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AnimalScienceinEnglishObjectivestolearnscientifictermstoorallydescribescience第1页1.IntroductionLivestockproductiononfarmandranches（大牧场）todayisnotconsideredacraftoranartbysuccessfulproducers.Itisacompetitivebusinesswheremanagementdecisionsarebasedonscientificprinciples.第2页Livestockindustry

畜牧业Livestockproduction

畜牧生产Livestockproducer

养畜者，畜牧经营者Livestockfarm

畜牧场Livestockmanagement

家畜管理Livestock家畜第3页Thesameistrueinthefeedindustry（饲料工业）whereelectroniccalculatorsandautomaticblending（匀浆、混合）equipmentarereplacingthepencilandscoopshovel（勺子、铲子）.第4页Feed,foodstuff,feedstuff, feedingstuff 饲料Feedindustry

饲料工业Feedformula

饲料配方Feedformulation

饲料配合Feedprocessing

饲料加工Feedproduction

饲料生产第5页Inthemeatindustry(肉品业)assembly-line(组装流水线)smokingofbaconwithelectricallychargedsmokeparticlesisbeingtried.Meatispreservedbyrefrigeration,irradiation(辐射),andantibiotics(抗生素),ratherthaninsaltbarrels(桶)。第6页Similardevelopmentsinallphasesoftheanimalindustry(畜牧业)haveputthespotlightonscience.Spotlight:publicattentionThroughouthispoliticalcareerhe’salwaysbeeninthespotlight.第7页Menwhoworkwithlivestockarebecomingmoreobjective.Thoughmostcontinuetohaveanintensefeelingforlivestockandthelivestockindustry,thedesireforprofitclearlyexists.Objective,subjective第8页Farmanimals

(家畜)aremeat,wool,andmilkproducingfactories.Profit-mindedgrowersandfeedersmustknowtheirfactory－whatitconsistsof,howitworks,whatfactorsinfluenceit,whatcanitrunefficiently－andtheymustbeconsciousofproductquality.第9页Peoplelearnedtoutilizeanimalsveryearlyinhistory.Manyprimitivetribeshuntedwildanimalsforfood.Theyalsolearnedtomakeclothingandshelterfromanimalhides,andusedthebonesandtuskstomaketools,weapons,andornaments.第10页Ascenturiespassed,variouscivilizationsrealizedthathuntingwasanundependablemeansofobtainingfood.Animalherdsroamedovervastterritories,makinggamesparse.第11页Droughtordiseasecouldsharplyreducethepopulationofsomespecies.Huntingbecamedangerousiftheanimalbeingchaseddecidedtoattackitspursuers.第12页Domesticationofanimalsbeganveryearlyincertainpartsoftheworld.CattleraisingbeganinsouthwesternAsiaby5000B.C.Althoughmostoftenutilizedformeat,cattlealsoprovidedmilkandhides,andservedasbeastsofburden(驮畜).

第13页Domestication

驯化，驯养Domesticanimal

家畜Domesticlivestock

家畜Domesticsheep

绵羊，家绵羊第14页Horsesweredomesticatedby3500B.C.inthePersianGulfarea,andwereusedmostlyasmeansastransportation.Laterimportantspeciesincludedsheep,swine,goatsandfowls.第15页Themostcommonuseofdomesticanimalshasbeenasasourceoffood.Cattleandgoatsprovidebothmeatandmilk.Themilkisfurtherrefinedintosuchproductsascheese,butter,icecream,andyoghurt.Sheephavealsoprovidedmeatformanycountries.第16页第17页第18页IntheWesternHemisphere,Europe,andChina,swinecontributeamajorportionofthemeatsupply.Poultrysuchaschickens,turkeys,ducks,andgeese,oncedelicacies,havebecomeamajormeatsourceinmanycountries.Theyserveadualfunctionasproducersofeggsaswellasmeat.第19页Animalhideshavelongprovidedpeoplewithprotectionfromtheextremesofnature.IndiantribesoftheNorthAmericausedbuffaloanddeerhidesforshelter.

第20页Woolfromsheep,goats,andanimalslikethealpaca(驼羊)andvicuna

(骆马)ofSouthAmericahasbeenarawmaterialforclothingforthousandsofyears.Eventodayfineleathergoodsaremuchindemand.第21页Somespeciesofanimalsbecamebeastsofburden（驼畜）,andarestillusedassuchinmanypartsoftheworld.第22页Horses,donkeys,camels,llamas(美洲驼)andevenelephantswerecarryingheavyloadslongbeforetrucksandtrainsappeared.Mostofthesespeciesalsoserveasmeansofhumantransportation.第23页Farmersalsofoundthatcertainanimalswerewell-suitedtopullingimplementswhichpreparedthesoilforplantingandharvestingcrops.Horsesandcattlehavebeenthemostpopularworkanimals.ThewaterbuffaloisaparticulartypeofcattlecommonlyusedasasourceofpowerinAsia.第24页InNorthAmerica,livestockbreedersfoundthatthematingofahorsewithadonkeyproducedahybridcalledamule,ananimalwhichwasexceptionallywell-suitedtopullingfarmimplementsorcarryingheavyloads.第25页Agoodteamofoxenormulesmaybeasmallfarmer’ssinglemostimportantinvestment.第26页Breeder

育种者，畜牧生产者Livestockbreeders

畜牧生产者Breeding

育种，配种Breedinganimal

种畜Breedingfarm

育种场Breedingcycle

繁殖周期第27页LivestockLivestockproductionLivestockindustryLivestockbreedersLivestockproduc