现代大学英语听力3原文及答案unit6331

.Unit7Task1【答案】A.1)Inamentalasylum.2)Hewasamemberofacommitteewhichwenttheretoshowconcernforthepertinentsthere.3)Theywerecantsbehavinglikehumans.4)Hewasinjuredinabusaccidentandbecamementallyill.5)Hespenttherestofhislifeincomfort.B.painter,birds,animals,cats,wide,published,encouragement,Ayearortwo,TheIllustratedLondonNews,cats'Christmasparty,ahundredandfifty,worldfamous【原文】DanRider,abooksellerwholovedgoodcauses,wasamemberofacommitteethatvisitedmentalasylums.Ononevisithenoticedapatient,aquietlittleman,drawingcats.Riderlookedatthedrawingsandgasped."Goodlord,man,"heexclaimed."YoudrawlikeLouisWain!""IamLouisWain,"saidtheartist.MostpeopletodayhaveneverheardofLouisWain.But,whenRiderfoundhimin1925,hewasahouseholdname."Hemadethecathisown.Heinventedacatstyle,acatsociety,awholecatworld,"saidH.G.Wellsinabroadcastappealamonthortwolater."BritishcatsthatdonotlookandlivelikeLouisWaincatsareashamedofthemselves."BeforeLouisWainbegandrawingthem,catswerekeptstrictlyinthekitcheniftheywerekeptatall.Theywereusefulforcatchingmiceandperhapsforkeepingthemaidservantcompany.Anyoneelsewhofeltaffectionforcatsusuallykeptquietaboutit.Ifamanadmittedthathelikedcats,hewouldbelaughedat.Thedogwastheonlydomesticanimalthatcouldbecalledafriend.LouisWainstudiedartasayouthandbecamequiteasuccessfulnewspaperandmagazineartist.Hespecializedinbirdsandanimals,includingdogs,butneverdrewacattillhiswifewasdying.Theyhadnotbeenmarriedlong,andduringherillnessablack-and-whitecatcalledPeterusedtositonherbed.Toamusehiswife,LouisWainusedtosketchandcaricaturethecatwhilehesatbyherbedside.Sheurgedhimtoshowthese-drawingstoeditors,fiewasunconvinced,butwantedtohumourher.Thefirsteditorheapproachedsharedhislackofenthusiasm."Whoeverwouldwanttoseeapictureofacat?"heasked,andLouisWainputthedrawingsaway.AyearortwolaterheshowedthemtotheeditorofTheIllustratedLondonNews,whosuggestedapictureofacats'Christmaspartyacrosstwofullpages.UsinghisoldsketchesofPeter,LouisWainproducedapicturecontainingaboutahundredandfiftycats,eachonedifferentfromtherest.Ittookhimafewdaystodraw,anditmadehimworldfamous.Forthenexttwenty-eightyearshedrewnothingbutcats.Hefilledhishousewiththem,andsketchedtheminalltheirmoods.Therewasnothingsubtleabouthiswork.Itshumoursimplylayinshowingcatsperforminghumanactivities;theyfollowedeverynewfashionfromseabathingtomotoring.Hewasrecognized,somewhatflatteringly,astheleadingauthorityonthefelinespecies.HebecamePresidentoftheNationalCatClubandwaseagerlysoughtafterasajudgeatcatshows.LouisWain'scareerendedabruptlyin1914,whenhewasseriouslyinjuredina精选文档..busaccidentandbecamementallyill.Finally,hewascertifiedinsaneandputinanasylumforpaupers.AfterDanRiderfoundhim,appealswerelaunchedandexhibitionsofhisworkarranged,andhespenttherestofhislifeincomfort.Hecontinuedtodrawcats,buttheybecameincreasinglystrangeashismentalillnessprogressed.Psychiatristsfoundthemmorefascinatingthananythinghehaddonewhenhewassane.Task2【答案】A.1)Becausehewasalwaystryingnewthingsandnewwaysofdoingthingsjustlikeayoungpainter.2)Itdidn’tlooklikeher.3)Itwastheonlypicturesheknewthatshowedherasshereallywas.4)PeoplefromthepoorerpartsofParis,whowerethin,hungry,tired,andsick.B.1)F2)T3)F4)TC.1881,1973,Malaga,Spain,ninety-oneyearsD.fifteen,nineteen,twenty-three,colors,darker,change,soft-colored,strange,shape,humanfaceandfigure,strange【原文】PabloPicassowasbornin1881.Soprobablyyouarewonderingwhywecallhim"theyoungestpainterintheworld".Whenhediedin1973,hewasninety-oneyearsold.Butevenatthatage,hewasstillpaintinglikeayoungpainter.Forthatreason,wehavecalledhimthe"youngest"painter.Youngpeoplearealwaystryingnewthingsandnewwaysofdoingthings.Theywelcomenewideas.Theyarerestlessandareneversatisfied.Theyseekperfection.Olderpeopleoftenfearchange.Theyknowwhattheycandobest,rileyprefertorepeattheirsuccesses,ratherthanriskfailure.Theyhavefoundtheirownplaceinlifeanddon'tliketoleaveit.Weknowwhattoexpectfromthem.Whenhewasoverninety,thisgreatSpanishpainterstilllivedhislifelikeayoungman.Hewasstilllookingfornewideasandfornewwaystousehisartisticmaterials.Picasso'sfiguressometimesfacetwowaysatonce,withtheeyesandnoseinstrangeplaces.Sometimestheyareoutofshapeorbroken.Eventhecolorsarenotnatural.Thetitleofthepicturetellsusitisaperson,butitmaylookmorelikeamachine.AtsuchtimesPicassowastryingtopaintwhathesawwithhismindaswellaswithhiseyes.Heputinthesideofthefaceaswellasthefront.Hepaintedthenakedbodyandtheclothesonitatthesametime.Hepaintedinhisownway.Heneverthoughtaboutotherpeople'sopinions.Mostpaintersdiscoverastyleofpaintingthatsuitsthemandkeeptoit,especiallyifpeopleliketheirpictures.Astheartistgrowsolderhispicturesmaychange,butnotverymuch.ButPicassowaslikeamanwhohadnotyetfoundhisownstyle.Hewasstilllookingforawaytoexpresshisownrestlessspirit.Thefirstthingonenoticedabouthimwasthelookinhislarge,wide-openeyes.GertrudeStein,afamousAmericanwriterwhoknewhimwhenhewasyoung,mentionedthishungrylook,andonecanstillseeitinpicturesofhimtoday.Picassopaintedapictureofherin1906,andthestoryisaninterestingone.AccordingtoGertrudeStein,shevisitedthepainter'sstudioeightyorninetytimeswhilehepaintedherpicture.WhilePicassopaintedtheytalkedabouteverythingin精选文档.

.theworldthatinterestedthem.ThenonedayPicassowipedoutthepaintedheadthoughhehadworkedonitforsolong."WhenIlookatyouIcan'tseeyouanymore!"heremarked.Picassowentawayforthesummer.Whenhereturned,hewentatoncetothepictureleftinthecomerofhisstudio.Quicklyhefinishedthefacefrommemory.Hecouldseethewoman'sfacemoreclearlyinhismindthanhecouldseeitwhenshesatinthestudioinfrontofhim.WhenpeoplecomplainedtohimthatthepaintingofMissSteindidn'tlooklikeher,Picassowouldreply,"Toobad.She'llhavetolooklikethepicture."Butthirtyyearslater,GertrudeSteinsaidthatPicasso'spaintingofherwastheonlypicturesheknewthatshowedherasshereallywasPicassowasborninMalaga,Spain,apleasant,quiettown.Hisfatherwasapainterandartteacherwhogavehissonhisfirstlessonsindrawing.YoungPablodidbadlyatschool.Hewaslazyanddidn'tlistentowhattheteachersweresaying.Hehadconfidenceinhimselffromthebeginning.Butitwassoonclearthattheboywasanartistanddeservedthebesttraininghecouldget.Notevenhisearliestdrawingslookliketheworkofachild.OnecansaythatPicassowasborntobeapainter.Hewonaprizeforhispaintingwhenhewasonlyfifteen.HestudiedartinseveralcitiesinSpain.Buttherewasnoonetoteachhimallhewantedtoknow.WhenhewasnineteenhevisitedParis.Pariswasthenthecenteroftheworldforartists.Mostpainterswenttheresoonerorlatertostudy,toseepictures,andtomakefriendswithotherpainters.Everythingthatwasnewandexcitingintheworldofpaintinghappenedthere.Whenhewastwenty-three,Picassoreturnedtheretolive,andlivedinFrancefortherestofhislife.Hewasalreadyafinepainter.Hepaintedscenesoftownlife—peopleinthestreetsandinrestaurants,athorseracesandbullfights.Theywerepaintedinbrightcolorsandwerelovelytolookat.Butlifewasnoteasyforhim.Forseveralyearshepaintedpeoplefromthepoorerpartsofthecity.Hepaintedmenandwomenwhowerethin,hungry,tired,andsick.Hiscolorsgotdarker.Mostofthesepictureswerepaintedinblue,andshowedveryclearlywhattheartistsawandfelt.Thepaintingsofthis"blueperiod"arefullofpityanddespair.Picassodidnothavetowaitlongforsuccess.Ashebegantosellhispicturesandbecomerecognizedasapainter,hispicturestookonawarmerlook.Atthesametimehebegantopaintwithmoreandmorefreedom.Hebegantoseepeopleandplacesassimpleformsorshapes.Henolongertriedtomakehispicturestruetolife.Theresultsatfirstseemedstrangeandnotreal.Thepicturesweredifficulttounderstand.HisstyleofpaintingwasknownasCubism,fromtheshapeofthecube.Manypeopledidnotlikethisnewandsometimesfrighteningstyle.Butwhatgreatpaintingsgiveusisaviewoflifethroughoneman'seyes,andeveryman'sviewisdifferent.SomeofPicasso'spaintingsarerich,soft-colored,andbeautiful.Othersarestrangewithsharp,blackoutlines.Butsuchpaintingsallowustoimaginethingsforourselves.Theycanmakeourownviewoftheworldsharper.Fortheyforceustosaytoourselves,"Whatmakeshimpaintlikethat?Whatdoeshesee?"Birds,places,andfamiliarobjectsplayapartinPicasso'spainting.But,whenonethinksofhim,oneusuallythinksofthewayhepaintedthehumanfaceandfigure.Itisbothbeautifulandstrange.GertrudeSteinwrote,"Thehead,theface,thehumanbody--theseareallthatexistforPicasso.Thesoulsofpeopledonotinteresthim.Therealityoflifeisinthehead,theface,andthebody."精选文档.

.Task3【答案】AmericanDecorativeArtsandSculpture:colonialperiod,furniture,ceramics,shipmodelsAmericanArt:TheFarEast,Islam,scrollpainting,Buddhistsculpture,prints,thethirdmillenniumEuropeanDecorativeArtsandSculpture:Western,thefifthcentury,Medievalart,decorativearts,Englishsilver,porcelain,themusicalinstrumentsPaintings:11thcentury,20thcentury,impressionists,Spanish,DutchTextilesandCostumes:highquality,abroadselection,weavings,laces,costumes,accessories【原文】WelcometotheMuseumofFineArts.Bostonhaslongbeenrecognizedasaleadingcenterforthearts.Oneofthecity'smostimportantculturalresourcesistheMuseumofFineArts,whichhousescollectionsofartfromantiquitytothepresentday,manyofthemunsurpassed.Nowletmeintroducetoyousomeofthecollectionshere.TheMuseum'scollectionsofAmericandecorativeartsandsculpturerangefromthecolonialperiodtothepresenttime,withmajoremphasisonpre-CivilWarNewEngland.Furniture,silver,glass,ceramics,andsculptureareonexhibition,aswellasanimportantcollectionofshipmodels.Favoriteamongmuseum-goersarethecollectionof18th-centuryAmericanfurniture,theperiodrooms,andthesuperbcollectionofsilver.TheBostonMuseum'sAsiaticcollectionsareuniversallyrecognizedasthemostextensiveassemblagetobefoundanywhereunderoneroof.ArtistictraditionsoftheFarEast,Islam,andIndiaarerepresentedbyobjectsdatingfromthethirdmillenniumB.C.tothecontemporaryera.ThecollectionsofJapaneseandChineseartareespeciallynoteworthy.ThevarietyofstrengthsinthecollectionarereflectedinsuchareasasJapaneseprints,ChineseandJapanesescrollpainting,Chineseceramics,andarenownedcollectionofBuddhistsculpture.TheDepartmentofEuropeanDecorativeArtsandSculpturehousesWesternEuropeanworksofartdatingfromthefifthcenturythrough1900.OutstandingamongtheseholdingsarethecollectionofmedievalartandthecollectionofFrench18th-centurydecorativearts.AlsoofexceptionalimportancearetheEnglishsilvercollection,the18th-centuryEnglishandFrenchporcelain,andthecollectionofmusicalinstruments.TheMuseumhasoneoftheworld'sforemostcollectionsofpaintingsrangingfromthe11thcenturytotheearly20thcentury.ThisdepartmentisnotedforFrenchpaintingsfrom1825to1900,especiallyworksbytheimpressionists.TheMuseum'sgreatcollectionofpaintingsbyAmericanartistsincludesmorethan60worksbyJohnSingletonCopleyand50byGilbertStuart.ThereisalsoastrongrepresentationofpaintingsfromSpain,Italy,andtheNetherlands.Thecollectionoftextilesandcostumesisrankedamongthegreatestintheworldbecauseofthehighqualityandrarityofindividualpiecesandbecauseithasabroadselectionofrepresentativeexamplesofweavings,embroideries,laces,printedfabrics,costumes,andcostumeaccessories.Thetextileartsofbotheasternandwesternculturesareincluded,datingfrompre-Christiantimestothepresent.精选文档.

.ApartfromwhatIhavementioned,theMuseumhasgotmuchmoretooffer,forexample,thecollectionsofclassicalart,EgyptianandancientNearEasternart,and20th-centuryart.I'llleaveyoutoexplorebyyourselvesandenjoyyourtimehere.Task4【答案】A.1)specialists,specializedsettings,money,sharpdivision2)conventions,somesocietiesandperiods3)commodityB.1)Becausetheylackedopportunity:Thenecessarysocial,educational,andeconomicconditionstocreateartrarelyexistedforwomeninthepast.2)BecausetheartofindigenouspeoplesdidnotsharethesameexpressivemethodsoraimsasWesternart.C.1)F2)T【原文】Thefunctionsoftheartistandartworkhavevariedwidelyduringthepastfivethousandyears.Itourtime,theartistisseenasanindependentworker,dedicatedtotheexpressionofauniquesubjectiveexperience.Oftentheartist'sroleisthatoftheoutsider,acriticalorrebelliousfigure.Heorsheisaspecialistwhohasusuallyundergoneadvancedtraininginauniversitydepartmentofartortheater,oraschoolwithaparticularfocus,suchasamusicconservatory.Inoursocieties,worksofartarepresentedinspecializedsettings:theaters,concerthalls,performancespaces,galleries,andmuseum.Thereisusuallyasharpdivisionbetweentheartistandherorhisaudienceofnon-artists.Wealsoassociateworksofartwithmoney:artauctionsinwhichpaintingssellformillionsofdollars,ticketsalestotheballet,orfundraisingforthelocalsymphony.Inothersocietiesandpartsofourownsociety,nowandinthepast,theartsareclosertothelivesofordinarypeople.Forthemajorityoftheirhistory,artistshaveexpressedthedominantbeliefsofaculture,ratherthanrebellingagainstthem.Inplaceofouremphasisonthedevelopmentofapersonalororiginalstyle,artistsweretrainedtoconformtotheconventionsoftheirartform.Norhaveartistsalwaysbeenspecialists;insomesocietiesandperiods,allmembersofasocietyparticipatedinart.ThemodernWesterneconomicmode,whichtreatsartasacommodityforsale,isnotuniversal.InsocietiessuchasthatoftheNavaho,theconceptofsellingorcreatingasalableversionofasandpaintingwouldbecompletelyincomprehensible.SellingNavahosandpaintingscreatedaspartofaritualwouldprofaneasacredexperience.Artists'identitiesarerarelyknownbeforetheRenaissance,withtheexceptionoftheperiodofClassicalGreece,whenartistswerehighlyregardedfortheirindividualtalentsandstyles.Amongartistswhowereknown,therewerefewerwomenthanmen.Inthetwentiethcentury,manyfemaleartistsinallthedisciplineshavebeenrecognized.Theirabsenceinpriorcenturiesdoesnotindicatelackoftalent,butreflectslackofopportunity.Thenecessarysocial,educational,andeconomicconditionstocreateartrarelyexistedforwomeninthepast.ArtistsofcolorhavealsobeenrecognizedintheWestonlyrecently.Thereasonsforthisabsencerangefromthesimple--therewerefewAsiansinAmericaandEuropepriortothemiddleofthenineteenthcentury--tothecomplexitiessurroundingAfricanAmericans.Theartofindigenouspeoples,whilefarolderthanthatoftheWest,didnotsharethesameexpressivemethodsoraimsasWesternart.Untilrecently,suchart精选文档.

.wasignoredordismissedinWesternsocietybythedominantculturalgatekeepers.Task5【答案】A.1)a)2)c)3)b)B.Ⅰ.observant,adog,LeatherBarⅡ.Magnificentvisualmemory,essentialsⅢ.Rhythm,DustmenⅣ.everydayscenes,HersaltysenseofhumourC.1)T2)F3)T4)T【原文】FewartistscanhavemadesuchanimmediateimpactonthepublicasBerylCook.Atonemomentshewascompletelyunknown;atthenext,soitseemed,almosteveryonehadheardofher.First,afewpaintingsappearedquietlyinthewindowofaremotecountryantiqueshop.ThentherewereexhibitionsinPlymouth,inBristol,inLondon;anarticleinacoloursupplement,atelevisionprogramme,aseriesofgreetingscardsandahighlysuccessfulbook.Herrisewasallthemoreastonishingsinceshewascompletelyuntrained,andwasalreadymiddle-agedbythetimeshebegantopaint.Facedwithsuchaseriesofevents,thetemptationistodiscussBeryl'sartinthecontextofnaiveart.Thisseemstomeamistake,forsheisahighlysophisticatedandoriginalpainter,whoseworkdeservestobetakenonitsownterms.Whatarethoseterms?IfoneactuallymeetsBeryl,onecomestounderstandthemalittlebetter.Thepicturesmayseemextrovert,butsheisnot.Forexample,sheistooshytoturnupatherownprivateviewings.Herpleasureistostayinthebackground,observing.AndwhatanobserverBerylCookis!ItsohappensthatIwaspresentwhentheideasfortwoofthepaintingsinthepresentcollectiongerminated.Oneisaportraitofmydog,aFrenchbulldogcalledBertie.WhenBerylcametoseemeforthefirsttime,hejumpedupthestairsaheadofher,wearinghiswintercoatwhichismadefromanoldscarf.Afewdayslaterhispicturearrivedinthepost.ThepicturecalledLeatherBarhaditsbeginningsthesameevening.ItookBerylandherhusbandJohntoapub.Therewasafight,andwesawsomeonebeingthrownoutbythebouncers.Thepointaboutthesetwoincidentsisthattheybothhappenedinaflash.Noonewascarryingcamera;therewasnoopportunitytomakesketches.ButsomehowtheessentialsofthesceneregisteredthemselvesonBeryl,andshewasabletorecordthemlaterinanabsolutelyconvincingandauthoritativeway.Thefactisshehastwoveryraregifts,notone.Shehasamagnificentvisualmemory,andatsametimesheisabletorearrangeandsimplifywhatsheseesuntilitmakesacompletelyconvincingcomposition.Bertie'sportrait,withitsplumpbacksideandbowlegs,ismorelikeBertiethanreflectioninamirror—itcatchestheabsoluteessentialsofhisphysiqueandpersonality.ButthesegiftsarejustthefoundationofwhatBerylCookdoes.Shehasaverykeenfeelingforpictorialrhythm.ThepictureofDustmen,forinstance,hasawhirlingrhythmwhichisemphasizedbythemovementoftheirlargehandsinredrubbergloves—thesebighandsareoftenaspecialfeatureofBeryl'spictures.TheEnglishartistshemostcloselyresemblesinthisrespectisStanleySpencer.DetailssuchasthoseIhavedescribedare,ofcourse,justthekindofthingtoappealtoaprofessionalartcritic.Importantastheyare,theywouldnotinthemselves精选文档.

.accountfortheimpactshehashadonthepublic.Basically,Ithinkthisimpactisduetotwothings.WhenBerylpaintsanactual,everydayscene—andIconfessthesearethepicturesIprefer—thesmallestdetailisimmediatelyrecognizable.Herpeople,forexample,seemtofitintoakindofBerylCookstereotype,withtheirbigheadsandfatandroundbodies.Yettheyareinfactbrilliantlyaccurateportraits.WalkingroundPlymouthwithher,Iamalwaysrecognizingpeoplewhohavemadeanappearanceinherwork.Indeed,hervisionissopowerfulthatonetendseveraftertoseetheindividualinthetermsBerylhaschosenforhim/her.Theotherreasonforhersuccessisalmosttooobvioustobeworthmentioning—itishermarveloussenseofhumour.MyFurCoatisapictureofabowler-hattedgentlemanwhoisbeingofferedanunexpectedtreat.Whatmakesthepicturereallymemorableistheexpressiononthefaceoftheman.Thehumouroperateseveninpictureswhicharen'tobviously"funny".Thereissomethingveryendearing,forinstance,inthetworoadsweeperswithPlymouthlighthouseloomingbehindthem.Asenseofhumourmaybeagoodreasonforsuccesswiththepublic.ItisalsoonewhichtendstodevalueBeryl'sworkwithprofessionalartbuffs.Herworkcontainstoomuchlifetoberealartastheyunderstandit.Thisseemstomenonsense,anddangerousnonsenseatthat.Beryldoeswhatartistshavetraditionallydone—shecommentsontheworldassheperceivesit.Andthesametimesherearrangeswhatsheseestomakeapatternofshapesandcoloursonaflatsurface—apatternwhichismorethanthesumofitsindividualpartsbecauseithasthemysteriouspowertoenhanceandexciteourownresponsestothevisible.IsuspectBeryl'spaintingswillberememberedandcherishedlongaftermostlate20th-centuryartisforgotten.Whattheybringusisarealsenseofhowordinarylifeislivedinourowntime,ajudgmentwhichisthemoreauthoritativeforthehumourandlightnessoftouch.Task6【答案】A.objects,actionorstory,paintedandcomposed,interestingB.Plate1:symmetrical,moreinterestingdesignPlate2:asymmetrical,shapes,colorsPlate3:extends,theleftside,pointC.Plate4:c)d)Plate5:a)b)d)Plate6:a)b)d)【原文】Thesixpicturesinyourbookareallwhatwecallstilllifepaintings—thatistosay,theypicturesofordinaryobjectssuchasbasketsoffruit,flowers,andoldbooks.Thereisno“action”,thereisno"story"beingtoldinanyofthesepaintings.Yetwefindthesepaintingsinterestingbecauseofthewaytheyhavebeenpainted,andespeciallybecauseofthewaytheyhavebeencomposed.ThepictureinPLATE1waspaintedbytheseventeenth-centurySpanishmasterZurbaran.HowsimplyZurbaranhasarrangedhisobjects,merelyliningthemupinarowacrossthetable!Byseparatingthemintothreegroups,withthelargestiteminthecenter,hehasmadewhatwecallasymmetricalarrangement.Butitisaratherfree精选文档.

.kindofsymmetry,fortheobjectsontheleftsidearedifferentinshapefromthoseontheright.Furthermore,thepileoflemonslooksheavierthanthecupandsaucer.YetZurbaranhasbalancedthesetwodifferentgroupsinaverysubtleway.Foronething,hehasmadeoneoftheleavespointdownwardtowardtheroseonthesaucer,andhehasmade,theorangesappeartotipslightlytowardtheright.Butevenbythemselves,thecupandsaucer,combinedwiththerose,aremorevariedinshapethanthepileoflemonsontheleft.Allinall,whatZurbarranhasdoneistobalancetheheaviermassoflemonswithamoreinterestingdesignontheright.Wefindacompletelydifferentsortofbalanceinastilllifebytheseventeenth-centuryDutchpainterPieterClaesz(seePLATE2).Objectsofseveraldifferentsizesareapparentlyscatteredatrandomonatable.Claeszhasarrangedthemasymmetrically,thatis,withoutattemptingtomakethetwohalvesofthepicturelookalike.Thetallglasstumbler,forinstance,hasbeenplacedconsiderablyoff-center,weighingdownthecompositionattheleft.YetClaeszhasrestoredthebalanceofthepicturebymassinghismostinterestingshapesandliveliestcolorswellovertotheright.PLATE3,astilllifebytheAmericanpainterWilliamM.Harnett,seemsevenmoreheavilyweightedtooneside,forheretwothickbooksandaninkwellarecounterbalancedmerelybyafewpiecesofpaper.Butnotice