqualitycertificatedocumentofmateriala质量证明文件分类Classificationofqualitycertificatedocument——供货厂家提供的原始质量证明文件Originalqualitycertificatedocumentssubmittedbysupplier——有考证和追踪价值的原始证明文件的复印件Copiesoforiginalqualitycertificatedocumentsworthoftextualresearchandtracing.b质量证明文件的要求Requirementofqualitycertificatedocument——证明文件必须有发证单位公章，当分供方提供的证明文件为复印件时必须加盖分供方的公章和经办人签章，且字迹清晰Anofficialsealmustbeonthecertificatedocument;anotheroneandpersonalsealoftransactorshouldbeprovidedclearlyifwhichisacopysubmittedbysupplier.——证明文件的品名、规格、型号、材质、生产批号、标记数量等要与材料实物或其标记的相应内容相符Filename,specification,types,material,batchnumberofproductionandmarkedquantitiesshouldmeetthephysicalgoodsorrelevantdescriptionofitsmarks.——证明文件所证明材料应符合相应法规的要求Certifiedmaterialsofcertificatedocumentshouldmeetrequirementsofrelevantcodes.c证明文件审核Reviewofcertificatedocument——由检验员在证明文件上作“检验记载”，“检验记载”的内容包括材料计划员所编证明文件的编号、材料验收时所遵循的材料标准代号、证明材料数量及其它说明事项并签章Ainspectorprepareainspectionrecordonthecertificatedocuments,whichincludesserialnumbermarkedbyamaterialplanner,followedmaterialstandardcodewhenacceptingmaterial,quantityofcertificatedocumentsandotherinstructionsaswellassignedandaffixedwithpersonalseal.——由材料责任工程师审核证明文件，确认无误后签章Amaterialresponsibleengineerreviewcertificatedocumentsandsignwithpersonalsealafterconfirmation.d证明文件的管理Managementofcertificatedocument——原始质量证明文件应统一由物资供应部负责，按材料类别归档保管，工程竣工后，统一交技术管理部纳入交工技术文件Materialsupplyingdepartmentisresponsibleforthemanagementoforiginalqualitycertificatedocument,achievingwhichaccordingtomaterialclassificationsandhandoverittotechnicalmanagementdepartmentashand-overdocumentsafteracceptingofthework.——发料时应随时向领料单位提供查询质量证件的方便，必要时应按领料单位的要求提供材料质量证明文件的副本或复印件Providetheinquiringconvenienceofqualitycertificatetomaterialdrawingdepartmentwhileissuingmaterials,ifnecessary,provideduplicateorcopies.（3）材料的标识管理Identificationmanagementofmaterial材料经验收合格后，检验员才能用标签、标牌、钢印等方式作标识。Ainspectorcanmarkqualifiedmaterialswithalabel,indextagandsteelsealetc.afterithasbeenaccepted.当对材料进行分离使其标识只能位于其中一部分上时，应进行标识的移植。Whenseparatingmaterial,theidentificationonitwillalsobeplacedoneachseparatedparts.（4）仓储管理Storagemanagement——焊接材料存放在可控温度和湿度的库房内，防腐材料的储存在一般的封闭库房内，钢材存放在露天料场。露天料场应有环形道路，并做好排水沟。存放材料应垫高300mm以上，阴雨天气或长期存放时还应用蓬布等盖严。Weldingmaterialsshouldbestoredinadepotofcontrollabletemperatureandhumidity,whilestoringanticorrosionmaterialinasealedwarehouseandsteelmaterialcanbesetinaopenedlayingoutthatisequippedwithannularroadanddrainditch.Storedmaterialsshouldbeunderlaidover300mmandcoveredwithcanvasinarainydayorstoringforalongterm.——材料入库验收合格后，保管员应凭“入库单”及时建立“保管员台帐”。Storekeepershouldprepareaaccountbookofkeeperaccordingtowarehousingentryaftermaterialsarequalifiedforwarehousingacceptance.——材料的收、支、存采用计算机进行库存动态管理。Dynamicmanagementforreceiving,issuingandstoringmaterialwillbecarriedoutwithacomputer.——材料的每个存放货位均应挂设标签，标签应注明材料的品名、规格型号、材质、遵循标准号或图号、数量、证件编号等内容，并建立台帐。Eachcargobayofmaterialswillhavealabelindicatingmaterialname,specificationandtype,materialandfollowedstandardnumberordrawingnumber,quantity,serialnumberofcertificatesetc..Aaccountbookshouldbeestablished.（5）材料检验内容Inspectingitemsofmaterial——钢材应具有质量证明书，并符合设计和专业标准的要求。钢材表面或断面不得有裂纹、结疤、折叠、气泡、夹层和分层，表面缺陷深度不应大于钢板厚度负偏差的1/2。Steelmaterialshouldhavequalitycertificatesandtallywithrequirementsofdesignandspecialtystandards.Cracks,scab,fold,bubble,interlayeranddelaminatingcannotbefoundonthesurfaceofsteelmaterialorcrosssection,andthedepthofsurfacedefectioncannotbemorethan1/2ofnegativeerrorofthicknessofsteelplate.——焊接材料应具有质量证明书，并符合设计和国家标准的规定。受潮变质、药皮破损、焊芯生锈的焊条严禁使用。Weldingmaterialsshouldhavequalitycertificatesandtallywithspecifiedstipulationsofdesignandnationalcode.Electrodeswithdeterioratedbywetting,damagedcoatingandrustedcorewireareforbiddentouse.——涂装材料，应有出厂质量证明书和检验报告，并符合设计要求和国家现行标准。高强螺栓、螺母、垫片应有质量证明书，按规格分别存放，并防止锈蚀和损伤。Paintedmaterialsshouldhaveexworksqualitycertificatesandinspectionreportsandtallywithrequirementsofdesignandcurrentnationalcode.Highstrengthbolt,nutandgasketsshouldhavequalitycertificates,andwhichcanbestoredrespectivelyasperspecificationpreventingfromcorrosionanddamage.——钢材的外形尺寸应符合表1.3-1的规定。Physicaldimensionofsteelmaterialshouldmeetthedatashowninthetable1.3-1.

钢材的外形尺寸要求（单位：mm） 表1.3-1序号项目允许偏差△图例1钢板局部平面度t≤14时≤1.5t>14时≤1.0△△t1000△L△L2型材弯曲矢高≤L/1000且≤5.03角钢肢的垂直度≤b/1004槽钢翼板对腹板的垂直度≤b/805工字钢、H型钢翼板对腹板的垂直度≤b/100且≤2.0Physicaldimensionofsteelmaterial（Unit：mm） Table1.3-1No.ItemAllowabledeviation△△t△t10001Partialflatnessofsteelplateast≤14,≤1.5ast>14,≤1.0△L△LBowarrowheightofsectionmaterialfor≤L/1000,≤5.03Verticalityofanglesteel≤b/1004Verticalityofwebofchannelflange≤b/805VerticalityofwebofI-beamandHprofilesteelfor≤b/100,≤2.01.3.4钢结构制作工艺FabricationProcessofSteelStructure（1）钢材的矫形Straighteningofsteelmaterial钢材使用前，进行外形尺寸检查，超差部分进行矫形，矫形后的外形尺寸应符合表要求3-1的要求。Carryingoutphysicaldimensioninspectionbeforeusingofsteelmaterials,forout-of-toleranceparts,shouldadoptstraighteningoperation,andphysicaldimensionsafterthatshallmeetdataoftable4.1.（2）放样、号料Loftingandmaterialdrafting放样采用钢结构设计软件实现，利用钢结构设计软件对节点图、大样图及构件图等车间制作大样图进行详细设计，保证放样的尺寸精度。根据大样图，在板材或型材上进行1：1号料划线，作为下料依据。大部分零部件采用数控机床号料。Loftingshallbeperformedbyadesignsoftwareofsteelstructure,andwhichalsocanbeusedfordesigningofthedetaildrawingsofnodediagram,detaildrawingandstructuraldrawingetc.preparedintheshop,atsametimetheaccuratedimensionshouldbeensured.Carryouttheloftingwitharateof1:1ontheplateorshapematerialsaccordingtothedetaildrawing.Anumericalcontrolmachinecanbeusedforloftingofmostofparts.放样、号料应根据工艺要求预留制作安装时的焊接收缩余量及切割、刨边和铣平等加工余量。放样允许偏差应符合表1.3-2的要求，号料允许偏差应符合表1.3-3的要求。Themechanicaltoleranceofweldingcontraction,cuttingoff,edgeshapingandmillingshouldbepreparedforloftingandsettingoutaccordingtoprocessrequirements.Theallowabledeviationofloftingshallmeettherequirementoftable1.3-2andwhichofmaterialdraftingwillmeettherequirementoftable1.3-3.放样的允许偏差 表1.3-2项目允许偏差平行线距离和分段尺寸±0.5mm对角线差1.0mm宽度、长度±0.5mm孔距±0.5mm角度±20′号料的允许偏差 表1.3-3项目允许偏差零件外形尺寸±1.0mm孔距±0.5mmAllowabledeviationoflofting Table1.3-2ItemAllowabledeviationDistanceofparallellinesandpartitiondimension±0.5mmMissdistanceofdiagonalline1.0mmWidthandlength±0.5mmHoledistance±0.5mmAngle±20′Allowabledeviationofmaterialdrafting Table1.3-3ItemAllowabledeviationPhysicaldimensionofparts±1.0mmHoledistance±0.5mm（3）下料CuttingOff钢材的切割下料采用机械剪切（SHEARCutter）、火焰切割（GASCutter）和带锯切割（SAWCutter）三种方法。Thecuttingmethodsofsteelmaterialincludethreemannerssuchas:SHEARCutter,GASCutterandSAWCutter.——厚度不大于12mm的钢板采用机械剪切，12mm厚度以上的钢板采用火焰切割。Theshearcutterwillbeadoptedforthesteelplatethatthicknessisnotmorethan12mm,ifwhichoverthatof12mm,thegascuttershallbeused.——H型钢和其他大规格的型钢采用带锯切割，小规格型钢采用火焰切割。ThesawcutterissuitableforthecuttingofH—shapesteelandotherlargespecificationofsteel,butsmallspecificationsteelcanadoptthegascutterforcuttingoff.——火焰切割尽可能使用数控切割机和自动切割机。Thenumericalcontrolcuttingmachineandautomaticcuttershallbeusedaspossibleascan.切割下料后零部件的外形尺寸应符合表1.3-4和表1.3-5的规定。Thephysicaldimensionsofcutpartsshouldmeetdatashowninthefollowingtable1.3-4and1.3-5.火焰切割的允许偏差 表1.3-4项目允许偏差（mm）零件宽度、长度±3.0切割面平面度0.05δ且≤2.0割纹深度0.2局部缺口深度1.0机械切割的允许偏差 表1.3-5项目允许偏差（mm）零件宽度、长度±3.0边缘缺棱1.0型钢端部垂直度2.0AllowableDeviationofGasCutting Table1.3-4ItemAllowabledeviation（mm）Widthandlengthofparts±3.0Flatnessofcutface0.05δand≤2.0Depthofcutstripe0.2Depthofpartialgap1.0AllowableDeviationofShearCutting Table1.3-5ItemAllowableDeviation（mm）Widthandlengthofparts±3.0Edgewane1.0Endverticalityofshapesteel2.0切割后，清理切割表面的熔渣、氧化层和飞边等残余物。Cleantheslag,oxidelayerandtrimgsonthecutsurfacesaftercuttingoffoperation.切割后的零部件应矫形，其外形尺寸符合表1.3-1的要求。矫正后的钢板表面，不应有明显的凹面或损伤，划痕深度不得大于0.5mm。Thecutpartsshouldbestraightenedandwhichphysicaldimensionwillmeettherequirementoftable1.3-1.（4）制孔MakingHoles螺栓孔采用三轴钻床、摇臂钻床和磁力钻等机械方法加工。Theboltholeshouldbefabricatedbyatriaxialdriller,beamdrillingmachineandmagneticdriller.H型钢和大规格型钢采用数控三轴钻床钻孔，次要杆件采用摇臂钻床钻孔。ThenumericalcontroldrillerwillbeusedforH—shapesteelandlargespecificationsteel,whilesecondarymembersshalladoptabeamdriller.柱头板和重要杆件连接板的螺栓孔，采用数控平面钻床进行加工，次要杆件连接板的螺栓孔可采用摇臂钻床等加工。Anumericalcontrolsurfacedrillerisusedforpreparingboltholesofconnectingplateofpileheadplateandimportantmemberbar,butwhichofsecondarymemberbarwillbepreparedbyabeamdrilleretc.螺栓孔的允许偏差应符合表1.3-6的规定。Theallowabledeviationofboltholesshouldmeetthedatashowninthetable1.3-6.螺栓孔的允许偏差（单位：mm） 表1.3-6螺栓的公称直径1620222427基础螺栓直径d螺栓孔直径17.522242630d+6孔径偏差0~0.430~0.520~0.520~0.840~0.840~2圆 度1.01.51.51.51.52.0AllowableDeviationofboltholes（Unit：mm） Table1.3-6Nominaldiameterofbolt1620222427DiameteroffoundationboltdDiameterofbolthole17.522242630d+6Deviationofaperturediameter0~0.430~0.520~0.520~0.840~0.840~2Roundness1.01.51.51.51.52.0螺栓孔的间距允许偏差应符合表1.3-7的规定。Theallowabledeviationofspacelengthofboltholeshouldmeetthedatashowninthetable1.3-7.螺栓孔的间距允许偏差（单位：mm） 表1.3-7螺栓孔的间距≤500501～12001200～3000>3000同一组内任意两孔间距允差±1.0±1.2——相邻两组的端孔间距允差±1.2±1.5±2.0±3.0Allowabledeviationofspacelengthofbolthole(Unit:mm) Table1.3-7Spacelengthofbolthole≤500501～12001200～3000>3000Allowabledeviationbetweenrandomtwoholesinthesamegroup±1.0±1.2——Allowabledeviationbetweenendholesintheadjacenttwogroups±1.2±1.5±2.0±3.0制孔后，应清除螺栓孔边缘的毛刺。不合格的螺栓孔不得采用钢块填塞，可采用与母材材质相匹配的焊条补焊后重新制孔。Removeburrsontheedgeoffabricatedboltholes.Unqualifiedboltholescannotbefilledupwithsteelblocks,butholescanbepreparedagainafteradoptedrepairingweldingbyelectrodesofaccordantmaterial.（5）坡口加工Groovespreparation焊接坡口可采用机械加工或火焰切割加工。H型钢接长焊缝坡口应采用机械加工，与柱连接的梁两端的焊缝坡口必须采用端铣机加工。坡口型式见表1.3-8。Thepreparationofweldinggroovescanadoptthegascutterandshearcutter.TheshearcutterissuitableforfabricatinglongweldingbeadgrooveofH—shapesteel,buttheweldinggrooveoftwoendofbeamconnectingwiththecolumnmustbepreparedbyanend-millingmachine.Groovetypespleaseseethefollowingtable1.3-8ChoosingofGrooveTypeTable1.3-8GeneralTypeThickness（mm）NormalDimension（mm）pb6～166～99～1655o±5o55o±5ob1±12±1p1+102±1ppb60o5o60o5o16～6016～60b2±1p2±1火焰切割后的坡口表面必须用砂轮清除坡口表面氧化皮并打磨平整，不得有深度大于1.0mm的凹痕。坡口表面的粗糙度应不大于50μm。Thegrindingwheelshouldbeusedforgrindingtpreparedgroovesurfacebygascutter,andacavewhichdepthismorethan1.0mmisnotpermitted.Theroughnessofgroovesurfaceshouldnotover50μm.坡口表面的水分、油污、熔渣等污物应清理干净。安装现场焊接的坡口表面应涂可焊性的防锈涂料。Cleanthewater,oilspotsandslagonthesurfaceofgroove.Weldabilityrust-resistingpaintshouldbeappliedforgroovesthatwillbeweldedoninstallationsite.（6）组装Assembling板材、型材的拼接，应在组装前进行，所有板材、型材的拼接均采用全熔透焊，焊接后必须进行矫正。H型钢、工字钢和槽钢采用45°斜接，使其上下翼缘板的拼接焊缝错开。型钢拼接时，腹板、翼板对接的允许偏差应符合表1.3-9的规定。Beforeassembling,carryoutsplicingofplateandsectionalmaterial.Thesplicingofallplateandsectionalmaterialwilladoptfullthroatwelding,andstraightenthesematerialsafterwelded.Hshapesteel,I-steelandchannelsteelwilltakebeveledconnectingof45°inordertostaggersplicedweldingseamsbetweenupperandlowerflange.Theallowabledeviationofjointingofwebandflangshouldmeetthedatashowninthetableof1.3-9.型钢腹板、翼板对接的允许偏差 表1.3-9项目允许偏差（mm）厚度方向错边量≤0.1δ且≤1.0宽度方向错边量腹板≤1.0翼板≤2.0Allowabledeviationofjointingofwebandflange Table1.3-9ItemAllowabledeviation（mm）Unfitnessofbuttjointinthedirectionofthickness≤0.1δ且≤1.0UnfitnessofbuttjointinthedirectionofwidthWeb≤1.0Flange≤2.0构件组焊前，零、部件应经检查合格，沿焊缝边缘每边30～50mm范围内的铁锈、油污等污物应清除干净。Checkwhetherpartsarequalifiedornotandgetridofrustandoilspotsetc.withintherangeof30～50mmalongeachsideofweldingseambeforeassembling.构件组装顺序应根据结构型式、焊接方法及焊接的顺序等因素确定，尤其要考虑焊接变形的影响，避免出现组焊后产生不可弥补的变形。构件焊接连接组装的允许偏差见表1.3-10。Theassemblingsequenceofpartsshoulddependonstructuretypes,weldingmethodsandproceduresetc.,especiallyconsideringtheeffectionofweldingdeformationavoidingirremediabledeformationproducedafterassemblingandwelding.Thetoleranceofmemberweldedconnectionshouldmeetthedatashowninthefollowingtable1.3-10.

构件焊接连接组装的允许偏差表1.3-10项目允许偏差（mm）图例对口错边（）/10且≤3.0aabababaehbhbb 间隙（a）±1.0搭接长度（a）±5.0缝隙（）5高度（h）±2.0垂直度（）b/100且≤2.0中心偏差（e）±2.0型钢错位连接处0其它处2.0箱形截面高度（h）±2.0宽度（b）±2.0垂直度（）b/100且≤3.0ToleranceofMemberWeldedConnectionTable1.3-10ItemTolerance（mm）Legend对口错边（）/10and≤3.0aabababaehbhbb Clearance（a）±1.0Lengthoflapover（a）±5.0Gaping（）5Height（h）±2.0Verticality（）b/100and≤2.0Centraldeviation（e）±2.0ProfileMisplacementJointPoint0Others2.0Heightofboxtypecrosssection(h）±2.0Width（b）±2.0Verticality（）b/100and≤3.0（7）H型钢柱H-shapesteelcolumna制作流程见图1.3-2，制作示意图见图1.3-3，制作示意图见图1.3-4。Pleaseseethefabricationfollowtable1.3-2andschematicdiagramoffabrication1.3-3.车间大样图车间大样图放样、号料制孔接合板切割制孔、切割、坡口加工成品外观整形焊接接合板组对图1.3-2 H型钢立柱制作流程ShopdetaildrawingShopdetaildrawingLoftingandmaterialdraftingMakingholeCuttingspliceplateMakinghole,cutting,machininggrooveFinishedproductAppearanceshapingWeldingAssemblingspliceplateFigure1.3-2 FabricationflowtableofH-shapesteelcolumn图图1.3-3 H型钢立柱制作示意图

FigureFigure1.3-3 sketchofH-shapesteelcolumnfabricationFigure1.3-4SketchofH-shapesteelbeamfabricationFigure1.3-4SketchofH-shapesteelbeamfabricationb连接板、加强筋板与H型钢立柱组焊时应符合下列要求：Thefollowingrequirementsshouldbemetwhenassemblingandweldinggussetplate,stiffenerandsteelbeam:——检查连接板的定位尺寸，标高允许偏差为±2mm，位置偏移允差为2mm；Checkpoisoningdimensionsofgussetplates,theallowabledeviationofdisplacementis2mm.——组对时，应使用定位胎、卡具。焊接时，应设置防变形板。Applypoisoningandclampapparatuswhenassemblingandwelding.Setupanti-deformingplateswhenwelding.——梁加工后的长度应比设计值小1mm，以利于现场安装。Thelengthoffabricatedbeamshouldbeless1mmthandesignedvaluesoastobeeasytoinstallonsite.c柱底板与立柱组焊时符合下列要求：Thefollowingrequirementshouldbemetwhenbaseplateisweldedwithcolumn:——柱底板中心线对立柱中心线偏移允差为2mm；Theallowabledeviationofthecenterlineofbaseplateis2mminrelationtothecenterlineofcolumn.——柱脚螺栓孔中心线对立柱轴线偏移距离允差为3mm；Theallowabledeviationofcenterlineofholeofanchorboltsis3mminrelationtothecenterlineofcolumn.——柱底板平整度允许偏差为1mThetoleranceofflatnessofbaseplateis1mm/m.d与梁的螺栓连接面，进行喷丸除锈，保证连接面的摩擦系数不小于0.45。并采取保护措施，粘贴胶带，防止二次锈蚀，但不得涂抹影响摩擦系数的油漆、油脂等。Carryoutshotblastingtoconnectedsurfaceofboltwithbeamandensurefricationfactorisnotlessthan0.45.Performprotectionmeasuressuchasstickingtheadhesivetapetopreventfromrustingagain.Butapplyingpaintsandoil&greasethatwillaffectthefricationfactorarenotpermitted.（8）焊接Welding结构预制焊接采用手工电弧焊和二氧化碳气体保护焊工艺方法。ManualelectricarcweldingandCO2gasshieldedweldingwillbeadopted.Processparametersofweldingareshowninthetable5.9a焊前准备Preparationbeforewelding——焊前编制焊接工艺规程，并经评定合格。Prepareweldingprocessprocedurebeforeperformingwelding,andwhichshouldbequalifiedthroughevaluation.——焊工应经考试合格，并取得相应的合格证。Weldersshouldbequalifiedthroughexaminationandgetrelevantqualificationcertificate.——焊条使用前按表1.3-11的规定进行烘干处理，药皮脱落、焊芯生锈的焊条不得使用。Dryelectrodesaccordingtorequirementsoftable5.8beforeusingit.Rustedcorewireorelectrodewithoutcoatingcannotbeused.——焊丝使用前应清除油污和锈蚀。Removerustandoilspotsontheweldingwirebeforeusing.——清理焊接区域的铁锈、油污等杂物。Getridofforeignmaterialssuchasironrustandoilspotsetc.withinweldingarea.焊条烘干要求 表1.3-11焊材种类烘干参数保温温度酸性焊条（150~200）℃x1hr（100~150）℃碱性低氢焊条（300~400）℃x1hr（100~150）℃Requirementofdryingelectrode Table1.3-11ElectrodetypesDryingparameterHoldingtemperatureAcidelectrode（150~200）℃x1hr（100~150）℃Basiclow-hydrogenelectrode（300~400）℃x1hr（100~150）℃b定位焊Tackwelding——定位焊采用的焊接工艺应与正式焊相同。Adoptedweldingprocessoftackweldingissameasthatofnormalwelding.——定位焊可采用手工电弧焊工艺方法。Tackweldingcanadoptmanualelectric-arcwelding.——定位焊缝的长度宜为30~50mm，间距宜为300~400mm，厚度为设计厚度的1/2~2/3。Thelengthoftackweldshouldbe30~50mm,spacelengthis300~400mmandthethicknessis1/2~2/3ofdesignedvalue.c焊接作业Weldingactivities——焊接采用手工电弧焊和二氧化碳气体保护焊工艺方法，焊接参数见表1.3-12。ManualelectricarcweldingandCO2gass