英语名师讲练大一轮复习外研版通用核心素养测评十四必修3Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评十四必修3Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·内江模拟)Onethingyoudonotexpectanoilministertodoistoblockthedevelopmentofhisowncountry’soilfields.ButthatisexactlywhatAlbertoAcostadidwhenhewasappointedEcuador’sOilMinister.Forarelativelypoorcountrywhosemainineisfromoilexports,thisideaseemedlikemadness.Ecuadorisnotrichbyeconomic(经济)standards,butintermsofthediversityofplantandanimallife,itisoneoftherichestplacesonEarth.Forthis,scientistsstudiedtreesintheYasuniNationalParkinEcuador’sundamagedrainforest,andtheyfoundover650differentspecies(物种)oftreeinjustoneacre—morethanthetotalnumberinalloftheUSandCanadabined.MrAcostasaidhewouldrathertheoilpaniesdidnotdestroythesenaturalriches.HisideaistoleavetheoilreservesbeneathYasuniParkuntouched,inreturnforpensationofhalftheirvalue,whichwillbedonebytheinternationalsociety.Theoilisworthmorethan$7billion.Ecuadorisnottheonlycountrytryingtogetrichernationstopayfornotexploiting(开发)theirforests.BothNigeriaandGuatemalaarehopingtheywillbeabletomakesimilardeals.Aspokespersonforlocalenvironmentalgroupsexplained,“Thisisfantasticthoughtheplanhasmetwithproblems,bothfromwithinEcuadorandfromoutside.IfonlypeopleindevelopedcountriesappreciatedthattheseforestsabsorbalotoftheCO2thattheirindustriesproduce.Ijustwishtheywouldtakealongertermviewofthisproblem.Protectingbiodiversityandpreventingclimatechangemeanstemporaryloss,otherwise,wewillallbelosers—withconsequencesI’drathernoteventhinkabout.”【文章大意】厄瓜多尔为了保护自然,石油部长MrAcosta阻止开采这个国家公园下面的石油。这篇文章旨在告诉我们发展中国家不要为了一时的利益而破坏大自然。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A.Histotalnumberoftreespecies.B.Ecuador’soilstoragequantity.C.Ecuador’sdiversityinwildlife.D.Hisundamagedrainforest.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据语境可知,this指代前面一句中的intermsofthediversityofplantandanimallife,itisoneoftherichestplacesonEarth。由此可知,this指的是“厄瓜多尔这个国家的野生动植物种类多”。故选C。2.WhatwasMrAcosta’srealaimtopreventsomeoilfieldsbeingdeveloped?A.Importingmoreoil.B.Protectingtheenvironment.C.Buildingmorenaturalparks.D.pensatetheYasuniPark.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,在厄瓜多尔的Yasuni国家公园里一英亩就有650多种不同的树种,所以MrAcosta阻止开采这个国家公园下面的石油的真正目的是保护环境。故选B。3.Whatdoesthespokespersonindicateinthelastparagraph?A.Destroyingnaturemeanspunishingourselves.B.Naturalforestscanstopclimatechangetotally.C.Developedcountrieswillbeelosers.D.It’simpossibletocarryoutAcosta’splan.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段这位发言人的话可知,他反对砍伐森林,保护生态多样性虽然意味着有暂时的损失,否则我们会成为真正的输家。故选A。【知识拓展】背景链接厄瓜多尔,全称厄瓜多尔共和国(TheRepublicofEcuador),南美洲国家联盟的成员国之一,位于南美洲西北部的国家,北与哥伦比亚相邻,南接秘鲁,西滨太平洋。面积256370平方千米,赤道横贯国境北部,厄瓜多尔就是西班牙语“赤道”的意思。矿物以石油为主,森林面积约占全国面积的68%。BMoscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingicswithcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrantshowtheyshouldbehave.Theysaya100pageguideisneededto“maintainapositiveimage”ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce“tensions”betweennativesandmigrants.Butsomepeoplehavepointedoutthatforeignimmigrantsandnativesmaybeviewedasopponentsinthemanual(手册).Theythinkimmigrantsandnativesshouldlivetogetherinharmony.RussiansandimmigrantshaverepeatedlyclashedinMoscowrecently.ManyimmigrantsfromexSovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasusandNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital’sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.AsignificantnumberofthemworkintheRussiancapitalillegally.ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe“dos”and“don’ts”toimmigrants.Theyareurgednottocausetrouble,bystaringatwomen,oreatingortalkingloudlyonthestreets.Theyarealsowarnedthatthepolicemayroutinelystopthemtochecktheirdocuments.Inthemanual,Russia’sfamous“Threewarriors”aremeanttorepresentthecity’slawenforcementagencies,whilePrinceYuriDolgoruky(ahistoricalcharacter)isusedfortoursaroundMoscow.Meanwhile,VasilisatheWiseandTheSnowMaidentestthereaderonRussia’slanguageandhistory.AspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceoffollowingMoscow’sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatimmigrantscouldotherwisebedeported(驱逐出境)orbannedfromentry.“TheoldconflictbetweenRussianheroesandnonSlavicinvadersappearsagain,”YevgenyVarshaver,amigrationexperttoldBBCRussian.Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageusedinthebookwouldbe“difficult”tounderstandforsomeimmigrantswhowerenotnativeRussianspeakers.【文章大意】莫斯科出台了用带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanual?A.Itmaynotmakeimmigrantsandnativesliveinharmony.B.Itisfulloffunnystoriesfromfairytales.C.Itaimstoprotecttherightsoflocalsandimmigrants.D.Itsetsstrictandcruelrulestoimmigrants.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知,莫斯科当局是用带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。但是一些人指出这个手册把本国人和移民看做是对立的,所以这个手册不会使他们和谐相处。故选A。5.PeoplefromothercountriesetoMoscow.

A.toenjoythefineclimateB.tohaveanewlifestyleC.tofindoccupationswithgoodineD.toexperienceanewculture【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的Manyimmigrants...arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital’sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.可知,其他国家的人来到莫斯科是为了在莫斯科找到工作,并且有相对高的工资。故选C。6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thebookwillmakeiteasyforforeignimmigrantstoread.B.Foreignimmigrantsmayfindthemanualinterestingtoread.C.TheRussianlanguageishardforforeignimmigrantstolearn.D.Foreignimmigrantsmayhavedifficultyreadingthemanual.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageusedinthebookwouldbe“difficult”tounderstandforsomeimmigrantswhowerenotnativeRussianspeakers.可知,这本手册对于一些移民来说是很难理解的。故选D。7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.WaystohelpforeignimmigrantstosettleinRussia.B.MoreandmoreforeignimmigrantsworkinMoscow.C.Moscowfairytaleicstohelpimmigrantsbehave.D.CharactersfromRussianfairytalesattractpublicattention.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。莫斯科出台了带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。故选C。【知识拓展】长难句分析AspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceoffollowingMoscow’sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatimmigrantscouldotherwisebedeportedorbannedfromentry.分析:stressingthatimmigrantscouldotherwisebedeportedorbannedfromentry,是现在分词短语作伴随状语。stressing后面的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气,相当于省略了if虚拟条件句,即iftheydidn’tfollowMoscow’sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules。翻译:这本书专门有一部分解释了遵守莫斯科的严格的居住和工作制度,同时强调否则他们就被驱逐出境或禁止入境。Ⅱ.完形填空Denver,ColoradoisoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesinAmerica.Italsohasoneofthebiggestpopulationsof1youngpeople.ADenvercoffeeshopisseekingtosolvetheproblem.ThePurpleDoorCoffeeShopemploysand2homelessyoungpeople,givingthemasecond3tomakeanewstart.

Formanyyears,KevinPersonslivedonthe4.Today,heisworkinginabar,servingcoffee.Heisalsoworkingtomoveoffthestreetsandintoahome.

Hesaysitisa5togetajobevenwhenyouhaveahousenowadays;butwhenyoudon’thaveahousetryingtogetajobitismuchharder.Whatmakesitalittle6isthemissionofthePurpleDoorCoffeeshop.Itdoesnotjust7acupofcoffee;itturnslives8.

Theownersofthetwoyearoldnonprofit9threetofouryoungadultsperyear.ShelterssuchasUrbanPeak,whereKevinwasstaying,10youngpeoplewhoarereadytomittoworking.

MadisonChandler,cofounderofPurpleDoor,andherpartnermeetwiththeirworkers11eachweek.Theytalkabouttopics12frommentalhealth,financetocustomerservice.Theyalso13alifecoachtomakesuretheworkershavethe14andskillsthatwill15themupforsuccess.

Kevin16thatheislearningwhatheneedsto17thestrugglesofhomelessnessandliveafulllife.

ForMadisonChandler,providingtheseyoungadultswith18andeducationandhelpingthembeeconfidentand19isworthwhile.Themost20partofherjobishelpingthemachievealifeforthemselvesthattheyhavedreamedof.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍美国丹佛的一家咖啡店帮助无家可归的年轻人的事情。1.A.homeless B.hopelessC.powerless D.useless【解析】选A。homeless无家可归的;hopeless无望的;powerless没力的;useless无用的。根据下文的homelessyoungpeople可知。2.A.treats B.trains C.requires D.controls【解析】选B。treat对待,治疗;train培训;require需要,要求;control控制。根据下文可知,这家咖啡店雇用无家可归的年轻人,提供给他们工作。工作前一定要进行培训。故选B。3.A.change B.charityC.chance D.promise【解析】选C。change改变;charity慈善;chance机会;promise妥协。雇用无家可归的年轻人,是给他们一次重新开始的机会。4.A.roof B.bridge C.bank D.street【解析】选D。roof房顶;bridge桥;bank岸,银行;street街道。根据这一段的Heisalsoworkingtomoveoffthestreetsandintoahome.可知,KevinPersons住在大街上很多年了。5.A.dream B.goal C.privileg D.struggle【解析】选D。dream梦想;goal目标;privilege特权;struggle挣扎,奋斗,困难。句意:现在你有房子找工作都是难事,但是你没有房子找工作更难。6.A.nicer B.larger C.easier D.stronger【解析】选C。nice美好的;large大的;easy容易的;strong强壮的,强大的。根据前面一句中的harder可知此处表示相反的意思,故选C。7.A.share B.study C.solve D.serve【解析】选D。share分享;study学习;solve解决;serve提供,(为……)服务,任(职),端上。这是一家咖啡店,所以它提供咖啡。8.A.away B.around C.on D.in【解析】选B。turnaway打发走;turnaround转身,改变意见,使变得完全不同;turnon打开电器等;turnin上交。句意:它不仅提供一杯咖啡,它还使生活完全不同。9.A.hire B.fireC.exchange D.contact【解析】选A。hire雇用;fire开火,解雇;exchange交换;contact联系。根据上下文可知,店主每年雇用三到四位年轻人。10.A.remend B.suggest C.remind D.indicate【解析】选A。remend推荐,建议;suggest建议,暗示;remind提醒,使想起;indicate暗示,指示。句意:像Kevin住的UrbanPeak这样的收容中心推荐愿意工作的年轻人。11.A.particularly B.individually C.accidentally D.proudly【解析】选B。particularly尤其;individually分别地,各自地,独特地;accidentally偶然地,意外地;proudly骄傲地,自豪地。句意:MadisonChandler,PurpleDoor的共同创立者,和她的合伙人分别会见他们的员工。12.A.spreading B.ranging C.including D.extending【解析】选B。spreadfrom...to...从……传播/蔓延到……;rangefrom...to...(文章或讲话)涉及,包括,(在一定幅度内)变化,变动;include包括,后面不需要from;extendfrom...to...从……延伸到……。句意:他们谈论从心理健康,财政到顾客服务各种话题。13.A.advertise B.teach C.provide D.promote【解析】选C。advertise宣传;teach教;provide提供;promote提升。句意:他们给工人们请来人生导师来确保工人们得到使他们成功的支持和技能。14.A.supply B.imagination C.production D.support【解析】选D。supply供应品;imagination想象;production生产;support支持。使工人们成功,应该提供他们支持和技能。故选D。15.A.set B.pick C.lift D.give【解析】选A。setsb.up资助某人;picksb.up用车接某人;liftsb.up举起某人,使某人心情好起来;givesb.up放弃某人。此处指帮助他们成功。16.A.admits B.regretsC.recognizes D.claims【解析】选C。admit承认;regret后悔;recognize,辨认出,认识到;claim声称。句意:Kevin意识到他现在正在学习他需要的东西来摆脱无家可归的困难的境地,过上充实的生活。17.A.keep B.await C.leave D.recall【解析】选C。keep保持;await等候;leave离开,告别;recall回忆。根据上下文可知,Kevin在工作,想摆脱那种无家可归的生活。18.A.employment B.development C.movement D.adjustment【解析】选A。employment雇用;development发展;movement移动;adjustment调整。根据第一段的ThePurpleDoorCoffeeShopemploys可知。19.A.humorous B.independent C.determined D.stubborn【解析】选B。humorous幽默的;independent独立的;determined坚定的;stubborn倔强的,固执的。根据空前面的confident以及后面一句中的helpingthemachievealifeforthemselvesthattheyhavedreamedof可知,提供给年轻人工作和教育,并帮助他们自信独立是值得的。20.A.encouraging B.astonishing C.amusing D.rewarding【解析】选D。encouraging鼓舞人心的;astonishing令人吃惊的;amusing有趣的;rewarding值得的。根据前面一句中的worthwhile可知。worthwhile和rewarding都表示“值得的”。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.seektodosth. 试图做某事2.mission n.使命;宗旨;代表团3.nonprofit adj.非营利的 n.非营利组织等4.worthwhile adj.值得的5.dreamof 梦想Ⅲ.语法填空导学号阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Mostnewpeoplewerebornindevelopingcountries.Thesecountries1.(find)inmuchofAfrica,SouthAmericaandsomepartsofAsia.InthedevelopedcountriesofEuropeandNorthAmerica,thepopulationisgrowingvery2.(slow).Thisis3.womeninthesecountrieshave,onaverage,onlyoneortwochildren.Inthedevelopingcountries,manywomenhavefive4.morechildren.In1950,aroundonequarteroftheworld’spopulationlivedinthedevelopedcountries.By2050