北京市2023-2024学年高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题（Word版含答案无听力部分）

第第页北京市2023-2024学年高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题（Word版含答案，无听力部分）北京市2023-2024学年高三上学期入学定位考试

英语

本试卷共13页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ItwasanordinarysummerafternoonwhenIfirstfoundoutaboutmygrandpa’s1garden.

Thatday,afterschool,insteadofwalkingstraighthome,Idecidedtovisitmygrandpa,wholivedjustafewblocksaway.

WhenIgotthere,Isawthefrontdoorwasslightlyopen.Ipusheditopenbutfoundnobody.Curiosityand2mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever3before.Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.Iwalked4,marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle.Suddenly,Iheardarustlingsoundfromanearbybush,followedbyasoftandfamiliarvoice.

“Ididn’t5youtofindthisplace,mydear,”mygrandpasaid,emergingfrombehindthegreenleaveswithabroadsmile,holdingawateringcan.

6bythebeautyofthegarden,Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview.Afterwhatfeltlikeforever,Iasked,“Grandpa,whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutthisplace”

Heshruggedandreplied,“Iwantedittobea7,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink”

Sincethatday,wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s8.Thatgarden,whichIdiscovered9,becameourplayground,ahavenofpeaceinthemidstofourbustlingcitylives.

Lookingbacknow,IrealizethatthegreatestthingIfoundinthatgardenwasnotthebeautifulscenery,butthepreciousmemoriesand10Ibuiltwithmygrandpa.

1.A.tinyB.secretC.romanticD.natural

2.A.concernB.relaxationC.delightD.excitement

3.A.appreciatedB.doubtedC.noticedD.recognized

4.A.homeB.backC.awayD.further

5.A.expectB.hopeC.allowD.tell

6.A.DisturbedB.OverwhelmedC.AngeredD.Amused

7.A.mysteryB.giftC.challengeD.wonder

8.A.gardenB.companyC.greetingD.memories

9.A.asusualB.inparticularC.onpurposeD.bychance

10.A.peaceB.balanceC.bondD.trust

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Aliteraturereviewisasurveyofscholarlysources11aspecifictopic.Itprovidesanoverviewofcurrentknowledge,allowingyoutoidentifyrelevanttheories,methods,andgapsinthe12（exist）researchthatyoucanlaterapplytoyourpaper,thesis,ordissertationtopic.Agoodliteraturereviewdoesn’tjustsummarizesources—itanalyzes,synthesizes（综合）,and13（critical）evaluatestogiveaclearpictureofthestateofknowledgeonthesubject.

B

SwedishstudentsgenerallywelcomeAItoolsineducation,but62%considerusingchatbotsinexamsascheating.However,theboundariesofcheatingwithAIremainuncertain.Thisresult14（show）inasurveyfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology.Thestudy,thefirstofitskind15（investigate）students’attitudestowardsAIineducationhasgatheredcrucialinformationandpresentedtheresultsinanoverviewreport.Theresearchershopethesurvey’sfindingswillempowerstudents16helpthemgetabetterunderstandingofAI’sroleinlearning.

C

Rachelhadalwaysbeenfascinatedwiththemysteriesofthesea.Shedreamedofexploringthe17（deep）ofitanddiscoveringunknowncreatures.Herobsessionintensifiedwhenshediscoveredanoldmapinhergrandfather’sattic（顶楼）,whichshowedaplacemarked“hiddentreasure”.Ignoring18hermotherhadwarned,shestartedasmall-boatadventure.Afterhoursofsearchingwithnoluck,afriendlygiantoctopusappeared,guidinghertoasecretcave19shefoundtreasuresbeyondherwildestdreams.Fromthisexperience,Rachel20（know）thatthebravestseekersoftenfindthegreatesttreasures.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

StargazingFestivalsin2023

Asmoreareasgrowbrighterwithlightpollution,nationalparksacrossthecountryhavebecomedark-skyhavens.Overtheyears,theyaremakingapushtogetcertifiedashavensforsky-watchingbytheInternationalDarkSkyAssociation,andtheyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy.

·BryceCanyonNationalPark—June14-17

SituatedinsouthernUtah,BryceCanyonearneditsdark-skytitlein2023.The35,835-acreparkisanidealplacetostayuplate.Thisyear,itsannualastronomyfestivalincludesguidedstargazingsessions,lecturesand“starstories”presentations,family-friendlyactivities,andevenaperformancebystringsmusiciansinthenorthernArizona-basedDarkSkyQuartet.

·ShenandoahNationalPark—August11-13

Convenientlylocatedwithinaday’sdrivefromtwo-thirdsofAmericans,ShenandoahNationalPark’snightskyfestivalisalow-liftwaytodabbleinastronomy.Thenearly200,000-acreparkwillhostrangertalks,publicstargazingsessions,lectures,presentations,andactivitiesforkids.Staffersarestillworkingonthisyear’sfullschedule,butpasteventshavecoveredtopicsrangingfromspaceweathertonocturnal（夜间的）creatures.

·GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16

GreatBasinisoneoftheleastcrowdednationalparks,makingittheperfectplacetoquietlyappreciatethemysteriesofthecosmos.Itsannualastronomyfestivalisscheduledforthisfallandincludesguestspeakers,constellationtalks,observatorytours,andaphotographyworkshop.Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor.

·JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14

JoshuaTreeNationalPark,astheInternationalDarkSkyAssociationnotes,isthe“nearestconvenientplacetogostargazingunderarelativelydarksky”forthe18millionpeoplewholiveintheLosAngelesarea.Itbecameanofficialdarkskyparkin2023,andeachyear,ithostsanightskyfestivalinthefall.Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse.FromJoshuaTree,themoonwillappeartoobscurebetween70and80percentofthesun.

21.WhatisthepurposeofStargazingFestivals

A.Toraisepublicinterestinastronomy.

B.Tocallforactionagainstlightpollution.

C.Toprovideaplatformtoobservestars.

D.Tocollectmoneyformoreobservatories.

22.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttoexperienceworkinginlow-lightconditions

A.BryceCanyonNationalPark.B.ShenandoahNationalPark.

C.GreatBasinNationalPark.D.JoshuaTreeNationalPark.

23.WhatmightbeabonustovisitorstoJoshuaTreeNationalParkduringthefestivals

A.Anobservatorytour.B.Aphotographyworkshop.

C.Astargazingtour.D.Asolareclipse.

B

HorsebackRiding

Fourth-graderMaliahMcCasterstrolledintoherclassroomatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.ElementarySchoolinNewYork,holdingatoypony.

Injustafewhours,shewouldboardaschoolbusalongsideherclassmatesandheadoutforamorningofhorsebackriding.TheweeklyactivitycomesthroughapartnershipwithVictoriaAcresEquineFacilityinGuilderland,whichoffersatherapeuticridingprogramtoempowerindividualswithdisabilities.

SpecialeducationteacherMorganGrimmsaidtheactivity,whichtakesplacetwiceaweek,hasallowedMaliah,whohasautism,toconnectwithothersandenjoyalearningenvironmentoutsideofatraditionalclassroom.

“She’sasupersensorygirl.Onthedaysthatwe’renothere,she’sseekingalotmoreattentionandherbehaviorsareabitincreased.Butonthedayswecomebackfromthefarm,she’salotcalmer,”Grimmsaid.“We’reseeinganincreaseinhermakingsentencesandheroveralllanguage.”

The10-year-oldisoneoffourstudentswithautismwhoareparticipatinginthepilotprogram,officiallylaunchedattheGuilderlandfarmearlierinthespring.Theyrecentlyhadtheirfourthridingsession.

VictoriaAcres,foundedin2023,providesmorethan2,300ridinglessonsandtherapieseveryyear.Therecentadditionofanindoorridingfacilityhasallowedthenonprofittoexpanditsprogramsyear-round,providinganaverageof48lessonsperafternoon.

Despitethebusyschedule,thefarmpaysextraattentiontothehealthandwell-beingofitseighttherapyhorses,ensuringeachanimalparticipatesinamaximumofthreehalf-hoursessionseachday.Manyoftheanimalsareolder,whichmakesthemespeciallysuitablefortherapyduetotheirgentle,calmnature.

Likeothernonverbalstudents,Averyusesa“tap-tap”motiontosignalthehorsetomoveforward.Hisfeetbarelyreachthestirrups,buthelooksateaseandconfidentasherocksbackandforthatopthegentlegiant.

“Helookslikeacowboy,”saidKristinMunrett,principalofDr.MartinLutherKingJr.Elementary.

Asthechildrenexploredthepropertywiththeirsupportstaff,pointingatthedonkeysandwatchingthehorsesgraze,itwasclearwhytheexecutivedirectorofthenonprofit,ErinPashley,calleditherhappyplace.

24.Accordingtothepassage,thehorsebackridingprogramisdesignedto______.

A.curechildren’sphysicaldisabilities

B.developchildren’sinterestinlearning

C.treatchildren’scommunicationdisorder

D.promotechildren’srelationshipwithanimals

25.Besidesofferinglessons,theVictoriaAcresEquineFacilityalsovalues______.

A.thestateofanimalsonthefarm

B.thetrainingoftheworkingstaff

C.thebuild-upofchildren’scharacter

D.thefeedbackofthetrainedchildren

26.Howdidthechildrenfeelwhiletheywereonhorseback

A.Afraidbutproud.B.Relaxedandconfident.

C.Nervousbuthappy.D.Calmandconcentrated.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage

A.Freedomisthekeytoself-confidence.

B.Loveistogrowthwhatwateristoseeds.

C.Passionisthegreatestmentorworldwide.

D.Diligenceandperseveranceleadtosuccess.

C

ResearchfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniahasshownthatsocialmediausersarelikelytosharepoststhatcontaininformationthattheyfeelisrelevanttothemselvesortothepeopletheyknow.Inotherwords,peoplesharepoststhattheybelievetohavevalue—eithertothemselvesortotheirrelationshipswithothers.

Anewstudyhasfoundthatmerelyencouragingpeopletoconsiderthevalueledtoincreasedactivityintheareasofthebrainassociatedwithsharingdecisionsandincreasedaperson’smotivationtoshareanarticle.

“Alotofpriorresearchonwhatmakespostsgoviralhasfocusedonidentifyingthecharacteristicsofmessagesthataresharedoftenornotsharedoften,”saysleadauthorChristinScholz.“We’relookingattheneuralmechanismsofsharingdecisions.Targetingthosemechanismscouldbeawaytoencouragethespreadofhigh-qualityhealthinformation.”

Duringthestudy,ledbyseniorauthorEmilyFalk,participantswereinstructedtoconsidersharingarticlesabouthealthylivingfromTheNewYorkTimeswhiletheirbrainactivitywasmeasuredbyfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging（fMRI）.

InsidethefMRIscanner,participantswereaskedtothinkaboutsharinganarticlewithaspecificgoalinmind:toeither“helpsomebody”（usethearticletorelatepositivelytoothers）orto“describeyourself”（usethearticletopresentyourselfpositivelytoothers）.Asacontrol,participantswereassignedtheneutral“tospreadinformation”goal.

“Inallareasoflife,peoplewanttopresentthemselvesinapositivelightortorelatepositivelytoothers,”Scholzsays.“Ourmethodencouragespeopletoidentifywaysinwhichtheycanfulfillthesemotivesthroughthesharingofhealtharticles.Iftheyaresuccessful,theyshouldbemorelikelytodecidetosharethearticle.”

Afterreadingtheheadlineandsummaryofahealth-relatedarticle,participantswereaskedtoconsiderwhattheymightsayorwritetoanotherstudyparticipantiftheyweretosharethearticlewiththem,keepinginmindtheirassignedgoal.Finally,participantsratedtheirlikelihoodtosharethearticleinreallife.

Thinkingaboutsharingintermsofhowitmighthelpsomeoneelsenotonlyincreasedactivationinbrainregionsassociatedwithself-relatedthinking,value-relatedthinking,andsocial-relatedthinking（particularlymentalizing—theactofimaginingwhatothersarethinking）,butalsoincreasedaperson’sself-reportedwillingnesstoshareanarticle.

“Ithinkwe’reonlyscratchingthesurfaceintermsofhowyoucouldencouragepeopletosharehigh-qualityhealthinformation,”Scholzsays.“Ahealthcommunicatormightwanttofocusonbeingaccurateandclearandnothavetoworryaboutwhethertheircontentisemotionaltogetclicks.We’retryingtofindwaystofocusonthewould-besharer,tohelpthemfindpersonalmeaninginsharingcontentthatcanbenefitothersandsociety.”

28.ThepurposeofChristinScholz’sstudyisto______.

A.makeherpostsgoviralontheInternet

B.encouragethespreadofhealthinformation

C.identifythecharacteristicsofsharedmessages

D.findoutwhypeopledecidetoshareinformation

29.Accordingtothepassage,whichismorelikelytobeshared

A.Anarticlethatisaccurateandorganized.

B.Anarticlecontainsinformationaboutbrains.

C.Anarticlethatmightbeusefulforsomefriends.

D.Anarticlethatcontainsdebate-triggeringinformation.

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage

A.Mostpeopletendtosharepostswhentheyareaskedto.

B.Peoplesharehealthyinformationtobuildpositiveself-images.

C.Researcherswellunderstandhowtoencourageinformationsharing.

D.Decidingwhethertoshareapostornotaffectstheactivationinsideourbrain.

D

Inourinformation-drivensociety,shapingourworldviewthroughthemediaissimilartoforminganopinionaboutsomeonesolelybasedonapictureoftheirfoot.Whilethemediamightnotdeliberatelydeceiveus,itoftenfailstoprovideacomprehensiveviewofreality.

Consequently,thequestionarises:Where,then,shallwegetourinformationfromifnotfromthemediaWhocanwetrustHowaboutexperts—peoplewhodevotetheirworkinglivestounderstandingtheirchosensliceoftheworldHowever,evenexpertscanfallpreytotheallureofoversimplification,leadingtothe“singleperspectiveinstinct”thathampers（阻碍）ourabilitytograsptheintricaciesoftheworld.

Simpleideascanbeappealingbecausetheyofferasenseofunderstandingandcertainty.Anditiseasytotakeoffdownaslipperyslope,fromoneattention-grabbingsimpleideatoafeelingthatthisideabeautifullyexplains,oristhebeautifulsolutionfor,lotsofotherthings.Theworldbecomessimplethatway.

Yet,whenweembraceasingularcauseorsolutionforallproblems,weriskoversimplifyingcomplexissues.Forinstance,championingtheconceptofequalitymayleadustoviewallproblemsthroughthelensofinequalityandseeresourcedistributionasthesolepanacea.However,suchrigiditypreventsusfromseeingthemultidimensionalnatureofchallengesandhinderstruecomprehensionofreality.This“singleperspectiveinstinct”ultimatelycloudsourjudgmentandrestrictsourcapacitytotacklecomplexissueseffectively.

Itsavesalotoftimetothinklikethis.Youcanhaveopinionsandanswerswithouthavingtolearnaboutaproblemfromscratchandyoucangetonwithusingyourbrainforothertasks.Butit’snotsousefulifyouliketounderstandtheworld.Beingalwaysinfavoroforalwaysagainstanyparticularideamakesyoublindtoinformationthatdoesn’tfityourperspective.Thisisusuallyabadapproachifyouwouldliketounderstandreality.

Instead,constantlytestyourfavoriteideasforweaknesses.Behumbleabouttheextentofyourexpertise.Becuriousaboutnewinformationthatdoesn’tfit,andinformationfromotherfields.Andratherthantalkingonlytopeoplewhoagreewithyou,orcollectingexamplesthatfityourideas,consultpeoplewhocontradictyou,disagreewithyou,andputforwarddifferentideasasagreatresourceforunderstandingtheworld.Ihavebeenwrongabouttheworldsomanytimes.Sometimes,comingupagainstrealityiswhathelpsmeseemymistakes,butoftenitistalkingto,andtryingtounderstand,someonewithdifferentideas.

Ifthismeansyoudon’thavetimetoformsomanyopinions,sowhatWouldn’tyouratherhavefewopinionsthatarerightthanmanythatarewrong

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“allure”inPara.2probablymean

A.Temptation.B.Tradition.C.Convenience.D.Consequence.

32.Whyaresimpleideasappealingaccordingtothepassage

A.Theymeetpeople’sdemandforhighefficiency.

B.Theygenerateasenseofcompleteunderstanding.

C.Theyareraisedandsupportedbymultipleexperts.

D.Theyreflecttheopinionsoflike-mindedindividuals.

33.Whatwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith

A.Simplifyingmattersreleasesenergyforhumanbrains.

B.Constanttestsonourideashelpmakeupforourweakness.

C.Awell-foundedopinioncountsmorethanmanyshallowones.

D.Peoplewhodisagreewithusoftenhavecomprehensiveviews.

34.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage

A.EmbracingDisagreement:RefusingOvercomplexity

B.SimplifyingInformation:EnhancingComprehension

C.UnderstandingDifferences:EstablishingRelationships

D.NavigatingComplexity:ChallengingOversimplification

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

AWayOutofSocialAnxiety:VolunteeringandActsofKindness

Asasociallyanxiousintrovert,Icanattest（证明）tothebenefitsofservingothersthroughvolunteeringinmycommunity.

Avolunteerjobdoesn’tneedtorequiresteppingintoabusyroomfullof100peopleataschoolorhospital.35Thiskindofworkismuchmoresuitableandagreeableforintroverts.

36WhenIhelpeldersorpeoplewithdisabilitieswhoaremoreisolatedandlonelierthanIam,Ifeelmynervousnessandself-consciousnessdisappear.MysocialawkwardnesslosesitsgriponmewhenI’mfocusedonhelpingsomeoneelseratherthanmyselformysocialperformance.Unlikeshowingupatajobinterview,businessmeeting,orspeakingengagement,workingasavolunteerwithpeopleinneedtakesthespotlightawayfrombeingmeasuredorjudged.37

Socialscientistshaveanaptnameforstressfulsocialsituationswhereweneedtoperformandwouldlikelybejudgedorevaluated.The“social-evaluativethreat”isparticularlythreateningforpeoplewithsocialanxietyasstresshormonesrapidlyincrease.Anytimeweareinevaluativesituationswherewearejudgedbyothers,wefacethissocial-evaluativethreatandendureasuddenrushofstresshormonesthatincreaseanxiety.38Yetwhenweareinsituationswhereweareofferingcasualactsofkindnessornurturingotherswetendtofeellessthreatenedorjudgedbyothers.Helpingothersandsharingsimpleactsofkindnessdoesnotposesuchasocial-evaluativethreat,butinstead,calmsandsoothesus.Neuroscientistshavestudiedthewarmglowofdoinggoodthatmakesusfeelgood.

“Kindnessmayhelpsociallyanxiouspeople,”saysDr.LynnAlden,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.39Shefoundthatactsofkindnessmayhelptocounterthesociallyanxiousperson’sfearofnegativeevaluationbypromotingmorepositiveperceptionsandexpectationsofhowotherpeoplewillrespond.

A.Somepeoplearenaturallyreservedwhileothersareratheroutgoing.

B.Insocialanxietydisorder,fearandanxietyleadtoavoidancewhichcandisruptourlife.

C.Indeed,myownactofkindnesshasalwaysbeenasurebettobringmeoutofmyshell.

D.Instead,myvolunteerserviceconsistsofquietone-on-onevisitswithisolatedolderadults.

E.WhenIamgivingmyfreetimetohelpothers,Ifeeltrulyliberatedinmymissiontoserve.

F.High-performanceeventssuchaspublicspeakingorjobinterviewscanbereallyunbearable.

G.Sheandhercolleaguesconductedastudywith115undergraduatestudentswhohadreportedhighlevelsofsocialanxiety.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

“Whatif…”thinkingisanytimeyoutrytoguessthefutureoutcomeofanactionyoutake.Forexample,“Iwanttoaskforapayraisebutwhatif…”Yourmindthenfillsintheblankwithmanyalternatescenarios,almostallofthemnegative.

It’sapowerfulcombinationoffocusingonthenegativeandtheunrealistic.Itcausesyoutosufferthrougheventsthatmaynotevenhappenasyoutrytopredictthefutureandworkouthowyou’llcopewithallthesepossible（yetunlikely）scenarios.Buttheabsoluteworstthingabout“whatif…”thinkingthough,isthatittriestoconvinceyouit’shelping.Youtellyourselfthatyou’rejustpreparingyourself,you’reprotectingyourself.But“whatif…”thinkingrarelyleadstotakingpractical,preventativeactions.Instead,youtortureyourselfbyimaginingallsortsofterribleoutcomes,allinthenameofbeing“prepared”,theideaofwhichiscapturedbeautifullybythisquote:“Donotbefooledby‘whatif…’t