静电纺纳米纤维在气体传感器的应用研究进展

静电纺纳米复合纤维在气体传感器的应用研究进展Researchdevelopmentonapplicationofelectrospinningnanocompositefiberingassensor朱蕾411组会报告----文献综述01静电纺丝技术Electrospinning02气体传感器Gassensor03静电纺丝纤维制备气体传感器研究进展Researchdevelopmentofelectrospunfibersingassensor04总结与展望Conclusionandprospect目录COMPANYPARTONE静电纺丝技术Electrospinning静电纺丝发展历程Thehistoricaldevelopmentofelectrospinning年份发展历程1934Formhals申请了制备聚合物超细纤维的静电纺丝装置专利1966Simons申请了由静电纺丝法制备超薄、超细非织造膜的专利1981Larrondo等对聚乙烯和聚丙烯进行了熔融静电纺丝的研究1995Reneker研究组开始对静电纺丝进行研究。静电纺丝迅速发展1999Fong等对静电纺丝纳米纤维串珠现象及微观结构作了研究2000Spivak等首次采用流体动力学描述静电纺丝过程，并且提出了静电纺丝的工艺参数。Reneker等研究了静电纺丝过程的不稳定性2003全面系统地研究静电纺丝超细纤维微观形貌的影响因素、表征、过程参数的改进，以及静电纺丝制取纳米纤维后通过煅烧制备无机氧化物超细纤维等静电纺丝技术Electrospinning静电纺丝基本原理静电纺丝装置高压电源、喷丝头、接收板是组成静电纺丝装置的三大主要部分。高聚物作为纤维聚合材料，金属、陶瓷、玻璃体作为纤维前驱物电压100–500kVm-1电极间距离10-25cm静电纺丝过程中，聚合物的表面张力与带电液滴在喷丝头末端处于平衡，随着电压的加大，液滴被逐渐拉长形成锥体(Taylor锥)。当电场增加到临界值时，电荷斥力大于表面张力，射流从Taylor锥表面喷出。射流先后经过一个稳定和不稳定的拉长过程，变长变细，同时溶剂挥发固化，以无序状排列于接收装置上，形成纤维毡(网或者膜)。静电纺丝设备ExperimentalsetupforelectrospinningFigure1:AsetupforcoaxialelectrospinningFigure2.AnexperimentalsetupformultijetelectrospinningFigure4.Threeexperimentalsetupsforneedlelesselectrospinning.Figure3.Nanospider

静电纺丝技术Electrospinning纺丝液性质纺丝工艺参数环境参数聚合物分子量施加电压温度纺丝液粘度针头到收集板的距离湿度纺丝液浓度纺丝液流量纺丝室气流速度纺丝液电导率纺丝液弹力纺丝液表面张力静电纺丝的影响因素ADDTITLEPleaseaddyourtitlehere,andyoucandirectlycopyandpasteyourtitlehere.MaintitleAddyourtitlehere,Themeaningofdesigntemplates.MaintitleAddyourtitlehere,Themeaningofdesigntemplates.MaintitleAddyourtitlehere,Themeaningofdesigntemplates.MaintitleAddyourtitlehere,Themeaningofdesigntemplates.PARTTWO气体传感器Gassensor气体传感器Gassensor.定义气体传感器是一种将检测到的气体类别、成分和浓度转换为电信号的传感器。分类按照其气敏材料来区分，可以分为金属氧化物半导体类，固体电解质类，有机高分子类等；按器件的制作手段方法可以分为薄、厚膜型，烧结型；按所应用探测气体种类还可以分为：氧气类传感器、乙醇类传感器和氢类传感器等；按照原理来可分为：电学类、光学类、电化学类等气体传感器。气体传感器示意图气体传感器的应用Theapplicationofgassensor环境保护对汽车尾气的排放标准进行控制、分析。医疗诊断检测人体呼吸出来的气体，诊断疾病，如肠胃功能紊乱、糖尿病、酒驾的检测等家庭及工业安全控制并且检测有害气体。许多有毒气体的检测如NH3,H2S,CO,CO2,NOx、水蒸汽等。易燃易挥发有机化合物(VOCs)的检测、有毒有害废气监测。食品加工的领域芳香气体类传感器可以在烤肉、烤面包的过程中进行检测以保证食物新鲜。

太空中的应用氧气传感器、监测氢气的泄漏等。气体传感器常用术语TermsofGassensor.响应时间选择性灵敏度元件在规定的工作条件下，其在一定的气体浓度下的输出（电压、电流、电阻等，下同）与洁净空气或参比气体中的输出的差值或比值。传感器接触的气体浓度发生阶跃变化时，其输出变化达到稳定值的规定的百分比（一般为70%或90%）时所需的时间。指传感器对气体种类的识别能力。稳定性在规定的工作条件下和一定的工作周期内，传感器的输出变化不超过允许误差的能力。在一定的工作条件下，传感器的输出变化超过允许误差的时间。传感器在规定测量范围内可能检测出的被测量的最小变化量。

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