2022年英语四级真题

2022年6月四级真题第1套Writing(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouaregoingtowriteaproposaltoyourschoollibraryforimprovingitsservice.Youaretowriteaboutitscurrentproblemsandpossiblesolutionstotheseproblems.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheproposal.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreeneyvsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Itstudiedtheeffectsofexerciseonsleep.Itsparticipantscamefromvariouswalksoflife.Itsfindingsconfirmedthoseofpreviousstudies.Itranforaslongassomethirtyyears.A)Eatingmorevegetablesinsteadofmeats.Drinkingwaterinsteadofbeverageswithaddedsugar.Consumingmoreenergydrinksandsportsdrinks.Formingthehabitofexercisingregularly.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)HeaskedthemabouthislostpaintingsHeknewtheowneroftwomissingpaintings.Helefthispaintingsatahighwayreststop.Hefoundtwo17th-centuryoilpaintings.A)Theyareimitations.Theyareoriginals.TheywerestolenbyanItalianboy.TheycamefromthesameartistQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Lookafterhergrandfather.Leavetheremoteclodregion.Savehersickgrandmother.Fleefromthethreatofbears.A)Shehastofaceacriminalcharge.Shewasfoundlyingmotionlessinthesnow.Shesearchedforherdaughterinfreezingcold.可真把我累坏了!但我总算让禾苗一下子长高了。”他儿子到地里去一看，禾苗都已死光了。现在有些家长急于让孩子成功，往往步那个农夫的后尘，搞得孩子苦不堪言，却不见孩子学业长进,这样的家长是否该对这个问题有所醒悟，让孩子自然成长呢？SheworksinchildcareservicesA)Shewasfoundinaforestafterthreedays.Shelaytotallyunconsciousforthreedays.ShesufferedfromtheeffectsofseverecoldShewasfinallyrescuedbyherrelatives.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationyyouwillhearfourquestions.BoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Sheshowsarealpassionfortakingphotos.Shehasjustreturnedfromherhometown.C)ShecomesfromthecityofCapeTown.D)Shehasatrulyamazingappearance.A)ItisasfamousasCapeTown.Ithasaflatsurfaceatthetop.Itisgreenandfreefrompollution.ItwasnamedbyEuropeansettlers.A)ShehasBritishancestors.Sheisofmixedblood.ShegrewupinIndia.Shespeaksseverallanguages.A)Itisanextremelyviolentsport.Itisbecominganationalsport.ItisoriginatedinNewZealand.Itismorepopularthanfootball.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Prepareastudyguide.Consulthisadvisors.Gooverhisnotesregularly.Takestress-reliefsessions.A)Hisworksheetsareterriblymessy.Hefindstheworkloadtooheavy.Hisstudyfolderisbadlydisorganized.Hehasdifficultytakingnotesquickly.A)Avisuallearner, C)Anorganizedlearner.Anemotionallearner.D)Alogicallearner.A)Arrangethemusingcolorandpictures.Restructuretheminalogicalway.Committhemtomemoryafterclass.Organizethemintoawell-connectedstory.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),c)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itismainlybasedonasociety'sreligion.Itisinterpreteddifferentlyindifferenttimes.Itisacodeofconductbasedonlawsandethics.Itisamoralprincipletoguidepeople'sbehavior.A)Itmayleadtomisunderstandingdespitegoodintentions.B)Itassumesthathumanbeingsareallgood-natured.CItmaysometimesproduceundesirableoutcomes.D)Itfailstoconsiderthecomplexityofhumanrelationships.A)Thegoldenruleisofteninconflictwithcertainlawsandethicalprinciples.Thegoldenrulemustsometimesgivewaytomoreimportantprinciples.Failuretofollowthegoldenrulemayleadtoviolationoflawsandethics.Observingthegoldenruleisthefirststeptobecomingaresponsiblecitizen.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ManyofthemfinditratherdifficulttomanageTheyhavenotseenasmuchdiversityasdesired.Manyofthemhaveanincreasinglydiversifiedstaff.Theyhavenotquitegraspedtheconceptofdiversity.A)Initiativestoachievediversityinlargecorporations.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofadiversifiedteam.People'sattitudestowardsdiversityattheworkplace.Innovativeideasandsolutionsresultingfromdiversity.A)PeopleprefertoworkwithteammemberssimilartothemselvesEmployersattachgreatimportancetotheircorporations'diversity.Employersdifferfromemployeesintheirperspectivesondiversity.Doubtsaboutthepracticabilityofdiversityaregraduallydisappearing.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Choosingthebesttimeforsigningabusinesscontract.Changingone*sformofcommunicationfromtimetotime.Layingequalstressonwrittenandspokencommunication.Usingdifferentformsofcommunicationappropriately.A)Theyareregardedasseriouslybinding.Theyareseldomhonoredbybusinesspartners.Theyaretakenasmemosofunderstanding.Theyaretobeconfirmedinwrittenform.A)Ithasreachedthehighestlevelofevolution.Itplacesahighvalueonwrittencontracts.Itregardswrittencontractsasunalterable.Ithasseenadeclineinverbalagreements.A)Itsdetailscannotberenegotiated.Ithastobecarriedouttotheletter.Itstrengthensbusinesspartnerships.Itstermsmaynotbestrictlybinding.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Youmightthinkofyourteethastools,likebuilt-inknivesandforks,butiftheyaremeretools,whydotheyfeelpainandwouldn'titbebetteriftheycouldjust26underanycondition?Inspiteofour_27discomfort,itturnsoutthere'sagoodreasonourteetharesosensitive.Toothpainisa28mechanismthatensureswhenatoothisbeingdamagedwellnoticeanddosomethingaboutit.Ifweeatsomethingtoohotortoocold,orifthetoothisworndownenoughwherethetissue29isexposed,allofthosethingscausepain,andthenthepaincausesthepersonnottousethattoothtotryiprotectitalittlebitmore.Soit'sreallyaprotectivemechanismmorethananythingelse.Ifteethdidn'tfeelpain,wemight30tousetheminsituationsthatdamagethem,andforhumans,damaging31teethisaproblembecause,unlikecrocodiles,wecan't32them.Teethhavethreelayers,onlyoneofwhich-theinnermostlayerofthetooth-canhurt,asthatlayerofthetooth"33bothbloodvesselsandnerves.Painistheonlyfeelingtowhichthenervesinthatlayerrespond.Whereaspeoplewithtoothsensitivitymaycomplain,forexample,oftoothpain34byheat,cold,thenervesintheinnerlayerdon'tsensetemperature.Rather,theyfeelpain,whichmaybe35with,say,drinkingsomethingverycold.A)adultE)continueI)emotionalM)swallowB)associatedF)defenseJ)impliesN)triggeredC)chewG)dentalK)mammal0)underneathD)containsH)downwardL)replaceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoitEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowtodetermineifacompanyisagoodfitforyouOnpaper,thejobseemedperfectforme:Thepositionwascompletelyinlinewithmydegree,thedutiesandresponsibilitieswerecompatiblewithmyinterests,andtheofficemaintainedawellstockedkitchenthatwouldsatisfymyeverysnackdesire.Soundslikemydreamjob,right?Therewasonlyonesmallproblem:Isimplydidn'tgetalongwiththecompanyculture.Theyfavoredamorerigid,closed-door,corporateatmosphere,whileIwouldhavepreferredsomethingmorecollaborativeandopen.Theywerecompleteclockwatchers,whileIwouldhavelikedamoreflexibleschedule.Toputitplainly,wejustweren'tonthesamepage.[ClWhenitcomestolookingforanewjob,youalreadyknowthatabigpartoftheinterviewprocessesinvolvesthecompanyevaluatingwhetherornotyou'reagoodfitfortheiropenrole.But,ifsimportanttokeepinmindthattheemployerisn'ttheonlyonewhoneedstoidentifyagoodmatch-youshouldbelookingforthatsameexactthing.Companyculturecanhaveabigimpactonhowyoufeelaboutyourwork,soyouwanttomakesureyousignanofferletterwithanorganizationyou'retrulyexcitedabout.[DIHowever,figuringoutwhatacompanyislikebeforeyouactuallyworktherecanbeabitofachallenge.Luckily,thereareafewthingsyoucandotodeterminewhetherornotacompanyisagoodfitforyou-beforeyoueversignyournameonthatdottedline.[E]Firstofall,knowwhatyouwant.It'shardtomakeanydecisionswhenyoudon'treallyknow.Youmightthinkofyourteethastools,likebuilt-inknivesandforks,butiftheyaremeretools,whydotheyfeelpainandwouldn'titbebetteriftheycouldjust_26underanycondition?Inspiteofour27discomfort,itturnsoutthere'sagoodreasonourteetharesosensitive.Toothpainisa28mechanismthatensureswhenatoothisbeingdamagedwellnoticeanddosomethingaboutit.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Howtodetermineifacompanyisagoodfitforyou[A]Onpaper,thejobseemedperfectforme:Thepositionwascompletelyinlinewithmydegree,thedutiesandresponsibilitieswerecompatiblewithmyinterests,andtheofficemaintainedawellstockedkitchenthatwouldsatisfymyeverysnackdesire.[BJSoundslikemydreamjob,right?Therewasonlyonesmallproblem:Isimplydidn'tgetalongwiththecompanyculture.Theyfavoredamorerigid,closed-door,corporateatmosphere,whileIwouldhavepreferredsomethingmorecollaborativeandopen.Theywerecompleteclockwatchers,whileIwouldhavelikedamoreflexibleschedule.Toputitplainly,wejustweren'tonthesamepage.Whenitcomestolookingforanewjob,youalreadyknowthatabigpartoftheinterviewprocessesinvolvesthecompanyevaluatingwhetherornotyou'reagoodfitfortheiropenrole.But,it'simportanttokeepinmindthattheemployerisn'ttheonlyonewhoneedstoidentifyagoodmatch-youshouldbelookingforthatsameexactthing.Companyculturecanhaveabigimpactonhowyoufeelaboutyourwork,soyouwanttomakesureyousignanofferletterwithanorganizationyou'retrulyexcitedabout.However,figuringoutwhatacompanyislikebeforeyouactuallyworktherecanbeabitofachallenge.Luckily,thereareafewthingsyoucandotodeterminewhetherornotacompanyisagoodfitforyou-beforeyoueversignyournameonthatdottedline.Firstofall,knowwhatyouwant.It'shardtomakeanydecisionswhenyoudon'treallyknowwhatyou'relookingfor.Sobeforeyoucandeterminewhetheryouandaspecificcompanywouldbecompatibletogether,it'simportanttohaveasolidhandleonwhatexactlyyouwantfromyouremployer.Manyofushaveaneasiertimeidentifyingthethingsthatweabsolutelydon*twant.Ifthosearetheonlythingsyoucanthinkof,don'tworry!Thafsstillagoodplacetostart.Startbywritingdownthethingsyoudidn'tlikeaboutpreviousemployers,aswellasthepartsyoureallyvalued.There'snowronganswerhere-sofrombigthingstosmalldetails,writethemalldownonyourlist.Thiswillhelpyouimmediatelyidentifywhatyou'relookingforinanorganization,aswellasthethingsyou'retryingtostayfar,farawayfrom.Makesuretodoyourresearch.Nowcomesthepartwhenyouputonyourdetectivehatanddoalittledigging.TheInternetwillbeyourbestfriendwhenyou'retryingtofamiliarizeyourselfwithacompany'sculturebeforeeverwalkingthroughtheirofficedoors.Andwhereexactlyshouldyoulookforthesecultureclues?Startwiththemostobviousplacefirst:thecompany'swebsite.Readthroughtheircopyandblog.Dotheyuseformal,directlanguage?Orisitcasual,conversational,andmaybeevenalittlehumorous?Thiscanbeabigindicatorofwhatsortofatmospherethecompanyistryingtocultivate.Next,turnyourattentiontowardtheirsocialmediaoutlets.Aretheysharingphotosoftheirteam'sThursdayafternoonbarbecueorHalloweencostumecontest?Oraretheirsocialmediaaccountsstrictlyreservedforcompany-relatedannouncementsandproductlaunches?AnindustryreviewwebsitelikeGlassdoorisanotherspottocheckinordertofindsomeinsiderinformationaboutwhatyoucanexpectaboutacompany.However,remembertotakethereviewsyoureadwithagrainofsalt-manyofthemarewrittenbyscorned（被鄙视的）employees.Finally,youcanneverfailwithpersonalconnections.SendaquickmessagetoacurrentorpreviouscompanyemployeeonLinkedlnorbyemailandaskiftheywouldbewillingtohaveaquickconversationwithyouabouttheorganizationingeneral.Ifyougetayestoyourrequestforachat,you'llbearmedwithsomeprettypowerfulandhelpfulinformationheadingintoyourinterview!Learnmorebyaskingquestions.Youknowthatpartattheendofajobinterviewwhenthehiringmanagerasksifyouhaveanyquestions,andyoujuststareacrossthetableblanklywithyourmouthhangingopen?Thafstheperfectopportunitytospeakupandgetyourburningcompanyculturequestionsanswered!Soyes,youcandefinitelyaskyourintervieweraboutwhatit*sliketoworkforthatparticularorganization.Simplequestionslike,“Whatthreewordswouldyouusetodescribetheculturehere?”or"What'syourfavoritepartaboutworkingforthiscompany?11canrevealalotaboutwhatit'sreallylikebehindcloseddoors.Prioritizeyourvalues.Whatdoesmydreamcompanyculturelooklike?Well,IcouldcomeandgoasIplease,aslongasIwasgettingtheworkdone.Mybosswouldgenuinelylistentoandvalueallofmyideasandsuggestions.Myco-workerswouldallbefriendlywithoneanother,withouteverfallingintotheofficegossiptrap.Thekitchenwouldhaveendlessoptionsofpizzaandcookies.Oh,andthey'dgivemetwomonthsofpaidvacationwithaverygeneroussalary.Whataremychancesoffindingallofthosethingswithoneemployer?Slimtonone-believeme,I'velooked.Thisiswhyit'ssoimportanttoknowwhichaspectsofacompany'scultureyouvaluemost.Isitanopencommunicationstyleoraflexibleschedule?Focusonthetopspotsonyourprioritylist,andensureapotentialemployeratleastchecksthoseboxes.Unfortunately,thisisreality,youcan'thaveeverythingyouwantbutafewarecertainlyachievable.[N1Whenyou'rehuntingforanewjob,youalreadyknowthattheemployeristryingtodecidewhetherornotyou'reagoodfitfortheposition.Butyoushouldalsolookattheprocessthroughasimilarlens.Youmaynotbetheoneconductingtheactualinterview,butyou'restilltryingtodeterminewhetherornotcompanyisagoodfitforyou.[O]Keepthesetipsinmindtofigureoutwhetheryouandapotentialemployerareaperfectmatchorjustarecipe(方案)fordisaster.Afterall,ifsagoodthingtoknowbeforeactuallyacceptinganoffer.Cluesaboutthecultureofacompanycanbefoundonitswebsite.Itcanbedifficulttoknowtherealsituationinacompanyuntilyoubecomepartofit.Itisimpossibleforajobapplicanttohaveeveryexpectationmet.Simplybyreadingitsdescription,theauthorfoundthejobofferedideal.Jobapplicantsareadvisedtomakeawrittenlistoftheirlikesanddislikesintheirpreviousemployment.Attheendofaninterview,ajobapplicantshouldseizetheopportunitytogetanswerstotheirurgentquestions.Tobeginwith,jobapplicantsshouldbeclearwhattheyexpectfromtheirfutureemployerJobapplicantsshouldreadwithacriticaleyewhatiswrittenaboutacompanyonthewebsiteJobsatisfactionhasalottodowithcompanyculture.Achatwithaninsiderofacompanycangivejobapplicantsveryusefulinformationwhentheyprepareforaninterview.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlineclassesbegantobepopularizedjustafewdecadesago.Theyareadvertisedasawayforadultstofinishtheireducationandstudentstolearnthematerialattheirownpace-itisfarmorecompatibleforpeoplewithbusyschedules.Butafterbeingenrolledinanonlinecourselastfallsemester.Icametorealizeonlineclassesweremerelyameanstofulfilcourserequirements.Firstofall,studentslackthedesiretolearn,andtheysimplycompletetheirassignmentstoreceivecreditforapassinggraderatherthangenuinelyengagewiththecoursematerial.Asonlinecoursestendtohavemorethan100students,mostoftheassignmentsareshortandsimple.Theyarenotdesignedforstudentstointeractwiththematerialindepthbutdesignedtobegradedeasilytoaccommodatesuchalargenumberofstudents.Perhapsthebiggestdisadvantageoftakinganonlineclassistheabsenceofface-to-faceinteractionbetweentheteacherandtheirstudents.Livesessionsareinfrequentandareoftenscheduledduringthemiddleofthedaywhenstudentshavetoattendotherclassesorwork.Theofficehoursoftheprofessormayalsobeduringinconvenienttimesformanystudentsaswell.Mostinteractionwiththeprofessorhastobethroughemailwhichisoftenimpersonal.Itisnearlyimpossibleforstudentstobuildarelationshipwiththeirprofessor.Thereisalsolittleinteractionamongststudents.Itcanbeharderforstudentstocreatestudygroupsandformrelationshipswiththeirpeers.Onlineclassesalsorequireeitheracomputerorlaptopandareliableinternetconnection.Notallstudentshaveaccesstothesetypesofresources,whetheritisforflnancialorotherreasons,andsomestudentscanbeputatadisadvantage.Offeringonlineclassescertainlyhelpsstudentswhowouldotherwisenotbeabletoattendclassroomsessions.However,theyfailtoprovideagenuineeducationwithanemphasisonconvenienceratherthancriticalthinking.Weneedrestructuredonlineclassesinwhichstudentscanhavealearningexperiencethatwillactuallyprovidequalityeducation.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstudentsenrolledinonlineclasses?Theycanaccesscoursematerialseasily.Theyareunmotivatedtolearn.Theycanlearnattheirownpace.D)Theyrarelyfulfllthecourserequirements.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofonlinecourseassignments?Theyaremadeconvenienttomark.Theyaremeanttofacilitateinteraction.Theyarebasedoneasilyaccessiblematerial.Theyaregiventoaccommodatestudents5needs.Whatdoestheauthorsayisonedisadvantageofonlineclasses?Theyarefrequentlyscheduledatirregulartimes.Theymakeprofessors9officesmuchlessaccessibleTheytendtoincreaseprofessors9burdenofrespondingtostudents9emails.Theyprovidelittlechanceforstudentstobuildrelationshipswitheachother.Whatproblemmayariseifclassesgoonline?Morestudentsmayfinditeasytobeabsentfromthem.Teacherswillworryaboutpoorinternetconnections.Somestudentsmayhavedifficultyattendingthem.Schoolswithlimitedresourceswillbeatadisadvantage.Whatdoestheauthorthinkconstitutesakeypartofgenuineeducation?Acquisitionofusefulknowledge.Trainingofreal-lifeskillsoncampus.Developmentofstudents9personalities.Cultivationofanalyticalthinkingability.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheageoftheinternet,there'snosuchthingasaprivatedebate.Butisthatbadforscience?Somescientistshavehadconcerns.Whendebatesinanysectormovebeyondthehallsofuniversitiesandgovernmentagencies,there'spotentialforinformationtobeusedincorrectly,leadingtopublicconfusion;yet,opendebatecanalsopromotecommunicationbetweenthescientificcommunityandthepublic.Recentopendebatesonscientificresearch,health,andpolicyhavearousedgreaterpublicattentionandencouragedmorediversevoices.Ifthistrendspursscientiststoagreemorequicklyaboutthebestsolutionstoourproblems-andatthesametimehelpsthepublicobservetheprocessofscientificdiscoursemoreclearly-thenthisisgoodforeveryone,includingscientists.ArecentdebatepublishedinTheNewYorkTimesdiscussedthequestionofhowquicklymedicineshouldbedevelopedandproduced.Issuessuchassafetyoftheproductandperceptionofthepublicwereexaminedandconsidered.Butsomeexpertsworriedthatsuchpublicspeculationmightleadpeopletobelievethatdisagreementaboutthedetail