2022年-考研英语二真题及答案解析

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

©Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.②Todayis

nodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain_1that

technologyisreplacinghumanworkers.③Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworld

willbedefinedby2:④Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,and

themasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.

①Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbe

awastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobsto

givetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.②6,

today?sunemployeddon,tseemtobehavingagreattime.(3)0neGalluppollfound

that20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthaving

depression,doubletheratefor7Americans.④Also,someresearchsuggests

thatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,and

addiction9poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.

©Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.

①Butitdoesn,t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithout

workwouldbefilledwithunease.②Suchvisionsarebasedonthe_12ofbeing

unemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.③Inthe13ofwork,

asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcouldMstrikinglydifferent

circumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.©Today,the15ofwork

maybeabitoverblown.⑤“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawaste

ofhumanpotential,vsaysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityof

IrelandinGalway.

©Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,

peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17of

theirjobs.②^WhenIcomehomefromahardday,swork,Ioftenfeel18J

Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon,thavetowork,Imightfeelrather

different”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassion

projectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.

1.LA]boastingLBJdenyingLC]warningLD]ensuring

2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty

3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction

4.[A]characterizec[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured

5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom

6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless

7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated

8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute

9.[A]underBlbeyond[C]alongside[D]among

10.[A]leavebehindBlmakeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside

rBu

11.[A]statisticallyLoccasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically

rBu

12.[A]chancesLdownsides[C]benefits[D]principles

rBu

13.[A]absenceLheight[C]face[D]course

rBn

14.[A]disturbLJrestore[C]exclude[D]yield

rBT

15.[A]modelLJpractice[C]virtue[D]hardship

rBu

16.[A]trickyLlengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce

rBu

17.[A]demandsLstandards[C]qualities[D]threats

18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved

19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into

20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

©EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5km

aroundtheirlocalpark.②TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhas

inspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.③Eventsarefree,staffedbythousands

ofvolunteers.©Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrange

fromAndrewBaddeley,sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

①ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic“legacy"isfailing.®Tenyears

agoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30"OlympiadwouldbeinLondon.

③PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGaineswouldbetolever

anationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.④Thepopulationwouldbefitter,

healthierandproducemorewinners.⑤Ithasnothappened.⑥Thenumberofadults

doingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2022—butthegeneral

populationwasgrowingfaster.⑦Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatan

acceleratingrate.⑧Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwo

hoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.©Obesityhasrisenamongadultsand

children.⑩OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2022failedto

uinspireageneration.⑪ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

①Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.②

Theethoswelcomesanybody.©Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeing

clappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.④TheOlympicbidders,

bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.

⑤Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidating

fornewcomers.

©Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedin

theplanningofsuchafundamentallyagrassrootsz，conceptascommunitysports

associations.②Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegetting

involvedinprovidingcommongoods-makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfields

andthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionof

alltheseactivitiesinschools.③Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedover

sellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattention

onsportineducation.©Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneed

todomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.⑤Oratleastnotmakethem

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

[A]createdmanyjobs

[B]gainedgreatpopularity

[C]becomeanofficialfestival

[D]strengthenedcommunityties

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon，sOlympic"legacy〃hasfailedto.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]improvethecity*simage

[C]increasesporthoursinschools

[D]promotesportparticipation

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[B]investinpublicsportsfacilities

[C]organize"grassroots"sportsevents

[D]superviselocalsportsassociations

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.

[A]critical

[B]tolerant

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

Text2

①Withsomuchfocusonchildren,suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentsto

forgetabouttheirownscreenuse.②"Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,〃

saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsarethere

topromotemaximalengagement.(3)Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalot

ofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.

①Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygiving

mother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.②Shefoundthatmotherswhoused

devicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewer

nonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.©Duringaseparateobservation,she

sawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.©Parentswouldbelooking

attheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

©Infantsarewiredtolookatparents?facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,

andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedin

adevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.②Radeskycitesthe

“stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe

1970s.③Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybefore

puttingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:The

childbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother,s

attention.④uParentsdon,thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthere

needstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild,

sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,〃saysRadesky.

①Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'

useofscreensarebornoutofan^oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparents

shouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhat

fantasised,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou,re

failingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."②Tronick

believesthatjustbecauseachildisn,tlearningfromthescreendoesn,tmeanthereJ

snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohousework

orsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.③Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutof

usingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.④This

canmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildthe

restofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto.

[A]absorbuserattention

[B]increaseworkefficiency

[C]simplifyroutinematters

[D]betterinterpersonalrelations

27.Radesky'sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers?useofdevices.

[C]slowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

[C]parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

[D]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]remainconcernedaboutkids'useofscreens

[D]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

30.AccordingtoTronick,kids,useofscreensmay«

[A]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[B]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

①Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunction

withincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentsto

completelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.②Afterall,ifeveryone

youknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn,

tit③Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn,tfeelnaturaltospend

ayeardoingsomethingthatisn9tacademic.

①Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.

②There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesocially

perpetuated“racetothefinishline,“whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,

medicalschooloralucrativecareer.③Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyear

doesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

©StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagap

7

yeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewho

donot.©Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparing

themforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthings

thatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.③Gapyearexperiencescan

lessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrand

newenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthan

acclimationblunders.

①Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexplore

interests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.②

AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentof

collegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.③Thisisn,tsurprising,

consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoor

understandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.④Many

studentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,but

switchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.⑤It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,

butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoo

lateinthegame.@AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompletean

extrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.©Taking

agapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylater

on.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps.

[A]relievefreshmenofpressures

[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmen'sfinancialburdens

[D]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic

33.Theword“acclimation”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]motivation

[B]application

[C]competition

[B]decideontherightmajor

[C]avoidacademicfailures

[D]establishlong-termgoals

35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]InFavoroftheGapYear

[B]TheABCsoftheGapYear

[C]TheGapYearComesBack

[D]TheGapYear:ADilemma

Text4

①Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyof

wildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,says

ProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.

①In2022,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits

$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires—nearlydoublethepercentageitspenton

suchefforts20yearsago.②Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowards

theagency'sotherwork-suchasforestconservation,watershedandcultural

resourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep-thataffectthelivesofall

Americans.

©Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesare

goingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.(2)AsMoritzputsit,howoftenare

federaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire

①"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthe

wholecountry,〃hesays.②uWeneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.③Like,

'Waitaminute,isthis0K,@Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundsto

concentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape”

①SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytoday

viewsfire,researcherssay.

@Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.②

Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange-howthewarmingofthe

Earthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.

©Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn,tcomeattheexpense

oftherestoftheequation.

①“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andthe

interactionsgobothways,〃hesays.©Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leads

to“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.③Ourperceptionof

theproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.，z

①Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobe

whollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchatthe

UniversityofColorado.②Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlife

isanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeit

assafeaspossible,shesays.

①"We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,〃Balchsays.②“It

isreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnection

withfiretoday.〃

36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2022

they_.

[A]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

[B]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

[C]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

[D]exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof〃amagnifyingglass"to.

[A]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

[B]findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape

[C]raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas

[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.

[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet

[B]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto.

[A]discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

[B]explorethemechanismofthehumansystems

[C]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

[D]maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.

[A]doawaywith

[B]cometotermswith

[C]payapricefor

[D]keepawayfrom

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleft

columntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Thereare

twoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfrom

DonaldTrump."Wedon,tmakeanythinganymore,"hetoldFoxNews,whiledefending

hisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.

Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,

andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhit

manufacturing.

Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.

Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:Instead

ofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetition

andoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsof

11

retiringboomerseveryyear.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheir

place.Otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.

Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupward

pressureonwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,saysJay

Dunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm."Theymaybecoming

[intotheworkforce],butthey'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealso

doingaswellasmanufacturing,"Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniors

tothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.

AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipment

thathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepsacloseeyeontheageofhis

nearly200workers.Fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-college

studentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhour

thatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.

Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooks

flusteredbythecoppercoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.

It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathigh

schoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering."I

loveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,,rhesays.

Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajor

hurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreat

Depression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennialsremembertheirfather

andmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,，zsays

BirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyfor

westernMichigan.

Theseconcernsaren,tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom

17millionin1970to12millionin2022.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortages

firstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthe

mid-skilllevels.

“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealot

ofskill,“saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege.

12

“There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyou

don,tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgapinbetween,andthat'swheretheproblem

i•s.〃

JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunityCollegepointstoanotherkeytoluring

Millennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontent

toworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility.aOvertimeisnotattractiveto

thisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,shesays.

[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineering

becausehelovesworkingwithtools.

41.JayDunwell[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofill

thejobsthatdon,tneedmuchskill.

42.JasonStenquist[C]pointsoutthattheUSdoesn,tmanufacture

anythinganymore.

43.BirgitKlohs[D]believesthatitisimportanttokeepaclose

eyeontheageofhisworkers.

44.RobSpohr[E]saysthatforfactoryowners,workersareharder

tofindbecauseofstiffcompetition.

45.JulieParks[F]pointsoutthatawork/lifebalancecanattract

youngpeopleintomanufacturing.

[G]saysthatthemanufacturingrecessionisto

blameforthelay-offoftheyoungpeople*sparents.

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationon

theANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionand

publis