英语高考冲刺-七选五

2022年高考冲刺-七选五——近五年原题及解析【2016年各地原题及解析】1.【2016·全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate。Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”Spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,Forexample,Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample“bridge“mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.It

is

very

hard

to

break

a

code

without

the

code

book.B.In

any

language,

some

letters

are

used

more

than

others.C.Only

people

who

know

the

keyword

can

read

the

message.D.As

long

as

there

have

been

codes,

people

have

tried

to

break

them.E.You

can

hide

a

message

by

having

the

first

letters

of

each

word

spell

it

out.F.With

a

code

book,

you

might

write

down

words

that

would

stand

for

other

words.G.Another

way

to

hide

a

message

is

to

use

symbols

to

stand

for

specific

letters

of

the

alphabet.36.D【解析】考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容As

long

as

there

have

been

codes,

people

have

tried

to

break

them.符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。37.E【解析】考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。38．G【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下文的解释内容可知介绍了密码设置的又一种方法，G【解析】项符合此意，故选G。39．F考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下文的例子及上句中的acodebook可以判断该句是介绍密码本的使用，F项符合此意，承上启下。故选F。40.A考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项It

is

very

hard

to

break

a

code

without

the

code

book.符合语境。2.【2016·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Agardenthat’sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(总和)ofitsparts?16.Butitdoesn’thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.●___17Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).18.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.●Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma’srosegardenandDad’svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat’snotwhat’simportant.19--howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou’dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.20thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.A.KnowwhyyougardenB.FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE.StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG.Foreachofthosegardens,writerdownthestrongestmemoryyouhave【答案】16.F17.A18.E19.C20.G【解析】本文是说明文，美丽的花园给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了料理好自己花园的两个方法。16．根据前两句问“你是否参观过那些让你感觉非常好的花园？”以及下文内容可知，你也可以自己搞一个属于你自己的花园。故选F。17．根据本段前两句可知，每个人做园艺有不同的原因，再根据倒数第二句However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.可知，有很多能够解释你为做园艺的原因，所以本段的标题是讲做园艺的原因，故选A。18．本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用肥料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。E项：Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants(还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物)与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。故选E。19．根据前一句说明花园好坏并不重要，C项：It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters(重要的是我们搞园艺的经历)承接上文内容，故选C。20．本段介绍自己搞一个花园，要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。G项：Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave(为每一个花园写下你最强烈的记忆)符合本段文意，故选G。3.【2016·全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.16Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon’tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn’tdifficult.17Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.18Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou’restandingattheocean’sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn’tfresh.19Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you’dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon’tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn’tastastyasthefreshone.There

are

many

common

methods

used

to

cook

fish.

20

First,lean

it

and

season

it

with

your

choice

of

spices(调料).Put

the

whole

fish

on

a

plate

and

steam

it

in

a

steam

pot

for

8

to

10

minutes

if

it

weighs

about

one

pound.(A

larger

one

will

take

more

time.)Then,it’s

ready

to

serve.A.Do

not

buy

it.B.The

easiest

is

to

steam

it.C.This

is

how

you

can

do

it.D.It

just

requires

a

little

knowledge.E.The

fish

will

go

bad

within

hours.F.When

buying

fish,you

should

first

smell

it.G.The

fats

in

fish

are

thought

to

help

prevent

heart

disease.【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.A20.B【解析】文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。16．G第一句＂Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.＂是总写，But表示转折，说明But前面一句是对第一句的解释，G项＂鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病＂符合语境，故选G。17．D由前一句＂Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn’tdifficult.＂可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D项＂这仅仅需要一点知识＂符合语境，此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复，故选D。18．F根据＂Freshfishshouldsmellsweet＂可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。19．A根据前一句＂Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn’tfresh.＂可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选A。20．B根据＂Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutes＂可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选B。4.【2016·北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimesWedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.71Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.72AsthequalityofRisk-takingwaspassedfromonrationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetoneKilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.73Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.74Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.Meantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisersyourtoleranceforriskaswell.75Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【答案】71.F72.C73.A74.E75.G【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．71．根据前文becausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项“然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。72．根据前文Risk-takerswerebetterathunting，fighting，orexploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。73．根据前文Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。74．根据前文scientistssaythatyourWillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。75．根据下文Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作”承接下文。故选G。5.【2016·浙江】下面文章中有5处（第61-65题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（ABCDE和F）中选出符合各段意思的小题，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。A.GetinvolvedinstudentactivitiesB.YourvoiceisactuallysuperimportantC.ThereisasignificantincreaseofopportunitiesD.StayinactivecommunicationwithyourfriendsE.GetsmartaboutthepeoplewhoyouspendyourtimewithF.YourmajordoesnotmatterasmuchinyourfirstofcollegeFiveThingsNobodyToldMeaboutCollegeAsItypethis,Iaminmyuniversitydormroom.Ayearago,whenIwasawaitingtoheartheresultsofmycollegeapplications,Ioftenwenttowebsitesforsometypeofinsiderlookonwhatcollegewouldbelike.However,there’sonlysomuchthatprepbooks,websites,andolderfriendscanteach.Herearethetop5thingsnobodytoldmeaboutcollege:61Nobodyenteringauniversityknowsexactlywhattheywanttostudy.Iftheytellyouotherwise,they’relyingandwillprobablychangewhattheywanttopursewithinthefirstquarterofattendance.DuringmyfirstquarteratUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside(UCR),IthoughtthatIwantedtostudyPoliticalSciencewithitsfocusonInternationalAffairs,sothat’swhatIappliedfor.However,onceIworkedwithstatewideandlocalgovernment,IrealizedthatabetterfitformewouldbePublicPolicy,andnowIamintheprocessofchangingmyarea.62Incollege,therearesomanygoodchancesforyoutomeetyourexpectations.However,thereisaveryimportantdifferencebetweenwantingtodosomethingandapplyingforsomething.Inorderforyoutotakeadvantageoftheconferences,research,internships,andfellowshipsthatyouruniversityoffers,apply!Stepintoyouracademicadvisor’soffice,introduceyourself,andbeginmakingthevaluableconnectionsthatarenecessarytohelpduringtherestofyourcollegecareer.Greatthingshappenwhenyoustepoutofyourcomfortzone,andyouwouldbesurprisedonhowmanychancesexistifyoujustask.63Collegeiswhereyoumeetyourbirdesmaids,neighbors,andpotentialbosses.Therelationshipsyoudevelopnowwillprobablybelinkedtotheonesyouvaluelater,sobewiseaboutthepeoplewhoyouinvestyourselfin.Youareonlyoneperson,andyoudonothavetimetowasteonpeoplewhowouldrathercausedramaormessupwithyourpurpose.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetterwhilelovingyouforwhoyouare,andbepatienttothepeoplewhoarethecompleteoppositeofthatdescription.64Asafirst-year,IwasafraidtomakeanynoisetowardscampusissuesthatInoticed.ItwasnotuntilIbecameinvolvedinstudentgovernmentthatIgainedtheconfidencetohandleprojectsthatIcreatedwiththehelpofASUCROfficeofthePresident.Duringmyfirstquarter,IspokedirectlytotheChancellor,askinghimforsupporttowardsmyinitiavives,metwiththeViveChancellors,andcooreratedwithmyteachingassistancestobeginmyundergraduateresearchprotect.Nothinggoodwillhappenwhenyouaresilent.65Atmyhighschool,therewereaboutonlyfouractiveclubandorganizationsthatstudentscouldbeapartof.ImaginemysurprisewhenIsteppedfootontoUCR’scampus,whereover400organizationsexist,rangingfrompoliticalorganizationstokarateclub.Youarenotpayingalloryourtuition(学费)tomerelygotoclass,study,passtestsandgraduate.Makesomethingworthyoutofyourexperience.Createthatyouwillwanttotellyourgrandchildrenoneday.Itallbeginshere,bysigninguptojoinanorganization.61.【答案】F【解析】根据本段的句子Nobodyenteringauniversityknowsexactlywhattheywanttostudy.Iftheytellyouotherwise,they’relyingandwillprobablychangewhattheywanttopursewithinthefirstquarterofattendance.可知，这段主要介绍了：你的专业在大学一年级不重要。故选F。62.【答案】C【解析】根据本段的句子Incollege,therearesomanygoodchancesforyoutomeetyourexpectations.可知，这段主要介绍了：机会不断增加。故选C。63.【答案】E【解析】根据本段的“Therelationshipsyoudevelopnowwillprobablybelinkedtotheonesyouvaluelater,sobewiseaboutthepeoplewhoyouinvestyourselfin.”可知，本段主要介绍了：对身边的人要理性一些。故选E。64.【答案】B【解析】根据本段的句子Nothinggoodwillhappenwhenyouaresilent.可知，这段主要介绍了：你说的话实际上非常重要。故选B。65.【答案】A【解析】根据本段的句子Itallbeginshere,bysigninguptojoinanorganization.可知，这段主要介绍了：参与一些学生的活动。故选A。【2017年各地原题及解析】1.【2017·新课标I】第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectsbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor`sbillformyson`sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.39Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A．This

time

there

was

no

tent.B．Things

are

going

to

be

improved.C．The

trip

they

took

me

on

was

a

rough

one.D．I

was

to

learn

a

lot

about

camping

since

then,

however.E．I

must

say

that

I

have

certainly

come

to

enjoy

camping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一个方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。36．D【解析】考查上下文的语境理解。根据前文可知，三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营。暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。D选项中的however就起到了很好的转折作用。其次，IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D选项中的sincethen“自从那时候起”，和前文时间吻合。故选D。37.C【解析】根据后文Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知作者第一次露营条件很艰苦，C选项Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。38.A【解析】根据前文Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡上厕所，条件很艰苦。而后文中Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.说明作者第二次露营有床有空调。A选项Thistimetherewasnotent“这次没有帐篷了”暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。39.F【解析】根据后文weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全。既然花了这么大精力，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F选项Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping“那次露营之后，我的家人开始对它感兴趣”符合语境，故选F。40.E【解析】根据后文Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E选项ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.“我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营”既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好的衔接了后文。故选E。2.【2017·全国新课标II】第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou’retryingtogetworkdone.36,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let’stakealookatthemnow.37.Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskiftheofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtosomeone,don’tdoitinyourownoffice.39.it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouareIfyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter.Excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thanwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.A.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.Whenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkzxx.kC.SetboundariesforyourselfasyourtimegoesD.Ifyou’reintheotherperson’sofficeorinapublicareaE.It’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou’llbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshirtwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot36.【答案】B【解析】根据“thereareseveralwaystohandlethings”，可知下文是关于几种防止在工作中被别人打断的方法，根据语境分析，选B。37.【答案】A【解析】根据后文“Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskiftheofyoucantalkatadifferenttime”，这一段主要是讲述，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。38.【答案】E【解析】根据横线前“havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen”安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们，再结合后文“Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions”这样做可以帮助你消除未来被打断的可能，根据句意的衔接，故选E。39.【答案】D【解析】根据后文“it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare”，此句中it指代前文“don’tdoitinyourownoffice.”，也就是说此段中作者认为比起在自己的办公室解释，不在自己的办公室更容易点。故选D40.【答案】G【解析】根据“Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.”可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选G。3.【2017·新课标III】第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock36Hereishowtomakeone.37Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreason,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafétogetcoffee.本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制定计划调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头痛的事情。36．【答案】C【解析】考察对上下文语境的理解。空前句意：事实上，早起容易的关键在于你的生物钟。空后句意：这里是如何制作一个。故这里C（一个更好的睡眠计划是有帮助的。）符合上下文，故选C。37.【答案】B【解析】本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是什么。由此推断B可以概括本段中心。38.【答案】G【解析】根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多睡15分钟，文中的aquarter-hour和选项中的15minutes呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。39.【答案】F【解析】根据段落小标题可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.和本段标题意思相同。故选F。40.【答案】E【解析】后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断该空与Ifnot对应，提出如果有效果的话如何去做。故选E。4.【2017·北京卷】第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight`s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【答案】71.C72.E、73.F74.G75.B【解析】本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。71.根据前一句Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.羊，老鼠如果不睡觉，一个月他们就死了，同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选C。72.根据前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。73.根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论，正好F项中有，故选F。74.根据下文中提到的关键词synapsesinthemice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故答案为G。75.根据后一句提到的Youkeepwhatmatters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。5.【2017·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDoMan-on-the-StreetInterviewsTheman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthesport._____31_____Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica?”_____32_____Hitthestreetswithconfidence._____33_____Say,“Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.”Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotintereste，Don’tgetdiscouraged.34Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn’tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwon’tbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.35Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don’tleaveworkwithoutthem.A.Limityourtime.B.Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite.C.Ifyoudon’townacamera,youcanbuyone.D.Fornewreporters,thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.E.Togetgoodandusefulresults,askthemthesamequestion.F.Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.G.Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana“Yes”or“No”reply.本文主要讲述了如何进行街头采访。文中给了几个小贴士来帮助那些新记者更轻松的进行街头采访，比如采访前计划好话题和问题，增强自己的信心，限制采访的时间等。31．【答案】D【解析】根据后一句“Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.”可知，以下这些小贴士会让你的采访很容易。“but”一词连接两句相反的句意，故可推测，空白处会写道采访是件很困难的事。结合选项，故选D。32．【答案】G【解析】根据前文“thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.”可知，本段讲的是在采访前需要想好话题以及和话题相关的问题，空白处前一句是一个问题，关键词“questions”，结合选项，故选G。33.【答案】B【解析】根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项B中的polite正好与其相呼应，故选B.34.【答案】A【解析】根据空格后一句“Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn’tbelongerthantenminutes.”可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A.35.【答案】F【解析】根据空格前一句“Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisabout