介词加关系代词定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句之五兆芳芳创作“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点,近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势.在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom.如先行词是物，引导词用which;如先行词是人，则引导词用whom.如：ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthebook.考点1复杂介词+关系代词知识归结：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是按照从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的寄义而定；或以先行词在定语从句中的作用和寄义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不克不及拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后.(1)按照定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，组成动词短语.例如：Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?(payfor)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp)ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(shakehandswithsb)(2)按照定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，组成形容词短语.例如：ThetwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.(besureabout)TheteacherofwhomthestudentsinourclassarefondisMrWang,ourEnglishteacher.(befondof)(3)按照定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是暗示时间、地点、原因、办法、东西等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系.当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可辨别用when,where,why替换.例如：I”llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)Ijoinedthearmy.Thefactoryinwhich(=where)hisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.Idon”tknowthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslate.(4)按照句子的意思确定介词.有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语组成的，这时，要按照句子所要表达的意思，选用不合的介词.例如：ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.（2004全国卷）Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths, thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答案选A.（2004全国卷）TheEnglishplay mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立的句子是：Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案选C.（2004上海卷）Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talkwith的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D.考点2庞杂介词+关系代词知识归结：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose.经常使用于该结构的庞杂介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等.例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?考点3复杂介词+关系代词+名词知识归结：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whose.介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的寄义.高考考例：（1995上海）Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m. timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析：介词by暗示时间的意思是“到那时为止”.这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”.故答案选D.考点4the+名词+of+关系代词知识归结：用于此结构的关系代词只有which.该结构暗示所有关系，口语中经常使用“whose+名词”代替.非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”.高考考例：（2000上海）RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase, wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose解析：答案选B.本题就是一个考查the+名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子.这里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceofthevase,答案也可以是whoseprice.考点5暗示部分的词语+of+关系代词知识归结：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which.暗示部分的词语罕有的有:不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词（含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）；数词+名词；the+最初级/比较级，以及暗示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter.高考考例：（2004湖北卷）Therearetwobuildings, standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich解析：答案为D.thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B选项缺少一个连词.（2004辽宁卷）Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80% aresoldabroad.A.ofwhich B.whichofC.ofthem D.ofthat解析：答案为A.80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes.本题意为：这家工场每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的.“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句罕有错误我们在学习定语从句时,经常会看到"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,经常会出现五类错误.现在归结如下：一、关系词的误用1.ThepersontowhoyoushouldwriteisMrHall.(whom)Ilostthebookinthattherearefivecolorpictures.(which)Thedayonwhenwecansendmenintospacehasatlastcome.(which)Hewentbacktothehouseinwherehewasborntwentyyearsago.(which)简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词whom(指人,如1不成为who所代替)或which(指物,如2.先行词即便为暗示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不克不及用when或where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时按照句意的需要,也可以接where.如：Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor,fromwherehesawthemantakeaphotoofsomethingonthedesk.他躲在门前面，从那里他看见那团体拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指frombehindthedoor”从门前面”，并不是指fromthedoor”从门”)二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配5.Hewastheboyafterwhomthewomanhadlookedformanyyears.(whomthewomanhadlookedafterformanyyears)简析:若将定语从句中搭配极其固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们自己的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如lookafter,lookfor,dependon,goinfor(迷恋)等短语.三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当6.Thefarminwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisn'twhatitusedtobe.(on)Shewantedtofindthewaywithwhichshecouldmakeeveryonelivemorehappily.(in)简析:6.onthefarm为习惯搭配，暗示"在农场";7.in与way搭配,暗示"用……办法，以……方法".四、介词与定语从句中的谓语部分搭配不当8.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonfromwhomshecouldturnforhelp.(to)Thisisthetreeinwhichtheboatwastied.(to)Canyoufindanobjectwithwhichyourtoyissimilar?(to)简析:8.turntosb.forhelp暗示"向某人求助";9.tie与to连用，暗示"拴/系到……上"；10.similar与to搭配,暗示"与……相似".五、介词与句子的具体寄义搭配不当11.Ican'tremembertheageinwhichIwonthatprize.(at)12.Thatistheageatwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappy.(in)简析:按照全句意义，11中的age作"年岁"解，应与at搭配；12中的age暗示"时期，时代",应与in搭配.练习：用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空.Wehavemanylabs，thelargest wasbuiltlastyear.Thestrangeforceisgravity theearthpullsallbodies.TheEnglishplay mystudentsactedattheNewYear”spartywasagreatsuccess.Heofferedusalotofmoney wecouldn”tbuythesemachines.Nowwehaveverypowerfultelescopes wecanstudytheskies.Idon’tthinkthenumberofpeople thishappensisverylarge.A.whomB.towhomC.onwhomD.whichTheschoolhas3，000students， 1，800aremen.A.whoseB.ofwhomC.thatD.ofwhichRecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase, wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhoseThegentleman youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhomShewrotealotofstoriesforchildren, thisisoneexample.A.inwhichB.ofwhichC.amongthemD.ofthemHeofferedusalotofmoney wecouldn’tbuythesemachines.A.withoutwhichB.withthatC.withwhichD.withoutthatMary, forhelp,hasgonetoEngland.A.whoIcangotoB.whomIcangoC.towhomIcangoD.IcangotoNowwehaveverypowerfultelescopes wecanstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.throughwhichD.bywhichTheman shewasmarriedwasasoldier.A.whomB.towhomC.withwhomD.whoTom, Iwenttotheconcert,isafriendofmine.A.whomB.whoC.withwhomD.whoseYesterdayMr.Lifinallyboughthisownhouse, isahospital.A.inwhereB.totheeastofwhichC.totheeastofitD.intheeastofthatMybrother'spurse,heput¥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.A.thereB.whichC.inwhichD.thatThefootballmatch thestudentscompetedyesterdaywasverywonderful.A.inwhichB.whichC.inthatD.thatThereason hewaslateagainwasthathewascaughtinatrafficjamintherushhour.A.whichB.inwhichC.forwhichD.ofwhichHisglasses, hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.A.whichB.withoutwhichC.withwhichD.withoutthoseThecomputer, hepaid¥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.A.whichB.forwhichC.thatD.tothatInthepastwelostmanychances, wepaidlittleattention.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.towhichThepen, Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.A.withwhichB.withthatC.asD.withitMaryhastwobrothers, aredoctors.A.bothoftheyB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.whomofbothTheproblem youarguedaboutyesterdayhasbeensolved.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhichMyauntboughtmeabook,thename Ihaveforgotten..A.ofitB.whichC.whoseD.ofwhichOnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from h