人教新目标八年级英语下册全册短语、语法知识点汇总

人教新目标八年级英语下册Unit1What'sthematter？一、必背短语SectionA部分1.患感冒haveacold2.胃痛haveastomachache3.喉咙痛haveasorethroat4.背痛haveasoreback5.躺下休息liedownandrest6.量体温takeone’stemperature7.说得太多talktoomuch8.休息takebreaks/abreak9.下车getoff10.拍X光片getanX-ray11.看见某人正在做..seesb.doing12.反复考虑thinktwice13.期待某人去做某事expectsb.todo14.使…惊讶的toone’ssurprise15.同意做某事agreetodosth.16.及时intime17.多亏，由于thanksto18.陷入困境；惹麻烦getintotroubleSectionB部分1.休息几天restforafewdays2.把…放下；低下put…down3.告诉某人做某事tellsb.todo4.告诉某人不要去做tellsb.nottodo5.做某事有问题/麻烦/困难haveproblems/trouble/difficulty(in)doingsth6.对…感兴趣beinterestedin7.习惯于做某事beusedtodoingsth8.过去常常做某事usedtodosth9.冒险takerisks/arisk10.由于/因为+n./pron.becauseof11.处于险境inadangeroussituation12.处于困境inadifficultsituation13.用尽，耗光runout(of)14.准备/乐于做某事bereadytodo15.切除cutoff16.如此…以至于…so…that…17.以便于；为了sothat/inorderthat18.离开；从..出来getoutof19.做决定makedecisions/adecision20.掌控，管理beincontrolof21….的重要性theimportanceof…22.放弃giveup23.用绷带包扎putabandageon…24.继续做某事keepondoing25.似乎/好像做某事seemtodo【教材内容解析】SectionAWhat’sthematter?(P.1)What’sthematter意为“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的事，后接withsb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了”。可以表示“你怎么了？”的句子有：(1)._____________________________________________(2)._____________________________________________(3)._____________________________________________(4)._____________________________________________(5)._____________________________________________(6)._____________________________________________Ihaveastomachache.(P.1)stomachache用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache的常见复合词还有：头痛______________；牙痛_________________；耳痛________________haveasorethroat(P.1)sore是形容词，意为“疼痛的，酸痛的”可作定语或表语。常见短语：喉咙痛：_______________________后背痛：_______________________liedownandrest.(P.2)(1).liedown意为“躺下”。【拓展1】lie用作动词可以表示“躺”或者“位于”，还可以表示“撒谎”。Sheislyinginbedwithabadcold.英译汉_________________________________BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.英译汉__________________________________Itisabadhabittolie.英译汉___________________________________________【拓展2】lie及lay一词多义原形过去式过去分词现在分词lie（躺、位于）laylainlyinglie（撒谎）liedliedlyinglay（放置、下蛋）laid（laidlaying记忆口诀：规则撒谎，不规则躺；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。(2).rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”，常用的短语为“休息”：_______________________.例句：Let’sstopworkingandhavearest.Maybeyouhaveafever...(P.2)maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与maybe相互转换。Maybeheisaforeigner.=Hemaybeaforeigner.Youneedtotakebreaksawayfromthecomputer.(P.2)need作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式（todo）作宾语。Youneedn’tgotothemeetingtooearly.判断划线词性（）A.情态动词；B.实义动词Weneedthreemoreworkers.判断划线词性（）A.情态动词；B.实义动词Hedoesn’tneedtoworrytoomuch.判断划线词性（）A.情态动词；B.实义动词Yeah,IthinkIsatinthesamewayfortoolongwithoutmoving.(P.without用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。Theyleft___________(with)sayinggoodbye.（用所给词的正确形式填空）

Wecan’tlive__________(with)airandwater.（用所给词的正确形式填空）Ifyourheadandneckstillhurttomorrow,thengotoadoctor.(P.2)本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，可遵循三条原则：(1).主将从现：即主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。(2).主祈从现：即主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时态。(3).主情从现：即主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时态。翻译句子：如果明天下雨，我将不会去公园。__________________________________________________翻译句子：如果明天不下雨，我们会去野餐。__________________________________________________翻译句子：如果你不擅长英语，你可以向老师寻求帮助。__________________________________________________...whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.(P.3)(1).seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。翻译：Isawherdancingintheparkatsixyesterday.(2).seesbdosth看到某人做了或经常做某事。翻译：Ioftenseeherdanceinthepark.Thebusdriver...stoppedthebuswithoutthinkingtwice.(P.3)(1).thinktwice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。翻译：Youshouldthinktwicebeforeyoumakethefinaldecision.【拓展】think的相关短语thinkabout思考、考虑 ；thinkof想起、认为；thinkover仔细考虑Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.(P.3)(1).getoff意为“下车”，反义词是geton“上车”。翻译：Beforegettingoffthebus,youshouldtakecare.(2).happen表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：sth.happenstosb.“某人发生了某事”。翻译：Anaccidenthappenedtohimyesterdayandnowheliesinhospital.Mr.Wangknewhehadtoactquickly.(P.3)haveto表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。翻译：Wehavetowalkhomebecausethecarhasbrokendown.翻译：Wemuststudyhard.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.(P.3)expect的常见用法：=1\*GB3①expecttodosth.期待做某事翻译：Thefansareexpectingtoseethefootballstar.=2\*GB3②expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事翻译：Themanexpectshissontopasstheexamsuccessfully.(2)wait的常见用法：=1\*GB3①waitforsb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”翻译：Wearewaitingfortheresultoftheexam.=2\*GB3②waittodosth.“等待做某事”翻译：Allthepassengersarewaitingtogetonthebus.=3\*GB3③can’twaittodosth.“迫不及待做某事”翻译：Thechildrencan’twaittorushoutaftertheclassisover.14.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.(P.3)=1\*GB3①agreewithsb.同意某人翻译：Ican’tagreewithyoumore.=2\*GB3②agreetosth.同意某事翻译：Doyouagreetotheplan?=3\*GB3③agreeonsth.在某事上达成一致意见翻译：Theyfinallyagreedonthedesignofthebridge.=4\*GB3④agreetodosth.同意做某事翻译：Herparentsdon’tagreetomarry(嫁)theirdaughtertotheman.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,themanwassavedbythedoctorsintime.(P.3)(1).thanksto表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或代词，作原因状语，相当于becauseof。翻译：Thankstothewarmandsunnyweather,orangesgrowwellhere.(2).intime“及时”强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到。翻译：Iamjustintimefortheplane.【拓展】ontime“按时”指按计划做某事，强调不迟到，不早不晚。翻译：Pleasehandinyourhomeworkontime.“It’ssadthatmanypeopledon’twanttohelpothersbecausetheydon’twantanytrouble,”saysonepassenger.(P.3)本句是“Itis+形容词+that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。翻译：Itisimportantthatweshouldprotecttheenvironment.(2)other:意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。theother:表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；theother之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。another:表示“三者中另一个”。others:用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。theothers:特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。翻译：WestudyChinese,English,Mathandothersubjects.翻译：Therearethreepeopleintheroom.Oneisagirlandtheothertwoareboys.翻译：Youshouldthinkofothers.翻译：Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass.Thirtyofusaregirlsandtheothersareboys.BusNo.26hitanoldmanonZhonghuaRoad.26.(P.3)hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hitsb.+介词（on,in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in。翻译：Themanhitthelittleboyintheface.Theoldmanhadaheartproblemandneededtogotothehospitalrightaway.(P.3)rightaway意为“立刻、马上”，相当于atonce或者rightnow。SectionBSomeonefeltsick.(P.5)sick用作形容词，意为“生病的、有病的”，可以作定语或者表语，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表语。Ihavetolookaftermysickgrandpa.问：sick在此处作__________语。Theoldwomanisseriouslysick/ill.问：ill在此处作__________语。haveproblemsbreathing(P.6)haveproblems(in)doingsth.意为“做某事有问题/麻烦”，相当于：havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.。翻译：Shehasproblems(in)ridingabike.___________________________________________________Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.(P.6)(1).as用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。Asastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(2).辨析：usedtodosth；beusedtodosth；与be/getusedtodoingsthusedtodosth.过去常常做某事记忆口诀：usedtodo常常过；beusedtodo被用做；beusedtodoing习惯做beusedtodosth.被用来做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事翻译：Theboyusedtoplaycomputergames.______________________________________________________翻译：Moreandmorewood（木材）isusedtomakepaper.______________________________________________________翻译：HisfatherisusedtowatchingTVbeforegoingtobed.______________________________________________________(3)risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，takearisk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。Thefiremantooktheriskoflosinghislifeandsavedtheboyfromtheburningbuilding.翻译：__________________________________________________________________ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.(P.6)becauseof意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用，不过because后面跟句子。翻译：Wecan’tgooutbecauseitrainsheavily.=Wecan’tgooutbecauseoftheheavyrain.___________________________________________________________________例题：—Didyouhaveasportsmeetingyesterday?—No,wedidn’t.Itwasputoff____________theheavyrain.Insteadof B.becauseof C.asfor D.acrossfromButwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.(P.6)runout意为“用尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。翻译：Theyranoutoftheirmoney.____________________________________________(2)动词不定式短语tosavehisownlife在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。翻译：TolearnJapanese,shewenttoJapan._____________________________________翻译：Youshouldworkhardtogetgoodgrades._________________________________Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.(P.6)=1\*GB3①be/getreadyforsth.“为……做准备”Thestudentsarereviewing(复习)lessonstogetreadyforthecomingfinalexams.翻译：__________________________________________________________________=2\*GB3②be/getreadytodosth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事”Thekindgirlisreadytohelpanyoneintrouble.翻译：_________________________________________________________________7.Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.(P.6)(1)sothat引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与inorderthat互换，从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”，如can,could,may,might,will,would等。翻译：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.________________________________________________________________翻译：Hestudieshardsothathecouldfindagoodjobinthefuture.________________________________________________________________翻译：Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.________________________________________________________________(2)toomuch用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，muchtoo用来修饰形容词或者副词。翻译：Thereistoomuchpollutiontoday.________________________________________________________________翻译：Thedoctoraskedhimtoloseweightbecausehewasmuchtoofat.________________________________________________________________Afterlosinghisarm,hewroteabookcalledBetweenaRockandaHardPlace.(P.6)called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。翻译：Thisisabooknamed/calledJourneytotheWest._____________________________________________________________翻译：TheGreenshaveadaughternamed/calledKate.____________________________________________________________Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.(P.6)seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj./tobe/that+句子。翻译：Thestoryseemstrue.___________________________________________翻译：Whathesaidseemedtobealie.____________________________________________________________翻译：Itseemsthattheyaregoingtoworkallweekend._____________________________________________________________Inthisbook,Arontellsoftheimportanceofmakinggooddecisions,andofbeingincontrolofone’slife.(P.6)makeadecision或者makedecisions表示“做出决定”。翻译：他们期待你来做出决定。________________________________________________________incontrolof意为“控制、管理”。翻译：Whoisincontroloftheproject(项目)?________________________________________________________(3).theimportanceofsth/doingsth.（做）某事的重要性翻译：Moststudentsdon’tknowtheimportanceofstudyinghard.________________________________________________________Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.(P.6)(1)在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。翻译：Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.________________________________________________________翻译：Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.________________________________________________________翻译：Grandmotherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.________________________________________________________(2).keepondoingsth.意为“继续做某事”，强调继续或者重复做某事。例句：Youshouldn’tkeeponthinkingaboutit.Aronlovesmountainclimbinganddoesn’tmindtakingrisks.(P.7)=1\*GB3①minddoingsth.介意做某事翻译：Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowplease?________________________________________________________=2\*GB3②mindsb’s/sbdoingsth.介意某人做某事翻译：Doyoumindmy/mecallingyouatnight?________________________________________________________Arondidnotgiveupaftertheaccidentandkeepsonclimbingmountainstoday.(P.7)giveup表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。翻译：Don'tgiveupyourdreameasily.____________________________________________翻译：Hehasgivenupplayingcomputergames.____________________________________________【语法讲解】should和shouldn't表示建议Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。翻译：你应该喝加有蜂蜜的热水。_______________________________________翻译：Heshouldputhisheadback_______________________________________翻译：你不应该看电视。________________________________________________Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。翻译：我应当给它敷上药吗？___________________________________________翻译：我们应该告诉她这件事吗？________________________________________【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：Wouldyoulike(todo)sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？翻译：你想要和我一起打篮球吗？________________________________________ShallI/wedosth?我／我们做„„好吗？翻译：明天我们去动物园，好吗？________________________________________Whynotdosth?为什么不呢？翻译：为什么不给她量下体温呢？________________________________________How/Whataboutdoingsth?做某事怎么样？翻译：去游泳怎么样？_________________________________________________Let’sdosth让我们做吧。翻译：咱们回家吧。___________________________________________________You’dbetter(not)dosth你最好（不）要做某事。翻译：你最好不要独自去那儿。_________________________________________反身代词1．反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。(1).Wemustlookafterourselvesandkeepfit．我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。(2).Sheoftenbuysherselfniceclothes．她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。(3).Don’tthinktoomuchofyourself!别过多地为自己考虑!2．反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如：(1).Idon’tneedanyhelp．Icandoitmyself．我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的同位语)这句话不可表示成Idon’tneedanyhelp，myselfcandoit．(2).Ifyouwanttoknowmore，youmayaskMissWhiteherself．如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语)3．反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如：(1).Thelittleboyinthephotowashimself．照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。反身代词构成的固定表达：★byoneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone；enjoyoneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于havefun或haveagoodtime；helponeselfto…意为“随便吃或喝点……，随便用……"；keep…tooneself意为“不将某事说出去”；saytooneself意为“自言自语”。have表示“患病、遭受（病痛）”(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：What’sthematter(withsb．)?（某人）怎么了？What’swrong(withsb．)?（某人）怎么了？What’sthetrouble(withsb．)?（某人）出什么事了？Whathappened(tosb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？AreyouOK?你没事吧？Isthereanythingwrongwithsb.？某人有什么事吗？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：①某人+have/has+病症．Thetwinshavecolds．双胞胎感冒了。Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.Shehadastomachachelastnight．她昨晚肚子痛。③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位．Hehasasorethroat．他喉咙痛。④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词．Hehurthisleg.他的腿受伤了。⑤某部位+hurt(s).Myheadhurtsbadly．我头痛得厉害。⑥[拓展]某人+have/has+apain+inone’s+身体部位，Ihaveapaininmychest．我胸口痛。(Thereis)somethingwrongwithone’s+身体部位．Thereissomethingwrongwithmyrighteye.我的右眼有毛病。

人教新目标八年级英语下册Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks.一、必背短语SectionA部分1.清洁、打扫cleanup2.使振奋、高兴cheerup3.分发、散发give/handout4.过去、曾经usedto5.志愿去做某事volunteertodo6.提出，相出comeupwith7.推迟putoff8.张贴；搭建putup9.打电话callup10.照顾，照料carefor/lookafter/takecareof11.在…岁attheageof12.参与选拔；试用tryout13.同时atthesametime14.一个强烈的满足感astrongfeelingofsatisfaction15.为…而筹钱raisemoneyfor16.为…发愁beworriedaboutSectionB部分1.修理、装饰fixup2.用光，用尽runout(of)3.（外貌/行为）像…takeafter4.捐赠、赠送giveaway5.与…相似besimilarto6.建立；设立setup7.残疾人disabledpeople8.对…有影响/作用makeadifferenceto9.帮助某人摆脱困境helpsb.out10.对…感到兴奋beexcitedabout【教材内容解析】SectionAYoucouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.(P.9)(1)=1\*GB3①helpsb.withsth.帮助某人某事翻译：你能在家庭作业方面帮助我吗？_______________________________=2\*GB3②helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事翻译：他常常帮助他妈妈做家务。___________________________________cleanup意为“打扫干净”翻译：Nancy,pleasecleanupyourroom._______________________________Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.(P.9)cheerup意为“使开心,使振作、振奋”，代词用作宾语时，要当在cheer和up之间。翻译：Cheerup!EverythingwillbeOK.__________________________________Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.(P.9)giveout意为“分发、散发”，相当于handout。翻译：这有一些书。请把它们分发给同学们。______________________________________________________________Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids.(P.9)volunteer用作动词，表示“义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语，volunteertodosth.“志愿做某事”；作名词，表示“志愿者”，为可数名词。翻译：Tomvolunteeredtohelpus._______________________________________Let’smakesomenotices,too.(P.10)also,too,aswell与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。also放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。Healsowantstogo.too用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。Hewantstogo,too.aswell用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。Hewantstogoaswell.either用于否定句句末，句前不用逗号隔开。Hedoesn’twanttogoeitherWeneedtocomeupwithaplanfortheCityparkClean-UpDay.(P.10)comeupwith表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。翻译：或许他会提出一个好的主意。__________________________________________Oh,whatdidtheyaskyoutohelpoutwith?(P.10)helpout意为“帮忙分担、帮某人摆脱困境”。翻译：BillhelpedmeoutwhenIwasintrouble.__________________________________Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.(P.10)辨析：be/getusedtodoingsth.,usedtodosth.与beusedtodosth.辨析：usedtodosth；beusedtodosth；与be/getusedtodoingsthusedtodosth.过去常常做某事记忆口诀：usedtodo常常过；beusedtodo被用做；beusedtodoing习惯做beusedtodosth.被用来做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.(P.10)lonely作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”；alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。翻译：Hefeelslonelyathomehimself.________________________________________翻译：Hisgrandfatherwasalone.______________________________；alone是______词。翻译：Mr.Smithlivesalone._________________________________；alone是_______词。Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem.(P.10)carefor意为“照顾、照料”，后接名词或者代词作宾语，相当于lookafter或者takecareof。翻译：她每天放学后照顾她的弟弟。_______________________________________________________________11.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners’faces.(P.11)such用作形容词，表示“这样、如此”，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。翻译：It’ssuchaniceday.____________________________________________________翻译：Ihopetohavesuchdeliciousfoodeveryday.____________________________________________________________________Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.(P.11)attheageof表示“在……岁时”，表示年龄。翻译：Hestartedschoolattheageofsix.__________________________________________Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.(P.11)tryoutfor意为“参加……选拔、争取成为……”。翻译：Manyboystriedoutforthefootballteam.____________________________________IcandowhatIlovetodoandhelpothersatthesametime.(P.12)atthesametime意为“同时”。翻译：你不能同时写作业和看电视。__________________________________________Ourclassistryingto...(P.12)=1\*GB3①trytodosth.“尽力做某事”翻译：医生尽力挽救（save）生病的女孩。____________________________________=2\*GB3②trydoingsth.“尝试做某事”翻译：男孩尝试弹钢琴。____________________________________________________SectionBItakeaftermymother.(P.13)takeafter意为“长得像”。翻译：Mary长得像她爸爸.____________________________________________Ifixeditup.(P.13)fixup意为“修理”，代词作宾语时，放在fix和up中间。翻译：Mycomputerdoesn’twork.Canyoufixitupforme?__________________________________________________________________Igaveitaway.(P.13)giveaway意为“捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。翻译：我的妹妹把她的衣服捐赠给了穷孩子们。__________________________________________________________________I’msimilartoher.(P.13)besimilarto意为“与……相似”，besimilarin“在……方面类似”。翻译：Herideasaresimilartomine.________________________________________翻译：Thetwinsaresimilarinappearances.__________________________________Ididn’tkeepit.(P.13)=1\*GB3①keepsth.保留某物翻译：Youcankeepthebookuntilthenextweekend.___________________________=2\*GB3②keepdoingsth.一直做某事翻译：Thethiefstillkeptstealingthingsafterhewentoutoftheprison（监狱）.__________________________________________________________________=3\*GB3③keep+adj.保持……翻译：Thegirleatsalittletokeepslim（苗条的）.____________________________=4\*GB3④keepsb./sth.+adj./介词短语保持某人/某物……翻译：Weshouldkeepthewindowopenwhileweareasleep.__________________________________________________________________=5\*GB3⑤keepsb.doingsth.保持某人做某事翻译：Themotherkeptthebabycryingonthebed.___________________________________________________________________WhowrotethelettertoMissLi?(P.14)writealettertosb.=writesb.aletter=writetosb.“给某人写信”翻译：她正在给她父母写信。_________________________________________________YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.(P.14)有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾语补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有find，think，feel，make等。翻译：Ifinditinterestingtoplaycomputergames__________________________________________________________________翻译：Weallthinkitverydifficulttofinishtheworkinanhour.__________________________________________________________________Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.(P.14)makeadifferenceto意为“对…有影响、对…起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。翻译：Changingschoolsmadeadifferencetomylife.___________________________________________________________翻译：Therainmadenodifferencetothegame.___________________________________________________________Orimagineyoucan’twalkoruseyourhandseasily.(P.14)imagine表示“想象”时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。翻译：Youcan’timaginehowfasttheplayerran.___________________________________Ican’tusemyarmsorlegswell,sonormalthingslikeansweringthetelephone,openingandclosingdoors,orcarryingthingsaredifficultforme.(P.14)bring表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。翻译：Thestudentsbroughttheirhomeworktoschoolinthemorningandtakethemhomeafterschool._______________________________________________________________________ShetalkedtoAnimalHelpersaboutgettingmeaspecialtraineddog.(P.14)train用作及物动词，表示“训练、培训”，trainsb./sth.todosth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。翻译：Theytrainthedogstoopenthedoor._________________________________________AftersixmonthsoftrainingwithadogatAnimalHelpers,Iwasabletobringhimhome.(P.14)beableto意为“能，会”，表示能力，与can同义。Inthefuture,studentswillbeabletostudyathomewiththehelpofcomputers.【拓展】辨析：beableto与canbeableto强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can强调自身已具有的能力。ShecansingthesonginEnglish.HewillbeabletosingthissonginEnglish,too.【语法讲解】动词不定式作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型：It+be+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.翻译：____________________________Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.翻译：_______________________________作宾语动词agree(同意)；offer(提出)；intend，plan(打算，计划)；demand，ask(要求)；promise(答应)；help(帮忙)；prepare(准备)；decide(决定)；refuse(拒绝)；dare(敢于)；choose(选择)；wish，hope，want，expect(希望，想要)；fail；（不能；忘记）；pretend(假装)；manage(设法)；determine（决心）常接动词不定式作宾语。【记忆口诀】同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。作（后置）定语常用于“have/has＋sth.＋todo”或“enough＋名＋todo”“It’stimetodosth.”等结构中。四、动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder(to)或soas(to)“为了，目的是”。常用结构有too+adj./adv.+todosth.等。五、作宾语补足语tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want/call/invitesb.todosth.结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listento,hear)，三让(let,make,have,，四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)，半帮助(help)”。六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的形式有：hadbetter(not)dosth. 最好（不）做…Wouldyouliketodosth.? 你想做…？Whynotdosth.? 为什么不做…?Wouldyouplease(not)dosth.? 请你（不）做….好吗？

人教新目标八年级英语下册Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom？一、必背短语SectionA部分1.倒垃圾takeouttherubbish2.打扫地板sweepthefloor3.叠你的衣服foldyourclothes4.整理你的床铺makeyourbed5.在外面待得晚stayoutlate6.出去吃完饭gooutfordinner7.随时，在任何时刻anyminutenow8.乱七八糟inamess9.扔下throwdown10.一直allthetime11.一…就…assoonas12.向…借borrow…from…13.把…借给lend…to…14.惊讶地insurpriseSectionB部分1.浪费时间awasteoftime2.在…上花时间spendtimeon…3.上好大学getintoagooduniversity4.为了…inorderto5.对某人来说没有必要做…Thereisnoneedforsb.todo6.做家务dochores7.为某人提供某物providesthforsb或providesb.withsth9.依赖、依靠dependon10.结果..asaresult11.学会独立learntobeindependent12.做…不够Itisnotenoughtodo.【教材内容解析】SectionAPeter,couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?(P.17)Couldyouplease...?意为“你能……吗？”，could在此并不是过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气，please后接动词原形，肯定回答用Sure/Ofcourse/Certainly，也可以用...can，不可以用...could；否定回答用Sorry...并给出理由，也可用...can’t/mustn’t。Couldyoupleasehelpmewithmyhomework?--Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Sorry,Ican’t.I’mbusynow.takeout意为“带出去”，代词作宾语时，要放在take和out之间。Thedogisnoisy.Takeitout.CouldIatleastfinishwatchingthisshow?(P.18)atleast表示“至少”，反义词为atmost“至多”。Theticketcostatleast200yuan.finish意为“完成、做好”，后接动词作宾语时，要用doing的形式。Whenareyougoingtofinishyourwork?3.Yes,becauseMomwillbebackfromshoppinganyminutenow.(P.18)beback意为“回来”，相当于comeback，前者侧重指状态，后者侧重指动作。Shehasbeenbackfortwodays.Youcamebackverylatelastnight.Andshewon’tbehappyifsheseesthismess.(P.18)mess用作名词，表示“杂乱、不整洁”，常用的短语为：makeamess“搞得一团糟”；inamess“一团糟”。Thekidsmakeamessinthebedroom.Alltheroomsareinamess.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.(P.19)(1)theminute意为“一……就”，用来引导时间状语从句，相当于themoment或者assoonas。Iwanttoseehertheminutesheeover意为“过来”。Canyoucomeovertomorrow?YouwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutaroundthehouse!(P.19)allthetime意为“反复、总是”，强调某段时间内一直在进行和发生的事情。Ihaveadogandacat.Theyfightallthetime.I’mjustastiredasyouare!(P.19)当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用as…as或notas/so…as结构，表示“和……一样”或“和……不一样”。如：MaryisascarefulasLinda．玛丽和琳达一样仔细。HedoesnotrunasfastasTom．他跑步没有汤姆快。Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.(P.19)neitherdidI是“Neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前者所描述的否定情况同样适用于后者，neither在此用作副词，表示“也不”。Idon’tlikethisdress.NeitherdoI.MymomcameoverassoonasIsatdowninfrontoftheTV.(P.19)assoonas引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，要遵从“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。Iwillgoassoonasshearrives.CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?(P.20)hangout意为“闲逛、闲荡”。Heishangingoutwithhisfriends.Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?(P.20)passsb.sth.相当于passsth.tosb.“把某物递给某人”。Passmethebook,please.=Passthebooktomeplease.CouldIborrowthatbook?(P.20)borrow此处是及物动词，表示“借进来”，反义词是lend，borrow...from...“从……借入……”。Ioftenborrowbooksfromthelibrary.Youcanborrowsomemoneyfromyourelderbrother.Couldyoulendmesomemoney?(P.20)lend表示“借出去”，与borrow“借进来”相对，常用的结构为：lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.“把某物借给某人”。Heoftenlendsothershiscar.=Heoftenlendhiscartoothers.I’