613-英语水平考试-2023年广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷

欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第17页共17页）PAGE17PAGE广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2023年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］MultipleChoice：Chooseonecorrectansweramongthefollowing4items.(30分，每题1分，共30题)1.Theactualdamagetothebraincellsis________tothedamagecausedtothebloodsupply.A.secondB.secondlyC.secondaryD.secondment2.Inthisdecadeofpolitics,manymorewomenhavebecome________.A.magistersB.magistratesC.magnistorsD.magnetizers3.WhenHamletmurmured“Tobe,ornottobe,”hewasfacedwitha(n)________dilemma.A.agonizingB.approvingC.relievingD.nagging4.Theneweconomicplanseekstoachieveamoreequitable________ofwealth.A.attributionB.contributionC.distributionD.resolution5.TheCEOwas________forhisindecisivenessduringtheperiodofeconomiccrisis.A.censuringB.censuredC.censurablyD.censorious6.Heissuchamanwhose________pursuitofexcellenceisconductedwithsingle-mindeddetermination.A.relentlessB.deplorableC.ingratiatingD.torrential7.Harvardisoneofthebest-equippedandmost________schoolsinthecountry.A.adorableB.conceivableC.prestigiousD.scrutinous8.ThePrimeMinisterisnowfirmly________inDowningStreetwithalargemajority.A.avowedB.ensconcedC.exasperatedD.pleaded9.HewasaPuritanwhotriedeffectivelyto________theancientcustomsofhiscountry.A.announceB.denounceC.pronounceD.renounce10.Werushedoutoftheshopinhotpursuit,butthethiefhad________intothinair.A.brokenB.appealedC.twistedD.vanished11.ThepressinZambiahadbrokenitslinkswiththeSouthonlyto________newoneswiththeBritishpressanditsalliedagencies.A.applaudB.implementC.forgeD.administer12.ItwasthisWashingtonDepartmentwhich________therestrictionsonstrategicexportstotheSovietUnionanditsfriends.A.contendedB.pledgedC.enforcedD.implored13.Poemsandstoriesalikereveala________concernforthevictimsofoppressionandtyranny:Welshminers,privatesoldiers,women,andchildren.A.compassionateB.customaryC.conservativeD.crude14.Caringisnotan________femalepreoccupation.A.inclusiveB.exclusiveC.conclusiveD.prevalent15.ThebrillianceofthemorningcausedhertovowthatDoreenwouldbeunabletospoilthatparticularpartoftheday,andsuddenlythelast________ofherpreviousdepressionvanished.A.prestigeB.prospectC.vestigeD.privilege16. Rejectingtheirdoubtsaboutthenewpolicy,thereformersinthegovernment_____theyoungpeople’ssenseofnationalisticduty,though.A.appalledB.applaudedC.appealedD.appealing17. NormallyinShakespeare’sSonnetswefindatrulydramaticdialoguebetweentwocharacters:the_____ofthepoethimself(thespeaking“I”)anda"you",theactorplayingtheroleofalovelyboy,aworthyorunworthymistress,possiblyarivalpoet.A.personB.personalC.personnelD.persona18. Thecurrentofficialviewisthatmergersarepartandparcelofthecompetitiveprocess,_____restrictivepracticeswhichimpedethatprocess.A.assupposedtoB.asinferiortoC.asopposedtoD.asoppositeto19. Anindividualwhoisconsideredwealthy,affluent,orrichissomeonewhohas_____substantialwealthrelativetoothersintheirsocietyorreferencegroup.A.stimulatedB.accumulatedC.formulatedD.simulated20. Thecombinedeffectsofthenewcentralgrantandthebusinessrateseemlikelytobenefitsuburbanareastothe_____oftheurbancores.A.detrimentB.harmC.deteriorationD.loss21. Developingstudents’non-intelligencefactors,or,advocatingquality-orientededucation,isa_____ofcurrenteducationalthinkinginChina.A.passwordB.headwordC.bywordD.crossword22. Philosophy,_____itisthearticulationoftheconcepts,dilemmas,explanationsandabstractionsofaculture,willonlybehalfthestoryunlessbothgenderscontributeequally.A.sofarasB.sofarC.asfarD.insofaras23. It’sreportedthat60%ofNBAplayersand78%ofNFLplayersfileforbankruptcywithinfiveyearsofretirementasaresultofkeepingupwith_____.A.theJonesesB.theJohnsC.theSmithsD.theBrowns24.Thereisconsiderableevidencethatapersondoesnotpurelyfeelhungryasaresultofthebody’shomeostaticfunction.Externalfactorssuchaslearnedbehaviorcanbeextremelypowerfulover_____biologicaldrives.A.accordinglyB.increasinglyC.baselyD.seemingly25. TheperceivedculturalsupremacyaffectedvirtuallyalltheEuropeansandultimatelyledtoexploitationand_____ofblacksasslavesonapermanentbasis.A.supplicationB.submissionC.subjugationD.subordination26.However,itisnotalwaysrecognizedthatindividualityisitselfaculturalconcept:therecanbenoprivateindependentrealperson________fromtheculturalvalueswhichdefinethesocietyinwhichtheindividuallives.A.disassociatedB.associatedC.disregardedD.discriminated27.Ariddeserts,vastsavannahlands,hugelakesand480kilometresofmagnificentbeachland…nowonderKenyaisrumouredtobethesiteofthe________GardenofEden.A.fabledB.infamousC.arduousD.enlightened28.Afamilywithmorethanonechildmaybeso________atmeal-timesthatthemotheristoopreoccupiedwithfeedingtheyoungestsothatshefailstoseewhatishappeningwiththeothers.A.fanaticalB.maniacalC.chaoticD.adorable29.Paulingshoweda________forgeologyat12,andchemistryat13.HischildhoodcuriosityaboutthewayatomssticktogetherincrystalsledtoaNobelPrizeforunlockingthesecretsofchemicalbonds.A.styleB.flairC.abilityD.genius30.Thisstrikeandsubsequentmarchestookonpolitical_______ofoppositiontotheStroessnerregimeandthusbecameasolidarityissueforstudentswhojoinedtheprotest.A.overtonesB.travestyC.salvationD.suspicionProofreadingandErrorCorrection：Thefollowingpassagescontainsfifteenerrorsaltogether.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Correcttheerrorsandwritetheanswersonyouranswersheet.(30分，每空2分，共15题)PassageOneOnequestionisoftenriseninresponsetointernational1testcomparisons:Dotheseresultsreallymeananything?Inthepast,internationaltestingprogramshavebeencriticizedonvarietyofgrounds.Twoallegations,inparticular,have2beencommon:first,thatothernationshavenottestedaslargeapercentageoftheirstudentpopulation,andneverthelesstheir3scoreshavebeeninflated;andsecond,thatourbeststudentsareamongtheworld’sbest,withouraveragebroughtdownbya4largecohortoflow-achievers.Whateverthehistoricvalidityofsuchconcerns,theyarenow,5ifanything,reversed.Particularlyinthefourthandeighthgrade,educationhasbecomeuniversalinalloftheleadingnations.Therefore,inscience,thepercentageofrandomlyselected6U.S.schoolsandstudentsthatactuallydidparticipateattheeighth-gradelevelwasjust73percent—thethird-lowestofall45participatingcountries,and11percentagepointsunderthe7UnitedStateshadthird-lowestoverallparticipationrateforboth8gradesinbothsubjects.Japan,TaiwanandSingaporeallhadparticipationpercentagesinthe90s.PassageTwoLongagotherewasaprincewhounwiselyconfidedthemedia9thatwhiletendinghislovedgarden,heoftentalkedtohisplants.10Healsowarnedhisfuturesubjectsaboutlosingtouchwiththeirnaturalsurroundingandtheirrichculturalheritage.Butthepeople11scoffedandsaiditwasthefuddy-duddyPrinceandwasoutof12touch.AndtheyshookheadsatthemadnessofthePrince’sforebear,KingGeorgeШ,whofamouslytalkedwithatreehehadmistakentheKingofPrussia.13ThesedaysBritain’sPrinceofWalesisstillconsideredatadeccentric.Butincreasingly,CharlesPhilipWindsoriswinningapplauseforhiscampaigntocombatthathecallsthewantondestruction14thathastakenplacewiththenameofprogress.For30years15thePrincehasbeenintheforefronttopromotekinder,gentlerfarmingmethods,protectBritain’scountrysidefromurbansprawl;improvecitylandscapes;andsafeguardthenation’sarchitecturalheritage.Andwhereashiswasoncealonelyifplumyvoicecryinginthewilderness,thePrincehasseenmanyofhisoncemaverickopinionsbecomemainstream.SentenceCompletion：Fillinthefollowingbankswiththecorrectwordsandthecorrectformsofthewordsgivenaccordingtothemeaningsofthesentences.(30分，每题2分，共15题)articulationThereislittledoubtthat,had______speechnotevolved,self-awareness,rationalthoughtandsocialevolutionwouldallhavebeengreatlyinhibitedintheirdevelopment.equanimousTheregular,monotonousmonasticdisciplinegavethemonksapeaceand______whichtheysawasatranquilexperienceofGodwhichwasfullyintunewiththeirnormallives.proliferatePreparatoryschools______toreplacetuitionathomeandtoprovideamiddle-classalternativetotheBoardSchoolsfollowingcompulsoryeducationin1870.antitheticHislaughterwasharsh;abitter,brokensound;the______oflaughter.pregnableToday,gazingoutfromBeeston'ssummit,youmayfeelthatsuchacastlemusthavebeen______.apprehensionThenewarrivalsaresteeredintojobsandtold,underthreat,tostartrepayingthehugedebtthattheycontractedunderthe______thatinstantwealthwouldbetheirsoncetheyarrived.requiteIntheeveningstherewassometimessingingondecktotheaccompanimentofaguitar,andsorrowfulmusicitwastoo,becausethesongswerenearlyalwaysaboutbrokenhearts,______love,ordearoneslostatsea.quintessenceAlthoughCanalettoisItalian,thisisa______Britishpainting.grossResearchshowsthataveryhighproportionofprisonerscomefromabackgroundof________limitededucationalandeconomicopportunity.asceticThefoundersandearliestpractitionersof________livedextremelyausterelifestyles,refrainingfromsensualpleasuresandtheaccumulationofmaterialwealth.creditRumoursthathehadbeendeliberatelypoisonedweregenerally________,buttheexactcauseofhisdeathwasneverfound.pretendAsmanyplantsarecalledbydifferent‘popular’namesindifferentcountries,usingthescientificname,________asitmightsound,issometimestheonlywaytocheckoutcorrectidentification.partialThecourtshavealwayssaidthatdishonestyand________arevalidreasonsforrefusingtoupholdanexpert'sdecision.fixHeisanoverprotectivefather,soovertheyearshehasdevelopedanunhealthy______onstoriesofchildrenhavinghorribleaccidents.stoicThepeopleofthiscountryhave_____respondedtotheworstdisasterthathasovertakentheminmoderntimes,someevenheroically.ReadingComprehension：Inthissection,therearesixtoeightreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalofthirtymultiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagescarefullyandthenchoosethecorrectanswer.(60分，每题2分，共30题)PassageOneStudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstancesthatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughlyinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocialconditionsthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsoffeminismintheUnitedStateshavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhenhistoriansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurringwithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthenatrulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeministactivistswhohavebeendescribedas“solitary”and“individualtheorists”wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement—utopiansocialism—whichwasalreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthatculminatedinthefirstwomen’srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls,NewYork,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthedetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludetheideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.TheearliestandmostpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup’scontributiontoearlysocialism.Thisisregrettableontwocounts.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents’energy;hence,byignoringitsfeminismEuropeanhistorianshavemisunderstoodSaint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedtoSaint-Simonianism,Europeanhistorians’appreciationoflaterfeminisminFranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.Saint-Simon’sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheirfeminismonaninterpretationofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobebyreplacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorderwouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,torepresentsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whiletheSaint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportantsocialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirUtopia.OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequalitybasedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievedthatindividualsofbothsexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyattributedmale-femaledifferencestosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultofbothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifeinthenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomenwithanimprovedwayoflife.1.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthosehistorianswhodescribeearlyfeministsintheUnitedStatesas“solitary”tobe__________.A.insufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanfeministthoughtB.overlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasintheperiodbefore1848C.notfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeo-graphicalscopeD.insufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSenecaFallsconference2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheSenecaFallsconferenceonwomen’srights?A.Itwasprimarilyaproductofnineteenth-centurySaint-Simonianfeministthought.B.ItwastheworkofAmericanactivistswhowereindependentoffeministsabroad.C.ItwastheculminatingachievementoftheUtopiansocialistmovement.D.Itwasamanifestationofaninternationalmovementforsocialchangeandfeminism.3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardmostEuropeanhistorianswhohavestudiedtheSaint-Simoniansisprimarilyoneof__________.A.approvalofthespecificfocusoftheirresearchB.disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontofeminismthatabsorbedmostoftheSaint-Simonians'energyC.approvaloftheirgeneralfocusonsocialconditionsD.disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontolinksbetweentheSaint-SimoniansandtheirAmericancounterparts4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthatstudyofSaint-SimonianismisnecessaryforhistoriansofAmericanfeminismbecausesuchstudy__________.A.wouldclarifytheideologicaloriginsofthosefeministideasthatinfluencedAmericanfeminismB.wouldincreaseunderstandingofamovementthatdeeplyinfluencedtheUtopiansocialismofearlyAmericanfeministsC.wouldfocusattentiononthemostimportantaspectofSaint-Simonianthoughtbefore1832D.promisestoofferinsightintoamovementthatwasadirectoutgrowthoftheSenecaFallsconferenceof18485.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostaccuratedescriptionofthesocietyenvisionedbymostSaint-Simonians?A.Asocietyinwhichwomenwerehighlyregardedfortheirextensiveeducation.B.Asocietyinwhichthetwogendersplayedcomplementaryrolesandhadequalstatus.C.Asocietyinwhichwomendidnotenterpubliclife.D.Asocialorderinwhichabodyofmenandwomenwouldruletogetheronthebasisoftheirspiritualpower.PassageTwoStratford-upon-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry—WilliamShakespeare—buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus—andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside—don’tusuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.Itistheplaygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)—lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightonthepavingstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.6.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat__________.A.thetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’srevenueB.theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstageC.thetownsfolkandtheRSCareongoodtermsD.thetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism7.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.A.thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparatelyB.theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseersC.thesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoersD.theplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater8.Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat__________.A.StratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojectsB.StratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficultiesC.thetownisnotreallyshortofmoneyD.thetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaid9.Accordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecause__________.A.ticketpriceshavebeenraisedmuchtocoverthespendingB.thecompanyisfinanciallyill-managedC.thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptableD.thetheatreattendanceisontherise10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor__________.A.issupportiveofbothsidesB.favorsthetownsfolk’sviewC.takesadetachedattitudeD.issympathetictotheRSCPassageThreeThetouristtradecontributesabsolutelynothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingandgoing,you'dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyair,seaandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother'scountriesatamoderatecost.Whatwasoncethe'grandtour',reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody'sgrasp.Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfortwhichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn'thavedreamedof.Butwhat'sthesenseofthismassexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorantofeachother?Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacosseted,shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels,whereheeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhattheorganizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown.Andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.ThesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsoftheciteuniversitairearetemporarilyreestablishedontheislandofCorfu.BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaella,butfishandchips.Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon’tseethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantestthisforyourself.Takefivenationalities,say,French,German,English,AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives:musical,amorous,cold,pedantic,native.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentioned,theseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravels,theonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyourpreconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthat,say,‘Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites’orthat‘Latinpeoplesshoutalot’.Youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhowabsurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcanyoumakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou?Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact—howtriteitsounds—thatallpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachotherandatthesametimeallunique.11.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A.TourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennationsB.TourismistiresomeC.ConductedtourisdullD.Tourismreallydoessomethingtoone'scountry12.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtourism?A.Apprehensive.B.Negative.C.Critical.D.Appreciative.13.WhichofthefollowingwordsislikelytosummarizeLatinpeople?A.Silent.B.Noisy.C.Lively.D.Active.14.Thepurposeoftheauthor’scriticismistopointout_______.A.conductedtourisdisappointingB.thewayoftouringshouldbechangedC.whentraveling,younoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconceptionD.nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged15.Whatis‘grandtour’now?A.Moderatecost.B.Localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.C.Peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.D.Everybodycanenjoythe‘grandtour’.PassageFourJoyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?Itturnsoutthattheexpressionofmanyemotionsmaybeuniversal.Smilingisapparentlyauniversalsignoffriendlinessandapproval.Baringtheteethinahostileway,asnotedbyCharlesDarwininthenineteenthcentury,maybeauniversesignofanger.Astheoriginatorofthetheoryofevolution,Darwinbelievedthattheuniversalrecognitionoffacialexpressionswouldhavesurvivalvalue.Forexample,facialexpressionscouldsignaltheapproachofenemies(orfriends)intheabsenceoflanguage.Mostinvestigatorsconcurthatcertainfacialexpressionssuggestthesameemotionsinapeople.Moreover,peopleindiverseculturesrecognizetheemotionsmanifestedbythefacialexpressions.InclassicresearchPaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldtoindicatewhatemotionswerebeingdepictedinthem.ThosequeriedrangedfromEuropeancollegestudentstomembersoftheFore,atribethatdwellsintheNewGuineahighlands.AllgroupsincludingtheFore,whohadalmostnocontactwithWesternculture,agreedontheportrayedemotions.TheForealsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhowtheywouldrespondiftheywerethecharactersinstoriesthatcalledforbasicemotionalresponses.Ekmanandhiscolleaguesmorerecentlyobtainedsimilarresultsinastudyoftenculturesinwhich