讲殖民地时期美国文学

新年快乐美国文学简史（常耀信版）教师：滑彦立ASurveyofAmericanLiteratureTableofContentsIntroductionBriefOutlineofAmericanLiteratureChapterIColonialPeriod

IntroductionI.Introductionofthecourse1.Status:survey;history2.Target:literaryknowledge;methodandabilityofappreciationII.HowtodefineAmericanLiterature1.AmericanliteratureistheliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitizens.2.BasicqualitiesofAmericanWriters:

independentindividualisticcriticalinnovative[‘inəuveitiv]

humorous

BriefOutlineofAmericanliterature1.Colonialperiod(1607-1775)

AnneBradstreet

EdwardTaylor2.Revolutionaryperiod(1775-1783)

BenjaminFranklin

ThomasPainePhilipFreneau3.Romanticism(1820-1861)

WashingtonIrving

EdgarAllanPoe

NathanielHawthorne

WilliamWhitman

*Transcendentalism

*(NewEnglandRenaissance)

RalphWaldoEmerson

FillipThoreau4.TheAgeofRealism(1861-1914)

MarkTwain

HenryJames5.AmericanNaturalism(1900-1914)

StephenCrane

TheodoreDreiser6.The1920s

T.S.Eliot

WilliamFaulkner

ErnestHemingway

(LostGeneration)

Imagism:

EzraPoundBriefOutlineofAmericanliterature7.The1930s

Steinbeck

HarlemRenaissance

(BlackAmericanliterature)

Hughes

Wright

Ellison8.AmericanDrama

EugeneO’Neill9.ThePost-warScene

SaulBellow

Salinger

Poetry:

ConfessionalPoetry

BlackMountainPoets

SanFranciscoRenaissance

TheBeatGeneration

TheNewYorkPoetsThePartI

ColonialandRevolutionaryperiod

第一部分殖民时期和革命时期（第一章——第二章）ThePartII

Romanticism第二部分美国的浪漫主义文学（第三章）ThePartIIITranscendentalism(NewEnglandRenaissance)第三部分超验主义（第四章——第七章）ThePartIVTheAgeofRealism第四部分现实主义时期（第八章——第十章）ThePartV1920s第五部分20世纪20年代美国文学（第十一章——第十六章）ThePartVIAfter1930s第六部分20世纪三十年代以来的美国文学（第十七章——第十九章）ThePartVIIPostwar

二战后的当代文学第七部分现当代美国文学（第二十章——第二十六章）ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)ChapterOneI.HistoricalIntroduction1.people:Indianswerenativeinhabitants.NowAmericansaremainlyimmigrantsmostlyfromEurope,esp.fromEngland.2.earlyhistory:1)AmericawasfirstdiscoveredbyColumbusattheendofthe15thcentury.2)In1607,CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean(Jamestown,Virginia)3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland”.(Plymouth,Massachusetts)3.

WhatisthePuritan?(p7-9)

Puritans（清教徒）:TheyareonedivisionofEnglishProtestant.TheyregardedthereformationofthechurchunderElizabethasincomplete,andcalledforfurtherpurification.The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts:SeparatistsandMassachusettsBayGroup.Theirreligiousdoctrinesareoriginalsin,totaldepravity,predestinationandlimitedatonement(orthesalvationofaselectedfew)throughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.TheyregardedthemselvesaschosenpeopleofGod.TheyweremeanttoreestablishacommonwealthbasedontheteachingsoftheBible,restorethelostparadise,andbuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEden.Theyopposedartsandpleasure.Theysuspectjoyandlaughterassymptomsofsin.TheyareopposedtomysticismandpantheismbecausethesetendedtodestroythetranscendenceofGod.

WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica?

(1)

toreformtheChurchofEngland

(2)tohaveanentirelynewchurch

(3)toescapereligiouspersecution

*God’schosenpeople

*ToseekanewGardenofEden

*Tobuild“CityofGodonearth”PuritanscametoAmericaoutofvariousreasons,butitshouldberememberedthattheywereagroupofserious,religiouspeople,advocatinghighlyreligiousandmoralprinciples.Itistruethattheywishedtoescapereligiouspersecution—andtheEnglishgovernmentregardeditsAmericancolonyasanidealdumpinggroundfortheundesirables,buttheywerealsodeterminedtofindaplacewheretheycouldworshipinthewaytheythoughttrueChristiansshould.

They

regarded

themselvesasGod'schosenpeople,theyweremeanttoreestablishacommonwealthbasedontheteachingsoftheBible,restorethelostparadise,andbuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEden.5.

WhatisthePuritanism?PuritanismisareligiousandpoliticalmovementthatdevelopedinEnglandaboutthemiddleofthe16thcenturyandlaterspreadinfluenceintotheNewEnglandinAmerica.PuritanismwasalogicalaftermathoftheRenaissance,theReformation,theestablishmentoftheChurchofEngland,andthegrowthofPresbyterianism(a.[宗]长老会(制)的).Throughthesemovements,oneseesemergingtherightoftheindividualtopoliticalandreligiousindependence.

AmericanPuritanismPuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.ThefirstsettlerswhobecamethefoundingfathersoftheAmericannationwerequiteafewofthemPuritans.Itisareligiousandpoliticalmovement.Throughit,oneseesemergingtherightoftheindividualtopoliticalandreligiousindependence.Asacultureheritage(n.遗产，继承物，传统),Puritanismdidhaveaprofound(a.深度的深远的；见解深刻的；深奥的)influenceontheearlyAmericanmind.AmericanPuritanismalsohadanenduring(持久的)influenceonAmericanliterature.

Ithasbecome,tosomeextent,somuchastateofmind,ratherthanasetoftenets,apartofthenationalculturalatmospherethattheAmericansbreathe,thatwemaystatewithadegreeofsafetythat,withoutsomeunderstandingofPuritanism,therecanbenorealunderstandingofAmericancultureandliterature.

AmericanPuritanismhasbeen,byandlarge,ahealthylegacytotheAmericans.6.PuritanisminAmerica

Doctrines:

-Predestination(注定)-Originalsinandtotaldepravity(humanbeingsarebasicallyevil.)

-Limitedatonement(ortheSalvationofaselectedfew)（赎罪，弥补）(2)Puritanvalues(creeds):

Hardwork,thrift(节俭),piety(虔诚),sobriety（节制,清醒),simpletastes.

Puritansaremorepractical,tougher,andtobeeverreadyforanymisfortuneandtragicfailure.

Theyareoptimistic.7.Influence(1)AmericanPuritanismwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluences

inAmerican

thoughtandAmericanliterature.(2)Americanliterature

isbasedon

amyth,i.e.theBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEden.(3)PuritanismcanbecomparedwithChineseConfucianism[kən'fju:ʃənizm]

.4.Theyheldextremeopinions.5.TheAmericanPuritan’smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionwaschiefinstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.6.ThesimplicitycharacterizesthePuritanstyleifwriting.II.EarlyAmericanWritersandPoets1.Historicalnarratives

:

1)CaptainJohnSmith---firstAmericanwriter;OneofthefoundersofthefirstcolonyJamestown;“ATrueRelationofVirginia”《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》：thedescriptionofNewEngland

Hiscontributions:TherewasthefamousJohnSmith'sdescriptionofNewEnglandasapromisingvirginland,whichcametotheattentionofmanypeopleinEnglandandEuropeanddrewmanyofthemovertotheNewWorld.2)WilliamBradford:firstgovernorofPlymouth,

TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation《普利茅斯殖民史》simplicity,earnestness,directreporting,readable,moving.2.Sermonsandspeeches,PuritanWritersJohnWinthrop:thefirstgovernoroftheMassachusettsBayColony,AModelofChristianCharity《基督教仁爱的典范》TwoPoets:

1)AnneBradstreet:“TenthMuse”inAmerica;

“Contemplations”《沉思》

;“ToMyDearandLovingHusband”《致我亲爱的丈夫》and“InReferencetoHerChildren,”“TheFleshandtheSpirit”《灵魂和肉体》

2)EdwardTaylor:“Huswifery,”《家务》JohnSmith(1580-1631)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasanEnglish

soldier,sailor,andauthorHeisrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaatJamestown,Virginia.HewasaleaderoftheVirginia佛吉尼亚州

Colony(basedatJamestown)betweenSeptember1608andAugust1609,andledanexplorationalongtheriversofVirginiaandtheChesapeakeBay.切萨皮克湾[ChesapeakeBay]

美国东部大西洋沿岸的海湾。南段在弗吉尼亚，北段在马里兰，长311千米，宽5～40千米面积约8,365平方千米。有多条河流注入，其中包括萨斯奎汉纳河、帕塔克森特河、波托马克河和詹姆斯河。詹姆斯敦是海湾区的第一个欧洲人居住区，建于1607年。一年后，J.史密斯船长探测并绘制了海湾及其各河口的地图。切萨皮克湾的水域有丰富的海洋生物，但到20世纪70年代，周围地区的开发使得海湾的污染严重，捕鱼量急遽下降。为了弥补损失政府已采取了各种措施。2.HisliteraryachievementsHeisthefirstAmericanWriter.Hisfirstliteraryworkcomesfrompartofaletterwith