Unit-5-翻译技巧-词义的选择与引申省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件

UnitFiveTranslationTechniques(1)SelectionandExtension1/34Techniquesoftranslationrefertotheexperiencethatpeoplehaveaccumulatedintheirpracticeoftranslation.Theyincludelotsofskillsintranslation,suchasselectionofwordmeaning,extensionofwordmeaning,conversionofpartsofspeechesandsentencestructures,longsentencetranslation,paragraphandpassagetranslation,translationofarticlesofdifferentkindsofstyles,etc.Introductionto

thetechniquesoftranslation2/34Translationtechniques1A.SelectionofWordMeanings英语中一词多义现象比较普遍。翻译时，要在许多不一样词义中选一个最确切词义，才能使译文正确。词义选择普通从以下几个方面入手：

3/34a.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtopartsofspeeches.

Translationtechniques11.Microprocessorsmonitortyrewearandbrakepoweroncars.(v.)

2.Thepatientwasconnectedtoatelevisionwavemonitor.(n.)3.Helikesmakingchemicalexperiments.(v.)微机检测汽车轮胎耐用性和制动力。病人情况经过波形监视器监视。他喜欢做化学试验。4/344.Likechargesrepeleachother,unlikechargesattract.(adj.)5.Likethehumanbrain,acomputeralsohasamemorywhereitcanstorevastquantitiesofinformation.(prep.)6.IhopeIcanoperatethemachinelikeyoudo.(conj.)

7.Allmatterssuchasiron,water,air,andthelikearemadeupofatoms.(conj.)

8.Likeenough,theshipwillarriveinporttomorrow.(ad.)

Translationtechniques1同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。计算机像人脑一样，也有一个能储存大量信息存放器我希望能像你一样操纵机器。一切物质，比如铁、水、空气等，都是由原子组成。这艘船很可能明天进港。5/341.Thecountry’sindustryhasdevelopedquicklyinthelastdecade.

2.Todeveloptheinstrument,manyexpertswereinvited.3.Indevelopingthedesign,theengineermustapplyhisknowledgeofengineeringandmaterialscience.4.Inordertodevelopourpowerindustry,wemustproducemoreandmorepowerfulgenerators.Translationtechniques1b.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtothecontext.

过去我国工业发展迅猛。为了研制这种仪器请了很多教授。在进行设计时工程师必须利用工程学和材料学方面知识。为了发展我国电力工业，我们必须生产越来越多大功率发电机。6/345.Instrumentscapableofmeasuringmostkindsoferrorautomaticallyandmethodsoffeedingtheinformationbacktothemachines’controlshavebeendeveloped.6.Heisthelastmantocome.7.Heisthelastmantodoit.8.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.9.Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.10.Heisthelastmantoconsult.11.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.

Translationtechniques1能自动测量各种误差仪器，以及把信息反馈给机器控制机构方法已经研制出来了。他是最终来。他决不会干这种事。他最不配干这工作。怎么也不该怪他。根本不宜与他商议。我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。7/341.Powercanbetransmittedoveralongdistance.2.Chinawillnotbethefirsttousenuclearweaponsalthoughconsideredoneofthenuclearpowers.

3.16isthefourthpowerof2.(27isthethirdpowerof3.)

4.Whatisthepoweroftheengine?

Translationtechniques1c.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtospeciality.

电力能够远距离输送。尽管中国是核大国，但中国决不会首先使用核武器。16是24次方。（27是33次幂。）这台电机功率是多少？8/341.highbeam2.highbrass3.highcurrent4.highexplosive5.highgear6.highseas7.highsummer8.highsteelTranslationtechniques1d.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtocollocation.

远距离光束;远光灯优质黄铜;硬黄铜强电流烈性炸药高速档;高速齿轮公海盛夏硬钢;高碳钢9/349.Totakeoffherbootsortoputthemonwasanagonytoher,butithadbeenanagonyforyears.10.Healwayssitsontheveryedgeofhischairwhenheisworking,asthoughabouttotakeoff.

11.Everymaterialtakesupspace.

12.Theelectroniccomputersaretakingoversomeofthetasksthatwereonceaccomplishedbyourownbrains,buttheyarenotreplacingus.

Translationtechniques1脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一个痛苦，但这已是多年以来痛苦了。他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来样子。一切物质都占有空间。计算机正在接替原来由人脑进行一些工作，不过它们不能代替人。10/34

Translationtechniques1B.ExtensionofWordMeanings

在翻译中人们常会碰到一些词或短语，无法直接搬用辞典中释义。假如照搬，不但不能确切表示原意，甚至会造成误解。这时要依据上下文联络及其逻辑关系对词义加引申。词义引申常有以下几个情况:

11/341.Publicopiniondemandsthatsomethingshouldbedonetoendthestrike.

2.ThecarinfrontofmesuddenlystoppedandImissedthegreen.

Translationtechniques1一、抽象词语详细化英语中惯用代表抽象概念或属性词来表示一个详细事物，译成汉语时普通可作详细化引申。

公众舆论要求采取办法结束罢工。我前面那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。12/34在现代英语中，经常用一个表示具体形象词来表示一种属性，一个事物或一种概念。翻译这类词时，一般可将其词义作为抽象化引申，译文才能流畅、自然。1.Thereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacteroftheimperialists.

2.Everyonehasrainandsunshine(rosesandthorns)intheirlife.

Translationtechniques1二、详细词语抽象化帝国主义者性格即残暴，又狡猾。每个人生活都有甜有苦。13/343.See-sawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.Translationtechniques1在那以后四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不停地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。

14/34在翻译时，在译清原文确实切含义基础上，按译语搭配习惯，选择恰当译语词汇对原文加以引申，并能够改变原文结构和句式，译文只要忠实原文、通顺流畅即可。Translationtechniques1三、改换说法15/341.Duringthefirstpartofhislife,Lincolnwasastorekeeperandpostmaster.

2.Anetworkofhighwayswasbuiltfromcoasttocoast.

3.Hefoundthatthemercurycolumnmeasuredthepredictedheight.

4.Jetsareanewdevelopmentinaviation.

5.Theshortestdistancebetweenrawmaterialandafinishedpartiscasting.

Translationtechniques1林肯早年当过店主和邮政局长。横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网。他发觉水银柱到达了预期高度。喷气式飞机是航空事业上一个新成就。死译：原材料与成品之间最短距离是铸造。引申译：铸造是原材料加工成成品最简便方法。16/346.Thealternatingcurrentdoesnotknowsuchadisadvantageasthedirectcurrentdoes.

7.Ifironiskeptmoist,rustingisrapid,whichmightleadustothinkthatwaterwastheinfluencecausingthecorrosion.

Translationtechniques1死译：交流电不知道直流电这种缺点。引申：交流电不存在直流电这种缺点。死译：假如保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们认为水是引起腐独影响。引申：假如保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们认为水是引起腐独原因。17/348.Acreativepersonwillalmostneverfollowasetpatternindevelopinganidea.Todosowouldtendtostructurehisthinkingandmightlimitthecreationofpossiblesolutions.Translationtechniques1死译：一个有创造性人在形成一个想法时，决不会按照一个固定不变方式行事。这么就会结构他思想，限制创造出可能处理方案。引申：一个有创造性人在形成一个想法时，决不会按照一个固定不变方式行事。这么就会束缚他思想，妨碍他找出各种处理方案。18/34在将英语译成汉语过程中，我们必须忠实于原文思想内容。作者立场观点、语气、语气在语言上都会有所表示，在译成汉语时我们必须做出适当传达。对于原文中本身就含有褒贬意义，我们就应该把褒贬意义表示出来，而对于那些本身似为中性词汇，我们必须依据上下文判断其褒贬而做出适应表示。

Translationtechniques1四、词义褒贬19/341.Johnwasanaggressivesalesmanwhodidhisjobquitewell.

2.Hitlerpursuedanaggressivepolicyafterheseizedpower.

3.Hanswastooobviouslyflatteringthegentlemanbysayinghewasthemostcourageousmanhehadeverseen.4.Mr.Brownfeltgreatlyflatteredwhenhereceivedtheinvitationtodeliveralecture.Translationtechniques1约翰是个主动肯干推销员，他工作干得很出众。（褒义）希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略政策。（贬义）汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过最有胆识人。这种阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。（贬义）布朗先生接到作演讲邀请时感到非常荣幸。（褒义）20/345.Itmusthavebeenthisobviousaimlessnessthatledtomydownfall.6.Ithusappearedtothemtobequitefamiliarwiththissortofsituation,anditconfirmedthemintheirbeliefthatIwasathoroughlydisreputablecharacter.7.Iamahighlysuccessfulstudentwithabrilliantacademicrecord.

8.HewasKerryRudman,33,andnostrangertotrouble.Translationtechniques1现在看来，一定是这种显著毫无目标游逛使我倒了霉。（贬义）这么一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套了，也使他们愈加确信我是一个地地道道坏蛋。（贬义）我是一个学业出众高材生。（褒义）他叫克里.拉德曼，33岁，惹事生非已不是一次了。（贬义）21/349.Pauladidn’tneedanylessonswhenitcomestoofficepolitics.10.Hewasamanofhighrenown(fame).

11.Hisnotorietyasarakedidnotcomeuntilhisdeath.

12.Wewereshockedbyhiscoarsemanners.

Translationtechniques1说到办公室里明争暗斗那一套，波拉可算是无师自通。（贬义）他是位有名望人。（褒义）他作为流氓恶名是他死后才传开来。（贬义）我们对他粗暴态度感到震惊。（贬义）22/34assignmentPutthefollowingintoChinese:1.regularreadingregularflightsregularjobregularvisitorregularspeedregulargasolineregularverbregulararmy23/34assignment2.a.Thedaysarepastwhenweusedforeignoil.b.TherewasnoquestionthatBenzhadarespectablepast.

c.ThewarmJapaneseCurrentflowspastthecoast.d.Tomwalkedpastwithoutnoticingher.3.a.Hecutshisfingeronthebrokenglass.b.Abrookcutsthatfield.c.Thecoldwindcutsmetothebone.

4.a.InancienttimesChinamadegreatdiscoveries.b.TherearetimeswhenIdidn’tknowwhattodo.24/34assignment5.a.Tomofferedtotreatustodinner.b.Iwastreatedlikeamemberofthefamily.c.Thisismytreat.I’llpay.d.Thebosstreatstheworkerslikedirt.e.Herson’svisitsareagreattreatforher.

6.Theinventionofmachineryhadbroughtintotheworldanewera----theIndustrialAge.MoneyhadbecomeKing.7.Theleaderspokeinpraiseofthosewhohaddiedfortheircountries.

25/34assignment8.Parentsarealwaysambitiousfortheirchildren.9.AtthattimenoonewatchedoutforHitler’sambition.10.Theburningquestionsofmychildhoodhadbeenrichlyanswered.26/3427/34DiscussionofassignmentPutthefollowingintoChinese:1.regularreadingregularflights

普通阅读定时航班

regularjobregularvisitor

固定工作常客

regularspeedregulargasoline

均速;正常速度普通汽油

regularverbregulararmy

规则动词正规军

28/34Discussionofassignment2.Thedaysarepastwhenweusedforeignoil.

使用洋油日子已经一去不复返了。

TherewasnoquestionthatBenzhadarespectablepast.

毫无疑问奔弛有着辉煌过去。

ThewarmJapaneseCurrentflowspastthecoast.

日本暖流流过海岸。

Tomwalkedpastwithoutnoticingher.

汤姆走过去，

没有注意到他。29/34Discussionofassignment3.Hecutshisfingeronthebrokenglass.

碎玻璃划破了他手指。

Abrookcutsthatfield.

一条小溪流过田野。

Thecoldwindcutsmetothebone.

寒风刺骨。4.InancienttimesChina