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checkhomework“Won’tquituntilwedrivethemintothesea—ha,ha,ha!”CommissionerLiburstintoheartylaughter.Alltheplaysoroperasstagedaboutkingsandprinces,generalsandminister,scholarsandbeautiesarenotharmful.Wemustmakeaconcreteanalysisofthem.Theinvaders,whowererapaciousandruthless,pursuedthepolicyof“burnall,illall,lootall”,wherevertheywent.1/42Review1.ThreegroupsofwordsaccordingtotheequivalenceofwordsbetweenEnglishandChinese,thereasonsofthedifferencesandwaystosolvethetranslationproblems.2.Fourkindsofwordsaccordingtothedifferencesofwords.3.ThefinerdistinctionsofappellationsinChinesethaninEnglish,reasonstocausethedifferences.2/42LectureFourCulturalDifferencesinEverydayConversation3/42OutlineI.CulturalDifferencesofGreetingsandFarewellsinChineseandEnglishII.CulturalDifferencesonWaysofAddressinEnglishandChinese

III.CulturalDifferencesonComplimentsandResponsesIV.AnalysisontheDifferencesV.MiscellaneousSocialAmenities4/42GreetingsinChinese1.Intheoldancient:2.Intheancient:无它乎?无恙乎?吃了吗?5/42More..3.Inmodernsociety:

你好！上哪去啊？吃了吗？见什么问什么(上街啊,下班了?)6/42GreetingsinEnglish

Howareyou?Howdoyoudo?Howiseverythinggoingon?Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!

Howareyoudoing?Hello!Hi7/42FarewellsinChinese再见！好走！慢走！一路顺风！旅途愉快！请留步!8/42FarewellsinEnglish

Good-bye!Bye-bye!Happyjourney!Happylanding!9/42MoreonEnglishFarewells

Haveaniceday.Enjoyyourweekend.Seeyouaround.Solong.Itwasnicemeetingyou.Haveaniceevening/day/week,etc..10/42AndMore..Informal:Goodtalkingtoyou.Yeah,Ihopetoseeyouaround.Takecare.Seeyoulater.Formal:Itwasverynicetalkingtoyou.Ihopewe’llmeetagainsoon.Idotoo.Thatwouldbenice.11/42II.WaysofAddress

2.1AddressingFamilyMembersInChinese:父,母,二哥，三姐，四婶InEnglish:AuntMary,UncleJimthegivenname,notthefamilynameisused.12/42More2.2AddressingTeachersinSchoolsInChinese:姓+老师,姓+教授InEnglish:callprofessorsbytheirfirstnames,notasignofdisrespect,quitecountertoChinesecustom.2.3SocialAddressingTermsChineseway:theuseofaperson’stitle,office,oroccupation:黄局长，林经理，马校长InEnglish:onlyafewoccupationsortitleswouldbeused:Doctor___,Judge___,Governor___,Mayor___.13/42And…2.4AddressingMilitaryOfficersInChinese:usecommandorduties:陈司令，王团长，刘排长InEnglish:usetherankoftheperson:CaptainJohnson,LieutenantBarber2.5AddressingNon-relativesInChinese:Exceptparents,almostallthekinshiptermscanbeused.InEnglish:Onlyafewkinshiptermscanbeusedtoaddressnon-relatives,suchas:Father,Mother,Uncle,Aunt,Brother,Sister,andtheyareonlyusedforsomecertainpeople.14/42Examples“Father”isusedtoaddressrectors（“Father”orFather+surname）“Mother”isusedfortheheadofnun（“Mother”orMother+surname)“Aunt”and“Uncle”areusedtoaddressthegoodfriendsofparents(“Aunt+name”or“Uncle+name”suchas“AuntMary”and“UncleJohn”“Brother”isusedtoaddressmonks“Sister

”isusedtoaddressnuns(“Brother+Christianname”or“Sister+Christianname”)15/42Doyouknow?EyeContactandHandshakinginIntroductionsDirecteyecontactandfirmhandshakesduringintroductionarecustomaryintheUnitedStates.Inintroductionsaswellasingeneralconversations,speakersmaintainfrequenteyecontact.Mostpeoplebecomenervousiffrequenteyecontactturnsintostaring.Whenshakinghands,peopleshakefirmlyandbriefly.Theexpression,“Heshakeshandslikeadeadfish”referstoalimphandshake,asignintheAmericancultureofaweakcharacter.Prolongedhandshakeisnotusual.16/42“SmallTalk”AfterIntroductionsImmediatelyafterintroductionsaremade,thereisusuallyaperiodoftimeinwhichimpersonalortrivialsubjectsarediscussed.Thistypeofconversation,called“smalltalk,”isimportantbecauseitoftenhelpstomaintainconversationsanditcanleadintointerestingdiscussions.Usuallyspeakersinitiatesmalltalkwithsuchquestionsas:17/42Howtocomplimentthem?18/42And…19/42Whataretheexpectedresponses?哪里哪里!过奖。真吗？你也不错啊！20/42III.ComplimentandResponses3.1Compliment3.1.1PreferenceChinese:liketobecomplimentedontheirinbornabilitiesorappearance.English:liketobecomplimentedontheirowndiligenceorotherafterbornqualities.21/423.1.2GendersChinese:itisconsideredimpoliteformaletocomplimentfemale’sappearanceontheface,especiallysomebody’swife.English:somecomplimentwouldbeconsideredperfectlynaturalandevenhighlyappreciated.22/423.1.3Whomtobecomplimented?InChinese:weoftencomplimentothersinsteadofmembersofone’sownfamilyinfrontofothers.InEnglish:itisquitenaturaltocomplimenttheirownfamilymembers.23/42More3.1.4LengthofcomplimentInChinese:peopletendtogivealengthyanddetailedcomplimenttoshowtheirhonestyandrealappreciation.InEnglish:thecomplimenttendstobeshorterandmoregeneral.

24/423.2ResponsesofComplimentChinese:wetendtorefusethecomplimentorpaybackit.English:theytendtoacceptthecompliment.25/423.3FactorstoInfluenceComplimentandResponsesCulturaldifferences,gender,age,educationalbackground,etc.26/42IV.AnalysisontheDifferencesPolitenessPrinciples(Leech)TactMaxim,GenerosityMaxim,ApprobationMaxim,ModestyMaxim,AgreementMaxim,SympathyMaxim.顾曰国:贬已尊人,称呼准则,文雅准则,求同准则EnglishputAgreementMaximfirst,whileChineseputModestyMaximfirst.27/42InadditionSometimes,ifChinesedon’tunderstandtheintentionsofthecomplimentgivenbyEnglishpeople,misunderstandingmightbecaused.ApurecomplimentbyEnglishmightbetranslatedintoanasking.28/42V.MiscellaneousSocialAmenitiesInChinese:谢谢,对不起,请…不用谢,这是我应该做,劳驾,请让一让,辛劳了.InEnglish:thanks,excuseme,sorry,please…,youarewelcome,Iamgladtobehelpful.Thereisnoequivalentthatcanfitallsituations.Itcanmean"thanks"inEnglish.SoweshouldputitintoEnglishas:thankyou,thanks,thanksalot,Iamsothankfultowhatyouhavedoneforme,Iloveyou(forlover)29/42ChineseZodiac十二生肖英文译法英语中，当谈个人出生属相时，表示为“Whatanimalsignwereyoubornunder?你属什么？IwasbornintheyearoftheRat./MineistheRat.我属鼠。”Ratcharm,子鼠Oxpatient,丑牛Tigersensitive,寅虎Rabbitarticulate,卯兔30/42Dragonhealthy,辰龙Snakedeep,巳蛇Horsepopular,午马Goatelegant,未羊Monkeyclever,申猴Roosterdeepthinkers,酉鸡Dogloyalty,戌狗Pigchivalrous.亥猪31/42IwasbornintheYearoftheRooster.Inevereatchicken.TheYearoftheRoosterwillbringmegoodluckorbadluck.Chinesepeopletraditionallyuse12animals,representingthe12EarthlyBranches,tosymbolizetheyearinwhichapersonisborn.32/42SpringFestival1993,forexample,isthefirstdayoftheYearoftheRooster.Peopleborninthisyearhavetheroosterastheirlifesymbol.Allotheryearsoftherooster,accordingtoanoldChinesesaying,becomeeithergood-or-bad-luckyearforthem.33/42exercises1.Thedistancezonerangingform4inchestoabout8feet

isreferredtoasthe_______zone.A.public

B.intimate

C.socio-consultative

D.casual-personal34/422.

Raisingone’sopenhandwithpalmdowntoone’sthroatmeans“_______”inEnglishculture.A.Shameonyou

B.I’mfull

C.Killyourself

D.You’reshorterthanI35/423.

Inproxemicsscholarsareparticularlyinterestedinthe________betweeninterlocutorsininterpersonalcommunication.A.relativerights

B.relationship

C.distance

D.relativeobligation36/424.

Thebrandname_____isneutralorpositiveinmeaninginChineseculturebutpejorativeinEnglishculture?A.青岛啤酒

B.白象牌电池

C.泸洲老窖

D.菊花风扇3