2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration单元主题训练

PAGEUNIT4单元主题训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·佛山二模)Thefutureofspaceexplorationmaydependonanartformfromthepast:origami(折纸艺术),theancientartofpaperfolding.ResearchersfromWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU),US,haveusedorigamitopossiblysolvetheproblemofstoringandmovingfueltorocketengines,akeychallengeinspacetravel,accordingtoNewswise.They'vedevelopedafoldableplasticfuel“bladder(囊状物)”resistanttosupercoldtemperatures,whichcouldbeusedtostoreandpumpfuelinspacecraftsofthefuture.TheirfindingshaverecentlybeenpublishedinthejournalCryogenics.“Folkshavebeentryingtomakebagsforrocketfuelforalongtime，”saidJakeLeachman,oneoftheleadresearchers.“Wecurrentlydon'tdolarge,long­durationtripsbecausewecan'tstorefuellongenoughinspace.”Meanwhile,NASAisalsolookingtopaperfoldingtohelpobservedistantplanets.TheagencyiscurrentlydevelopingStarshade,afoldable,sunflower­shapedpieceofhardwarethatwouldhelpblockstarlightandenabletelescopestoviewdistantobjectsmoreclearlyinspace.“Ahugepartofmyjobislookingatsomethingonpaperandasking,‘Canweflythis？’”MananArya,atechnologistinCalifornia,said.“OnceIrealizedthisishowyoufoldspacecraftstructures,Ibecameinterestedinorigami.IrealizedIwasgoodatitandenjoyedit.Now,Ifoldconstantly.”Usingorigamiforspacepurposesisn'tnew,however.Solararrays(太阳能阵列),experimentalwingsforspaceshuttleprogramsandaninflatable(可充气的)satellitewerealsoinspiredbyorigamiinbothpastandpresentspaceprojects.“Withmostorigami,themagiccomesfromthefolding，”RobertSalazar,whohelpeddesigntheStarshadeandnowworksontheTransformersproject,saidinastatement.“Therearesomanypatternstostillbeexplored.”eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。)1．Whichcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．Foldingintospace.B．Theartofpaperfolding.C．Spaceexploration.D．Theorigami­inspiredprojects.解析：选A标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“Thefutureof...,theancientartofpaperfolding.”可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。2．Howcouldthe“bladder”helpinfuturemissions?A．Toprotectspacecraftsfromextremeweather.B．Tobeusedtostoreandsupplyfuelinspacecrafts.C．Tohelprocketenginescutenergyconsumption.D．Tobeusedtoimproveenergyefficiency.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中“They'vedeveloped...inspacecraftsofthefuture.”可知，囊状物被用来在航天器中存储和提供燃料。3．WhatcanweknowaboutNASA'sStarshade?A．Itcanbeusedtogettelescopesclosertostars.B．Itcanenlargetheviewoftelescopesinspace.C．Itcanabsorbastar'slightbeforeitenterstelescopes.D．Itcanhelptelescopesgetclearerpicturesofobjectsinspace.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theagencyis...toviewdistantobjectsmoreclearlyinspace.”可知，NASA的Starshade可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。4．Whichsectionisthistextfrom?A．Atraveljournal. B．Adigest.C．Asciencereport. D．Anadvertisement.解析：选C推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用，所以文章是一篇科学报道。BThemoon,whichhasexperiencedadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.Themoonmaybedividedintotwomajorterrains：theMaria(darklowlands)andtheTerrace(brighthighlands).Thecontrastinthereflectivity(thecapabilityofreflectinglight)ofthesetwoterrainssuggestedtomanyearlyobserversthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions,andthisassumptionwasconfirmedbymissionstothemoonsuchasSurveyorandApollo.OneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessoftheMariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters：thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters,whilethecratersoftheMariatendtobemuchsmaller.Itisnowknownthatthevastmajorityofthemoon'scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.Mostofthenearsideofthemoonwasthoroughlymappedandstudiedfromtelescopicpicturesyearsbeforetheageofspaceexploration.Earth­basedtelescopescanrecognizeobjectsassmallasafewhundredmetersonthelunarsurface.Closeobservationofcraters,combinedwiththewaythemoondiffuselyreflectssunlight,ledtotheunderstandingthatthemooniscoveredbyasurfacelayerwithstrange,_winding_marks.Althoughvariouslandformswerediscovered,themajorityofastronomers'attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcratershaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaveround­edgedtopsthatareraisedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl­shapedinsides,anddepthsthatareaboutone­sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。5．Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A．TheaimoftheSurveyorandApollospacemissions.B．Characteristicsofthemajorterrainsofthemoon.C．Theoriginofthemoon'scraters.D．Techniquesusedtodiscoverthemoon'slandforms.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Themoon,whichhasexperienced...theTerrace(brighthighlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。6．WhyaretheSurveyorandApollomissionsmentioned?A．Toconfirmearliertheoriesaboutthemoon'ssurface.B．Torevealthatpreviousideasaboutthemoon'scraterswereunreasonable.C．Toprovidedetailedinformationaboutthemoon'ssurface.D．Toidentifyhowthemoon'scratersweremade.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thecontrastinthereflectivity...SurveyorandApollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选A。7．Theauthormentions“strange,windingmarks”inParagraph3asanexampleof________.A．anaspectofthelunarsurfacediscoveredthroughlunarmissionsB．acharacteristicoflargecratersC．adiscoverymadethroughtheuseofearth­basedtelescopesD．featuresthatastronomersobservedtobecommontotheearthandthemoon解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earth­basedtelescopescanrecognize...windingmarks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。8．Thelastparagraphprobablycontinueswith______.A．somedifferenceinthewayssmallandlargecraterswereformedB．thedifferentshapessmallcraterscanhaveC．thereasonscratersaredifficulttostudyD．thedescriptionofsomefeaturesoflargecraters解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读七选五TheCassini­Huygensspaceprobe,whichreachedSaturnlastweek,hassentbackamazingphotographsoftheplanet'sfamousringsviewedinultravioletlight.__9__Thedifferentcoloursshowexactlywhattheringsare.Theredmeanstheringcontainstinypiecesofrockandtheblueandgreenislikelytobeamixtureofwaterandfrozengases.__10__That'swhyitissolightanditcouldfloatonwater—ifabigenoughoceancouldbefound!__11__Itaimstoexploretheplanetanditsringsandmoons.Itwaslaunchedin1997anditsmissionwastoexplorethe“gasgiant”planet,whichisthefurthestplanettobeseenfromtheEarthwithoutatelescope.Scientistssaythespacecraft'sfour­yeartourofSaturnmaytellthemhowtheringsareformed.__12__TheprobehassentbackpicturesofsomeofSaturn'smoons,includingPhoebeandTitan.Phoebehasastrangeshape.___13__Saturn'sbiggestmoon,Titan,isbelievedtobetheonlybodyinthesolarsystemotherthantheEarthwithliquidonthesurface.TheimagesofPhoebeandTitanlookstrangelylikephotosoftheEarthandourownmoon,takendecadesagobytheearliestspacemissions.A．Saturnitselfismadeofgases.B．Thepicturesarehardtotakeinspace.C．Theprobeisaninternationalspaceproject.D．Theywilldiscovermoresecretsaboutthespacecraft.E．Thepicturesshowtheminshadesofblue,greenandred.F．Itwillalsostudytheplanet'satmosphereandmagneticfield.G．Unlikeotherplanetsandtheirmoons,itisnotperfectlyround.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Cassini­Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。9．选E根据上文可知探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中Thepictures对应上文中photographs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示它们”符合语境。10．选A根据上文可知，照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说那就是它这么轻的原因，由此可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境。11．选C根据下文可知，主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，下文中It指代C选项中Theprobe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境。12．选F根据上文可知，航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中thespacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境。13．选G根据上文可知，菲比形状很奇怪，本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空A54­year­olddentist,Goodmanpurchasedhisfirst__14__andjoinedtheHowardAstronomicalLeague(HAL)．“Therearen'ttoomanybigastronomy__15__，”saidMarcFeuerberg,whoisPresidentofHAL.“Ifyouareintoastronomyatall,youkindofenduphere.”HALwhichhasabout120members__16__“starparties”severaltimesamonth.Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools,withthe__17__ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky__18__.Astronomyingeneralissortoflikehamradio.Itwas__19__justafterWorldWarⅡ，__20__nowitis“kindofgraying”，saidChasRimpo,theclub'seventsorganizer.Membersofferseveralreasonsforthe__21__：kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputersthan__22__；peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto__23__.Buttheysaythere'snothinglikebeingoutdoors,lookingattheskyandconsideringEarth'stinyplaceinthe__24__.HALmembersaredoingwhattheycantomakeanimpressiononanewgenerationof__25__astronomylovers.Plansareunderwayto__26__theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark,saidRimpo.AlphaRidgeParkwaschosenasthesitebecauseitis__27__locatednearInterstate70,butmostlybecauseithaslittlelightpollution,saidGoodman.“Itmightbeafewyearsbeforetheobservatoryisactuallyinplace，”Goodmansaid,“butonceitis__28__，itwillberunbyHALmembersandbeopentothepublic.AnditwillgiveHALaplaceofitsown.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。14．A.radio B．telescopeC．machine D．computer解析：选B根据后文HowardAstronomicalLeague可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。15．A.schools B．clubsC．companies D．centers解析：选B根据上文HowardAstronomicalLeague可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。16．A.takes B．holdsC．builds D．opens解析：选B根据后文“starparties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools”也有提示。故选B。17．A.opinion B．suggestionC．goal D．agreement解析：选C根据后文“ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。18．A.watchers B．astronautsC．visitors D．astronomers解析：选A根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。19．A.successful B．popularC．important D．secure解析：选B根据后文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。20．A.and B．soC．but D．though解析：选C根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。21．A.shortcomings B．disadvantagesC．failure D．decline解析：选D根据上文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。22．A.watchout B．goawayC．goout D．giveaway解析：选C根据上文“kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputers”可知，如今的孩子喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。23．A.operate B．purchaseC．adjust D．calculate解析：选A根据上文peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。24．A.sky B．universeC．earth D．world解析：选B根据上文consideringEarth'stinyplaceinthe可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。25．A.skillful B．excellentC．potential D．patient解析：选C根据上文anewgenerationof可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。26．A.pick B．insertC．fit D．place解析：选C根据后文“theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。27．A.totally B．convenientlyC．partly D．conventionally解析：选B根据后文“locatednearInterstate70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。28．A.chosen B．designedC．completed D．found解析：选C根据上文“Itmightbeafewyearsbeforetheobservatoryisactuallyinplace”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。Ⅳ.语法填空The500­metreApertureSphericalRadioTelescope,alsoknownasChina'sTianyanor“SkyEye”，has__1__(official)openedtoglobalscientistssinceMarch,2021.Asweknow,radiotelescopes__2__(design)to“listen”or“receive”signalsemittedfromtheuniverse.Withspecializedantennas(天线)andradioreceivers,thesetelescopescandetectradiowavesfromstars,galaxiesandblackholes.Thedatacollectedinturnhelpscientists__3__(good)exploretheuniverse.Itwillalsobeusedoccasionallytosearchforalienlife.Thegiantradiotelescopewillalsohelpfindmorepulsars(脉冲星),whichsendoutsteadysignalsandwavesinaregularrhythm.Scientistsusepulsars__4__(study)theextremestatesofmatter,measurecosmic(宇宙的)distancesandtracktimeinanultra­precise(超精密)way.Sofar,it__5__(discover)morethan240pulsars.__6__(locate)insouthwestChina'sGuizhouProvince，__7__largestsingle­dishradiotelescopeoftheworldwascompletedin2016.Itwasputtouse__8__January11,2020.FASTisnowtheonly“SkyEye”__9__humanscanusetoobservecosmicwaves.Ithasimmensepotentialtodetectfastradioburstsandgravitationalwaves,__10__(provide)datasupportforresearchintothephysicalprocessoftheBigBang,accordingtoexpertsattheNAO.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“天眼”望远镜已经投入使用和其工作原理，它为研究大爆炸的物理过程提供了数据支持。1．officially考查副词。使用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。2．aredesigned考查时态和语态。该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语radiotelescopes(复数意义)和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。3．better考查比较级。科学家这样做的目的是为了研究宇宙，那么通过收集到的数据会