人教版英语七年级下册教材详解

..人教版英语七年级下册教材详解Unit1国家国家人语言某国的，某国人的America;美国theUnitedStates(theU.S.A)AmericanEnglishAmericanBritain英国；England;theUnitedKingdom(theU.K.)EnglishmanEnglishBritishFrance法国FrenchmanFrenchFrenchJapan日本JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseChina中国ChineseChineseChineseCanada加拿大CanadianEnglish,FrenchCanadianlive动词，表"居住；生存〞，短语有：liveon以…为食；以…为生Tigersliveonmeat.livein住在某地HelivesinBeijing.dislike不喜欢〔=don’t/doesn’t/didn’tlike〕如：Idisliketogotothecinema.重点句子Whereishefrom"=Wheredoesheefrom"HeisfromJapan.=Hedoesn’tefromJapan.Wheredoeshelive"----HelivesinTokyo.Pleasewritetomesoon.(writetosb.写信给某人=writealettertosb.)Unit21、street表"街道〞，短语：on/inthestreet在街道上。2、介词短语⑴near在…附近⑵nextto紧挨着⑶acrossfrom在…对面⑷between….and…在Ａ和Ｂ之间⑸infrontof在…外面的前面：Thereisatreeinfrontofahouse.⑹inthefrontof在…里面的前面：Theteacherisinthefrontoftheclassroom.⑺behind在…外面的后面：Theballisbehindthedoor.⑻inthebackof在…里面的后面Myfriendsitsinthebackoftheclassroom.3、through,across，over,和past都是介词，不能单独做谓语，必须与动词连用才能做谓语。1〕through从物体部穿过，如：walkthroughaforest.穿过一个森林2〕past从物体外面绕过,如：walkpastapostoffice经过一个邮局3〕across从物体外表横穿，如：goacrosstheroad横穿马路4〕over从物体上空越过,如：flyoverthecity飞过城市【注意】pass〔经过〕，cross(横穿)都是动词，可作谓语，相当于"动词+past/across〞.如：①Ipass(walkpast)apostofficeeveryday.②Don’tcross(walkacross)theroad.4、straight⑴形容词，笔直的，直的：Shehasstraighthair.她长着直发。⑵副词，直接地Gostraightdowntheroadandthenturnleft.5、turn(1)动词，拐turnleft向左拐(2)名词，拐弯Noleftturn!制止左拐弯6、ontheright在右边，ontheleft在左边7、open(1)动词，翻开Openthedoor.(2)形容词，开着的Thedoorisopen.【注意】close动词，关→closed形容词，关着的。Thedoorisclosed.8、clean(1)动词，清扫Heiscleaningtheroom.(2)形容词，干净的Theroomisclean.9、Weleto+名词，表欢送到某地WeletoChina.但Welebackhome.(home为副词，副词可以直接修饰动词。因此，前不用介词to)10、enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事〔enjoy后只能接动名词v-ing〕Ienjoy.(read)11、walk可作名词，如：takeawalk散步；twentyminutes’walk20分钟的步行12、beginning名词，开场It’sagoodbeginning.那是一个好的开端。短语有：thebeginningof…的开场；atthebeginningof在,,,的开场；inthemiddleof在…的中间；attheendof在…的最后13、visit(1)及物动词①参观,访问visitBeijing②探望visitmygrandpa.(2)名词，短语：onavisitto参观某地TheyareonavisittoBeijing.=TheyarevisitingBeijing.14、havefun玩得开心，过得愉快=enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimehavefundoingsth.在做某事中过的很愉快IhavefunEnglish.(learn)15、hope希望，后不接双宾语，既不能说hopesb.todosth.如：Ihopehimtohelpme.(×)但可接宾语从句，此句可改为Ihope(that)hecanhelpme.16、重点句子：(1)问路①Whereisthehotel"----It’snextto/behind/infrontoftheschool.②Canyoutellmethewaytothehotel"(thewayto去某地的路)(2)指路GostraightandturnleftatNewPark.笔直往前走，在新公园向左拐。GothroughSixAvenue.穿过六街Godownthestreetandit’sonyourleft.沿着街往下走，它在你的左边。Unit31、动物名称词tiger,elephant,dolphin,panda,lion,penguin企鹅,giraffe长颈鹿,koala.树袋熊2、形容词：cute得意的,clever聪明的，smart聪明得意的,ugly丑陋的，friendly友好的；beautiful漂亮的；shy害羞的；lazy懒惰的。3、(1)other形容词，别的，其他的。Whatotherthingsdoyouwant"=Whatelsedoyouwant"(2)others代词，还有一些。常与some连用。〔some…,some…,others…一些….,一些…,还有一些〕如:Therearemanyflowers,somearered,somearewhite,othersareyellow..(3)another表又一个，另一个。Haveanothercupoftea.再喝一杯茶〔已经喝了几杯〕(4)theother〔两者中〕剩下的Ihavetwopen,.Oneisred,theother(one)isblack.(5)theothers其余的人或物Thereisonlytenboysinmyclass,theothers(=theotherstudents)areboys.【注意】others和theothers是代词，代替一些人或物。它们后不加名词，用法同名词性物主代词〔yours,hers,ours….〕4、sleep动词，睡觉。从上床到熟睡的过程有：feelsleepy感到困倦→gotobed上床→fallasleep/gotosleep入睡→beasleep/sleeping睡着了→wakeup醒来→beawake醒着的Lastnight,Ifeltsleepy.AndIwenttobedearly.Afterreadingsomestories,Ifellasleep.WhenIwassleeping,theclockwokemeup.Sincethen,Iwasawaketillthenextmorning.during表在…期间，常可以与in替换。如：duringtheday=intheday在白天。atnight=inthenight在晚上relax动词，放松，休息。Wecanrelax(ourselves)onweekends.【扩展】relaxing令人放松的，轻松的。Relaxed感到放松的。加ing表"令人…的〞，加ed表"感到…的〞，类似的词有：exciting(令人兴奋的),excited〔感到兴奋的〕;interesting(令人感到有趣的)，interested〔感到有趣的〕，surprising令人感到吃惊的，surprised感到吃惊的。8、playwith⑴和某人玩Iliketoplaywithyou〔2〕玩弄某物Look,theboyisplayingwithabasketball.(比拟：playwithabasketball玩篮球；playbasketball打篮球)9、重点句子：Whatanimaldoyoulike"你喜欢什么动物？Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike"你还喜欢别的什么动物？Whydoyoulikedogs"----Becausetheyarefriendlyandclever.(Why问句用because答)Unit41、givesb.sth给某人某物=givesth.tosb.把某物给某人Givemethebook.=Givethebooktome.2、puton穿→wear穿着；①Hegotupquickly,andhisuniform.②Look,heisauniform.3、teachsb.sth.教某人某事，不能说成teachone’ssth教某人的某事。MrLiuteachesourEnglish。〔改错〕→。4、kindof=alittle一点Myworkiskindofdangerous.Akindof一种Dogsareakindoffriendlyanimals.5、goouttodinners到外面吃饭，下馆子。I’mbusy,let’sgoouttodinners.6、重点句子：〔1〕问职业：Whatdoesyourfatherdo"=Whatisyourfather’sjob"=Whatisyourfather"〔2〕问理想：Whatdoyouwanttobe"你想成为什么？---Iwanttobeateacher.〔3〕Wehaveajobforyouasawaiter.(for表适合于；as表作为)〔4〕Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine"(workfor为…工作、效力)〔5〕Doyouliketoworkwithotheryoungpeople"(和某人一起工作，合作)〔6〕Doyouwanttobeintheschoolplay"(bein参加)〔7〕WewantaP.E.teachertoteachsoccer.(wantsb.todosth.想要某人去做某事)Unit51、介词on还可以用于电子媒体前，如:onthephone,onTV,ontheradio,ontheInternet;ontheputer.题：IoftenlearnEnglishtheradio.(A.inB.onC.at)2、wait是不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，须与for连用。Waitme(×)→waitforme(√)3、去购物=dosomeshopping4、语法：现在进展时态构造：be(am,is,are)+v-ing.现在进展时态用法：⑴表示正在进展的动作Iamwritingaletternow.(常与now,listen,look等词连用)⑵表示最近一直在做的一件事〔但说话时不一定在进展〕IamreadingHarryPotterthesedays.〔常与thesedays/weeks等连用〕⑶表示即将发生的动作Iaming.我马上来。〔此类动词常表位置移动：go,leavefor,visit,arrive等〕⑷表示总是出现的事情〔含有感情色彩，批评或表扬，常与always连用〕Heisalwaysborrowingmoneyfromme.他老是找我借钱。〔批评〕Heisalwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。〔表扬〕5、重点句子：(1)What’shewaitingfor"等什么(2)Whoaretheytalkingto"和谁谈(3)Whataretheytalkingabout"谈论什么【注意】what和who分别是代事物和人的疑问代词，作waitfor,talkto,talkabout的宾语，而wait,talk都是不及物动词，所以后要加介词，即waitforwhat,talktowho,talkaboutwhat。疑问代词还有，which,whom等。问时间when,地点Where，方式how等不是代替人或事物的词都是疑问副词，因为副词可以直接修饰动词，所以不及物动词可以直接使用，如:①Wherearetheytalking"〔talk后不带to〕②Whenwillhearrive"(arrive后不加at,in)〔4〕Herearesomeofmyphotos.我的照片中的一些在这儿。【注意】of可表"…中的…〞，如;oneof…中之一；someof…中的一些；manyof…中的很多;mostof…中的大多数。Some,many,most也可以不与of连用，后直接接名词，如someofmyphotos或somephotosofmine,不能说成somemyphotos.〔5〕IamwithmysisterGina.(bewithsb和某人在一起)Unit61、rain(1)名词，雨Don’tgooutintherain.Itisaheavyrain.(2)动词，下雨Itisgoingtorain.rainy形容词，下雨的。Itisrainy/raining.Idon’tlikearainyday.2.snow(1)名词，雪Snowiswhite.(2)动词，下雪Itsnowedheavily/hardyesterday.snowy形容词，下雪的Itissnowy/snowing.3.cloud名词，云→cloudy多云的；wind风→windy有风的；sun太阳→sunny晴朗的4.cook①动词，煮，做饭。Heiscooking.②名词，厨师Myfatherisacook.cooker名词，炊具,锅Acookusesacookertocookmeat.5.study和learn的区别，他们都表学习，常可互换，但study有研究意思，比learn学得深一些。Ienjoystudying/learningEnglish.6.Lie有平躺，位于的意思，lie还有撒谎的意思。Lay意思为放，搁，下蛋。其过去式、过去分词、现在分词如下：

lie

(平躺，位于)－lay－lain－lying

如：①Heislyingonthebeach.②ItliesinHubei.

lie(撒谎)－lied－lied－lying

如：Don’tlietome.

lay(放，搁，下蛋)－laid－laid－laying如：Helaidhiscoatonthebed.题：Don’tyourcoatonthefloor.Iteasilygetsdirty.A.lieB.layC.liedD.laid7.Cool①凉爽的It’scoolinfall.②好极了Theylookcool.8.heat①名词，热量Iamsurprisedtheycanplayinthisheat.(在这样的高温下)②动词，给…加热heatthemilk9.短语：①Onvacation在度假②takeaphoto拍照③lookat朝…看④haveagood/great/wonderfultime玩得快乐，过得愉快=enjoyoneself=havefun.⑤inthisheat.在这样的高温下10、重点句子：(1)问天气:How’stheweather"=What’stheweatherlike"---It’ssunny/windy/cloudy/raining.(2)How’sitgoing"(你过得)怎样？---Prettygood相当好/Great很好/Notbad还可以/Terrible真糟糕Reviewofunits1—61、describe动词，描述Wordscannotdescribemyfeelings.言语不能描述我的感受。description名词,描述Yourdescriptionofthemaniscorrect.你对他的描述是正确的。2、following下面的，放于所修饰词前，如：thefollowingwords下面的单词。同义词below(下面的)和反义词above(上面的)都用于所修饰词后，如：thewordsbelow/above.3、lookfor寻找；find找到；Ilookedforiteverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere.4、talkabout谈论；talkto/with和某人交谈5、improve动词，改善，提高。ItriedmybesttoimprovemyEnglish.6、inorderto表"为了〞，后接动词原形。Igetupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.【扩展】⑴inorderto=soasto表"为了，以便〞后都接动词原形,否认形式分别为：inordernotto和soasnotto如：Shegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchtheearlybus.②inorderto可放句首，而soasto不能。③soasto可分开使用，而inorderto不能。如：Theteacherspokesoslowlyastobeunderstoodbythestudents.(2)sothat和inorderthat都表"为了，以便〞后都接句子。sothat引导的从句只能放在句中，而inorderthat引导的从句既可放在句首也可放在句中。另外，sothat还可引导结果状语从句，意为"因此，结果〞，例如：①Shegotupearlysothat/inorderthatshecouldcatchtheearlybus.(为了，以便)②Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.〔因此〕Unit71、popularadj.受欢送的，流行的。短语：bepopularwith受某人的欢送LiYuchunispopularwithyoungpeople.宇春受年轻人的欢送。2、tall与high都指高，但tall常用于人、树木等细长物〔反义词short短、矮〕，high用于指物而不指人〔反义词low低的〕。如：atallman,ahighmountain.【扩展】tall/high是形容词，名词为height〔高度〕，如：Themountainishigh,theheightofitis5kilometersabovethesea.类似的有：long长的→length长度；wide宽的→width宽度；heavy重的→weight重量3、alittlebit一点儿4、joke名词，笑话。Helovestotelljokes〔讲笑话〕【短语】playajokeonsb.开某人的玩笑Helikestoplayajokeonme.5、stopdoingsth.停顿正在做的事情；stoptodosth.=stopdoingAtodoB停下来去做另件事比拟：stoptalking〔停顿讲话〕；stoptotalk〔开场讲话〕。类似的有：goondongsth.继续做某事〔同件事〕；goontodosth.接着去做某事〔另件事〕题:①Youhaveworkedforalongtime.Youshouldstop(have)arest.②Youshouldstop〔smoke〕.It’sbadforyourhealth.people和person〔1〕person指"人"，是可数名词。指具体的人，侧重于个体，无男女性别之分，常和数词连用，一般用于数目不大且比拟准确的场合。例如：Ayoungpersoncamein.一位年轻人走了进来。〔2〕people泛指"人们"，是集体名词，做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。例如：SomepeoplespeakFrenchinthiscountry.在这个国家一局部人讲法语。【扩展】people还可表示"民族；种族"，是可数名词，其复数形式为peoples。例如：Therearefifty-sixpeoplesinChina.中国有56个民族。题：①Theonthebikeismysister.②Therearealotofintheroom.look除作动词"看〞，还可作名词，常用复数，表"长相〞。如：Shehasgoodlooks.8、remember动词，记得。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事〔做过〕；remembertodosth.记得要去做某事〔事还没做〕。类似用法的动词有forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事；forgettodosth.忘记要做某事。如：①Iremember/forgettellingyou.我记得/忘记告诉过你了(告诉你已经发生过)；②Iwillremembertotellyou.=Iwon’tforgettotellyou我将记得告诉你。(目前还没告诉)10、not…anymore(1)not...anymore=nomore表示次数不再继续；如：Iwon’tbelateanymore.=Iwillbenomorelate.(2)not...anylonger=nolonger表示时间不再继续。如：Youarenotachildanylonger.=Youarenolongerachild.11、nobody=notanybody没人Thereisnobodyintheroom.=Thereisnotanybodyintheroom.12、ClassFive,GradeNine=Class5，Grade9(九年级5班)【注意】专有名词要大写，名词在前，数字在后，前不用the.题：Sheisin.A.room102B.102RoomC.theRoom102D.Room10213、Yes,that’sher.那就是她。It’sme.是我。〔用代词宾格her,me〕14、thecaptainof…的队长Heisthecaptainofbasketballteam.(captain还表"船长，机长〞)15、重点句子〔1〕问长相：Whatdoeshelooklike"----Heisofmediumheight/build.他中等身高/体型。短语:beofmediumheight/build中等身高/体型〔2〕Sheistall.Shehascurlyhair.她很高，长着卷发。动词be后常接形容词作表语，用来描述主语是怎样的。have除了表"吃喝；有〞的意思外，还可以表"长着〞，Hehastwobigeyes.Unit81、drink除了表"喝〞，还可以作名词，表饮料，常用复数。2、不可数名词不能直接用数词来修饰，须与数量词连用，构造为：数词+量词+of+名词。如acupoftea→twocupsoftea两杯茶;abowlofrice→twobowlsofrice两碗米饭abagofsalt→twobagsofsalt两袋盐;abottleofwater→twobottlesofwater两瓶水【注意】数词大于1，量词要用复数，但不可数名词没有复数。可数名词也可以与数量词连用，但要用复数形式。如：abagofapples→twobagsofapples题：Wouldyougiveme________,please"A.twopapersB.twopieceofpaperC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers3、wouldlike(想要)=want后接名词或动词不定式，即：wouldliketodosth.想去做某事。如：I’dliketoplaybasketballwithyou.4、重点句子：〔1〕问种类：Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike"---I’dlikebeefnoodles.〔2〕问尺寸:Whatsizebowlofnoodleswouldhelike"---He’dlikeasmall/medium/largebowlofnoodles.Unit91、whatabout=howabout用来询问"...怎么样"〞，about是一个介词，后接动词ing。如：Whataboutplayingbasketball"---Goodidea.2、stayathome呆在家里3、dosomereading阅读〔类似的短语有：dosomeshopping购物；〕4、practice动词，练习。practicedoingsth.练习做某事。〔只能接动名词，不接不定式的动词有：enjoy喜欢,finish完成，practice练习,；allow允许，consider考虑,discuss讨论advise建议；mind介意,stand忍受〕题：①Ienjoy(practice)(speak)Englisheveryday.②Youhavefinished(read).Wouldyoumind(lend)ittome"5、辨析take；cost；spend；pay主语为人的有spend和pay；主语为物的有cost；主语常为"it〞的有take.(1)spend表"某人花费时间或金钱做某事/在某事上〞，用于：Sbspendsomemoney/time(in)doingsth.或Sbspendsomemoney/timeonsth(2)pay常表"某人花钱买某物〞。用于：Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.(3)cost常表"某物花费某人某些钱〞，用于：Sth.costsb.somemoney.(4)take尤指"做某事花费某人某些时间〞,常用于：Ittakessbsometimetodosth【例题】Howmuchmoneydidyouinfixingyourwatch"A.costB.payC.spend6、goforawalk去散步7、studyforatest复习备考8、It’stimetodosth.=It’stimeforsth.该是…的时候了。如:It’stimetogotoschool.=It’stimeforschool.该上学了。9、suggestion和advice都表"建议〞，但suggestion是可数名词，而advice是不可数名词。题：Ihaveatomake.10、重点句子：〔1〕Whatdidyou/she/theydolastweekend"---I/She/Theywenttomovies.〔2〕Ihavenofriends=Idon’thaveanyfriends.Hewanttodonothing.=Hedoesn’twanttodoanything.【总结】可以在动词后接否认的宾语，也可以用助动词否认动词。完成下题目：①Hehavemoney.=Hehasmoney.②Heknowsnobodyinthetown.=Heknowinthetown.11、语法：一般过去时态Unit101、fantastic极好的=great,如：Itwasafantastic/greatmovie.2、expensive昂贵的，反义词：cheap3、thinkof想起；考虑，认为>thinkabout考虑，认为4、inthecornerofaroom在房间的角落里；onthecornerofastreet在街道拐角。5、decide决定，用法：(1)decideonsth选定/决定某事物：Wewilltrytodecideonaschool.(2)decidetodosth.=decideondoingsth.决定去做某事Idecidetostudyhard.6、crowd①动词，拥挤②名词，群→crowded形容词，拥挤的⑴crowdaround拥挤在…的周围Acrowdofpeoplecorrodedaroundhim.⑵acrowdof一群,一堆Thereareacrowdofpeopleintheroom.⑶becrowdedwith挤满了…Theroomwascrowdedwithpeople.

⑷crowded拥挤的,挤满的acrowdedtrain7、discussdoingsth.讨论做某事：Theydiscussed(sell)thehouse.8、be/getlost丧失了；迷路了①Mykeysarelost.②Theboywaslost.9、重点句子〔1〕Wheredidyougoonvacation？你去哪里度假？---IwentSummerPalace.〔2〕Ifoundasmallboycryinginthecorner.(句型：findsb.doingsth.发现某人正在做某事)〔3〕Iwalkbacktothehotel.(walkto走向…;walkbackto走回…)Unit111、can’tstanddoingsth.无法忍受做某事Ican’tstandlisteningtotheloudmusic.can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事ThemovieissomovingthatIcan’thelpcrying.can’twaittodosth.迫不及待地去做某事Ican’twaittoflythere.2、Wouldyoumind(not)doingsth.你介意(别)做某事吗？〔礼貌地请求某人做或别做某事〕答复去做的有：Notatall或Ofcoursenot或Certainlynot答复不去做的有:Sorry，Iwon’t./Yes,pleasedon’t./You’dbetternot.Wouldyoumindmy/mesmokinghere"(常用物主代词my,her,his,our等，很少用代词宾格me,he,us等)infact事实上Infact,youarewrong.4、agree的用法：(1)agreewith后常接人或what引导的从句，表同意某人，如：①Iagreewithyou.②Iagreewithwhatyousaid.(2)agreetosth.