宾语从句讲解全

..宾语从句(TheObjectClause)学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语：Iheardthathewouldeherelateron.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语:Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二、宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法。在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that(that常可省略),whether,if代词：who,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why等。一)、连词：that(that常可省略),whether,ifHetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.1、that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,mand,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注意：宾语从句的否认转移当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否认时，常把否认转移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否认词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe"我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是"IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he"Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou"如果宾语从句中有某个含有否认意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否认前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe"我们发现他从不仔细听教师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe"Youthoughttheycouldhavepletedtheproject,didn'tyou"Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey"Shedoesn'texpectthatweareingsosoon,doesshe"练习题(1)Idon’tthinkheisright,__________"A．isn’theB．isheC．doID．don’tI(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________"A．doesn’theB．doesheC．issheD．isn’tshe(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________"A．didn’theB．didheC．didID．didn’tI(4).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.(5).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.4、当it作形式宾语时例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2、由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为"是否〞。如：Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在以下情况下只能用whether，不能用if：①在具有选择意义，又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether(if…ornot也可以使用)。如：Letmeknowwhether/ifhewilleornot．(＝Letmeknowwhetherornothewille)让我知道他是否能来。Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot．(＝Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing．)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego．我不知道我们是去还是留。②在介词之后用whether。如：I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。③在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewilleornotisstillaquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。⑥假设用if会引起歧义时，那么用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解为：Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句①if引导条件状语从句，意为"如果〞Thestudentswillgoonapiicifitissunny.②if引导否认概念的宾语从句时HeaskedifIdidn’tetoschoolyesterday.③引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.二)、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用述句语序。用于这种构造的动词常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。①连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame"你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone"你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的了吗"②连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel"你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗"Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题：(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.(4)Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwilletoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.(5)---Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid"David"---Yes,Mum(6)---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis"---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用述语序，即"主句＋连词＋宾语从句(主语＋谓语＋……)〞句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1)连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2)连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，howmany，howmuch等。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom．教师问我们房间里有多少人。3)连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which，howmany，howmuch，when，why，how，where，if／whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如：Hehasn'tdecidedifhe'llgoonatriptoWuxi．他还没决定是否去旅行。CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4)连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，howmany，howmuch，how等。如：Doyouknowwhichclassheisin？你知道他在哪个班吗？SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。练习题：(1)Didyoufindout______"(2)Areyouinterestedin_____"(3)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme"(4)---Whatdidthescientistsay"---Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.(5)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____"(6)SheaskedTom________withhiscar"四、宾语从句的时态时态：主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句：Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.练习题：(1)It’s7:30.Ican’tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet,Sally.A.haven’tstartedB.didn’tC.don’tstartD.hadn’tstarted(2)TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay.(3)Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.(4)We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.(5)"Couldyoutellme______"〞"Yes.They____tothelibrary.〞A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD,wherethetwinswere,havegone(6)Ourfathersaidthathe______anewputernextweek.(7)Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.注意：运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：建议suggest、advise、propose；要求demand、desire、request；决定decide；命令order、mand、require；坚决主insist；等动词后跟宾语从句，用(should)+v．(虚拟语气)Eg：Isuggestedthatyou(should)studyhard.Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，疑心，猜想，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气的用法：1)虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩得痛快。Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！Yougoout！你出去！2)虚拟语气用在宾语从句中：动词wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。如：Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边。IwishIcouldhelphim.我希望我能帮助他。Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽方法按时去那儿。动词demand,suggest,order,insist,propose后面的从句中，"should"可以省略。如：Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.教师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。3)虚拟语气用在主语从句中：在句型"Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that...."中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形，如：It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。4)虚拟语气用在状语从句中：虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。A、与现在事实相反的：IfI(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式..ifI(he,she)were...I(we)should+动词原形。He(you,they)would+动词原形。B、与过去事实相反的：IfI(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词I(we)should+have+过去分词。He(you,they)would+have+过去分词。IfIwereyou,Ishouldbuyit.如果我是你，我就买了它。IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。IfsheknewEnglish,shewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮助的。Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了，在表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，疑心，猜想，建议等含义，或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气。简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思一样(或相近)的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式构造。例如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedtohelphim.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为"疑问词+不定式〞构造。例如：Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.注：当主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为"疑问词+不定式〞构造。例如：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order(命令)，require(需要)等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为"名词(代词)+不定式〞构造。例如：Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如：Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为"宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)〞构造。例如：LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式(短语)来简化，但句型需要进展适当的变化。例如：Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemedtowin.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.宾语从句练习1

()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.宾语从句练习2()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty"()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.()3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening"A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose宾语从句练习3()1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()2.Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.()4.Youmustremember________.()5Didyouknow____"()6Couldyoutellme___"宾语从句练习41.Idon'tknow_________hewilletomorrow._________hees,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoesheeB.howwillheeC.ifheesD.whetherhe'lle3.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp"4.Iwanttoknow_________.5.Doyouknowwhere_________now"6.Doyouknowwhattime_________"7.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please"8.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.9.Ican'tunderstand_________.宾语从句练习5一、用所给的单词将以下句子连成一句1.Whatishername"(Idon’tknow)__________________________________________________________________2.WheredoesDoctorLiuLive"(Doyouknow)__________________________________________________________________3.Whatdidheloseattherailwaystation"(Wouldyoutellme)__________________________________________________________________4.Whyisthecinemaclosed"(Iwonder)__________________________________________________________________5.Whendidtheaccidenthappen"(Pleasegoandfindout)__________________________________________________________________6.Whatforeignlanguagecanyouspeak"(Iwanttoknow)__________________________________________________________________7.Whoseboxisitonthefloor"(I’mnotsure)__________________________________________________________________8.Howmuchdidyoupayforthedictionary"(Pleasetellme)__________________________________________________________________9.Sheisateacher.(Ihear)__________________________________________________________________10.DoesherauntliveinParis"(I’mnotsure)__________________________________________________________________11.IsMrs.Leeintheclassroom"(Iasked)__________________________________________________________________12.Whowilletojoinus"(Doyouknow)__________________________________________________________________13.Mysonishavingacold.(shesaid)__________________________________________________________________14.Willitrainagaintomorrow"(Idon’tknow)__________________________________________________________________二、选择题1、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater_______"A．MumisneededB．doesMumneedC．MumneedsD．didMumneed2、Canyoutellme_______"A．whereheisB．whereisheC．heiswhereD．whatishe3、Ididn'tknowhow_______toLondon"A．wouldtheygoB．aretheygoingC．theywouldgoD．theyaregoing4、Iwanttoknowhowlong_______.A．hashebeenbackB．hasheebackC．hehasbeenbackD．hehaseback5、Doyouknow_______"A．whatthenewsareB．whatisthenewsC．whatthenewsisD．whatarethenews6、Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhe_______free.A．wasB．willbeC．wouldbeD．is7、Hewillwritetoyouassoonashe_______toShanghai.A．getsB．isgettingC．willgetD．shallget8、Father_______musicwhenhe_______youngA．liked…wasB．liked…isC．likes…wasD．likes…is9、Ilikedsports_______Iwasyoung.A．somuchasB．somuchthatC．verymuchwhenD．verymuchbecause10、_______mothergothome,Iwastidyingmyroom.A．AfterB．WhenC．AssoonasD．Before11、Theteacherdidn'tbeginherclass_______thestudentsstoppedtalking.A．untilB．becauseC．afterD．when12、Ifit_______tomorrow,we'llgototheGreatwall.A．doesn'tra