新教材高中外研版英语选择性必修4课时作业Unit2SectionⅡUsinglanguage

课时作业(五)Unit2SectionⅡUsinglanguageⅠ.阅读理解AThewordproactivityisfairlymoninmanagementliterature,butyouwon'tfinditinthedictionary.Itmeansthatasahumanbeingyoutakeresponsibilityforyourownlife.Lookatthewordresponsibility:theabilitytochooseyourresponse,response­ability.Effectivepeopleareproactivebecausetheytakeresponsibility.Theirbehaviorisaproductoftheirowndecisions,basedonvalues,ratherthanbeingaproductoftheirownconditions,basedonfeelings.Forinstance,youareplanningapicnicwithyourfamily.You'reexcited.Youhaveallthepreparations.You'vedecidedwheretogo,andthenitbeesstormy,killingyourplan.Proactivepeoplecarry_weather_within_them.Theyrealizewhattheirpurposereallywas,andtheycreativelyhaveapicnicelsewhereevenifit'sintheirownbasementwithsomespecialgames,andmakethebestofthatsituation.Theoppositeofbeingproactiveistobereactive.Reactivepeoplewouldsay,“What'stheuse？”“Wecan'tdoanything.”“Oh,thisissoupsettingafterallofourpreparationsandarrangements.”Theytrytopersuadethepeoplearoundthemandusuallythepicnicwillbecancelled.Beingproactiveisreallyjustbeingtruetoyourhumannature.Yourbasicnatureistoact,andnottobeactedupon.That'strue,despitewidespreadtheoriesofdeterminismusedtoexplainhumannature.Determinismsaysthatyoudon'treallychooseanythingandthatwhatyoucallchoicesarenothingmorethanautomaticresponsestooutsideconditions.Thelanguageofreactivepeopleislike:“Ican't.”“Don'thavetime.”“Ihaveto.”“Imust.”Thewholespiritofthatlanguageisthetransferofresponsibility.Theythinkthingsaredeterminedbytheirenvironment,orbytheirconditions,orbytheirconditioningortheirgeneticmakeup.Psychologically,peoplewhobelievetheyaredeterminedwillproducetheevidencetosupportthebelief,andtheyincreasinglyfeelvictimizedandoutofcontrol.They'renotinchargeoftheirlifeatall.Onthecontrary,aproactivepersonexercisesfreewillandisfreetochoosetheresponsethatbestappliestohisvalues.Inthatway,hegainscontroloverthecircumstances,ratherthanbeingcontrolledbythem.1．Accordingtothepassage,aproactiveperson'sbehaviorcanresultfrom________.A．theenvironmentB．aninnerbeliefC．thegeneticmakeupD．atemporaryfeeling2．Whatdoes“carryweatherwithinthem”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Managetoimprovetheweather.B．Giveintotheweatherpassively.C．Stresstheinfluenceoftheweather.D．Findasolutiontotheweatherproblem.3．Whenapicnicplanisthreatenedbyasuddenstorm,reactivepeoplewillprobably________.A．havethepicnicasplannedB．makethebestofthepicnicC．plainandgiveupthepicnicD．findsomewhereelseforthepicnic4．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatdeterminists(宿命论者)________.A．acceptthingspassivelyB．areinchargeofthemselvesC．aresimilartoproactivepeopleD．respondtooutsideconditionsactivelyBToniMorrisonwasanAmericanwriterwhoreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.Hernovels,Beloved,SongofSolomonandothersexploredthewayAfrican­Americanssearchforfreedomandidentityinacountryobsessed(受困扰的)withskincolour.Morrisonwasnearly40whenshepublishedherfirstnovelTheBluestEyein1970.TheNobelPrizemitteedescribedherwritingas“languageitself,alanguageshewantstoliberatefromrace”.HernovelsdiscussedAmerica'spast,focusingonblackhistoryandtheeffectsofslaveryandracism.Shecalledhercharacters“theunfreeattheheartofthedemocratic(民主的)experiment”．In1988,shewonthePulitzerPrizeforhernovelBeloved,thestoryofamotherwhokillsherbabydaughterratherthanpermithertoreturntoslavery.Itbecameabest­sellerandwaslatermadeintoafilm.ManyAmericansadmiredherasthecountry'sgreatestwriter,includingformerPresidentBarackObama.Shewasbornin1931.SheattendedHowardUniversity,anall­blackuniversityinWashington,DC.AtHoward,shereadAfrican,BritishandAmericanliterature,includingwritersWilliamFaulknerandVirginiaWoolf.Afterashortmarriage,shebecameasinglemotheroftwosonsandworkedasabookeditorinNewYork.SeveralpublishersrejectedherfirstbookTheBluestEye,butitimpressedTheNewYorkTimes'bookcritic(评论家)JohnLeonard,whobelievedMorrisonwasanimportantnewvoice.Hesaidherwritingwas“sofullofpainandwonderthatthenovelbeespoetry”．MorrisonenjoyedherliteraryfameandwasproudofherNobelPrize.5．WhatareToniMorrison'sbooksmainlyabout?A．Women'sequalityandrights.B．ThedevelopmentofAmerica.C．TheliteratureofAmerica.D．Blackhistoryandracism.6．WhichofthefollowinghelpedToniMorrisonreceivethePulitzerPrize?A．Beloved.B．SongofSolomon.C．TheBluestEye.D．TheNewYorkTimes.7．WhyisformerPresidentBarackObamamentioned?A．ToshowBarackObama'ssupportinliterature.B．ToproveToniMorrison'sgreatnessasawriter.C．TostressToniMorrison'scontributiontoAmerica.D．ToremindreadersoftheskincolourofBarackObama.8．WhatcanweinferfromJohnLeonard'swords?A．HethoughthighlyofMorrison.B．HerejectedthebookTheBluestEye.C．ThebookTheBluestEyemadehimpainful.D．ToniMorrison'sbookwashardtounderstand.Ⅱ.七选五Hopeisthemostpowerfulmotivatingforce(驱动力)thathelpspeopletooverethedifficulties.__1__youneedtheguidingforcetokeepyoumovingtowardyourgoals.Hopekeepsyouonyourfeetandmakesyoumuchstronger.Hopeisyourstrengthandinnerfaithinthebattleofyourlife.__2__youloseeverything.Youdohardworkandmakeagreatefforttosucceedinlifebutfail.Thatmakesyouupsetanddepressed.Youdonotknowwhattodo.Atthattimehopeestoyourrescueandgivesyouencouragement.__3__Hopeincreasestheproductivity,efficiencyandcreativityofpeople.Ahopefulpersonisapositivepersonwhocansucceedinanyfieldofhischoice.__4__Thebestservicewecandotomankindisgivinghopetohopelesspeople.__5__Yes,hopegivesmeaningtolifeaswithouthopethereisnoreasontolive.Givehopetopeopleandtheywillbeemorecreativeandmoreproductive.Hopeisvitaltothelifeofeveryperson.Besides,hopeisnecessarynotonlyforlifebutalsoforlivingahealthylife.Hopeisthebestmedicinethatkeepsawayfromtension,depression,despair,highbloodpressureandotherhealthproblems.Ihadtwobigheartattacksandwhileattheedgeofdeath,IhadhopethatIwouldsurvive.Andthehopeofgettingwellkeptmealive.A．Ahopelesspersonisafailedpersonwhocanneversucceedinlife.B．Haveyoueverlosthopeandfeltsorryforyourself?C．Sinceyou'refullofhopeforthefuture，D．Youtryonemoretimeandsucceed.E．Intheupsanddownsoflife，F．Ishopenecessaryforlife?G．Ifyoulosehope，课时作业(五)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极的人和消极的人的区别，例如在遭遇天气不好野餐计划搁浅的时候，积极的人会想办法进行野餐，而消极的人会直接取消计划。积极的人行为动力来自内心，而消极的人却由周围的环境左右其决定。1．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段前两句Beingproactiveisreallyjustbeingtruetoyourhumannature.Yourbasicnatureistoact，andnottobeactedupon.可知，积极主动其实就是忠于你的人性。人的本性是行动，而不是任人摆布。由此可知一个积极的人，他的行动源于他的内心和本性。故选B。2．答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段画线部分后面的内容Theyrealizewhattheirpurposereallywas,andtheycreativelyhaveapicnicelsewhereevenifit'sintheirownbasementwithsomespecialgames...可知积极的人明白他们真正的目的是什么，尽管天气对计划不利，但他们会选择合适的地方，即使是在自家的地下室里进行一些特别的游戏，最终达到目的。所以当环境不利于计划的时候，积极的人会创造性地想出解决方法，达到目的。由此推断，第二段的“carryweatherwithinthem”可能是指找到解决天气问题的办法。故选D。3．答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Theytrytopersuadethepeoplearoundthemandusuallythepicnicwillbecancelled.可知消极的人会试图说服他们周围的人并最后取消野餐。所以当野餐计划受到突然的暴风雨威胁时，消极的人可能会抱怨并放弃野餐。故选C。4．答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第四段中Theythinkthingsaredeterminedbytheirenvironment,orbytheirconditions,orbytheirconditioningortheirgeneticmakeup.可知，消极的人认为事情是由环境决定的，或由他们的条件或基因组成决定。再结合第二段野餐的例子可推断出，消极的人在面对计划不得不改变时，他们会抱怨但接受现实，而不会想办法去创造机会实现目标。由此推断出宿命论者消极地接受事物。故选A。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国诺贝尔文学奖得主托妮·莫里森的作品以情感炽热、简短而富有诗意，并对美国黑人生活的敏锐观察而闻名。5．答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的HernovelsdiscussedAmerica'spast,focusingonblackhistoryandtheeffectsofslaveryandracism.可知，她的小说主要是关于黑人历史和种族歧视的。故选D项。6．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的In1988，shewonthePulitzerPrizeforhernovelBeloved可知，帮助她获得普利策奖的是小说《宠儿》。故选A项。7．答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的ManyAmericansadmiredherasthecountry'sgreatestwriter,includingformerPresidentBarackObama.可推知，文中提到前总统奥巴马是来证明托妮·莫里森作为作家的影响力之大。故选B项。8．答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的．..JohnLeonard，whobelievedMorrisonwasanimportantnewvoice.Hesaidherwritingwas“sofullofpainandwonderthatthenovelbeespoetry”．可知，约翰·伦纳德对莫里森评价很高。故选A项。Ⅱ.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论希望对于人的重要性：希望是最强大的驱动力，帮助人