2013年广西成人教育学士学位英语考试指引-翻译专题练习

Wushu,orChinesemartialart,canbetracedbacktoancienttimes.ItisagemfoChinesetraditionalculture.TheChineseWushuAssociationandinternationalWushuFederationhavebeenworkingveryhardtopopularizewushuandmaketheChinesemartialartclosertotheOlympicMovement.WushuwasacceptedtojoinbowlingandinternationalstandarddanceasanOlympicdemonstrationevent.Theboomingofwushuisattributednotonlytotheattractivenessofthesportbutalsotoemigrantchinesewushumastersovertheyears.Martialartistsoftheoldergenerationshavesownwushuseedsinforeigncountries.Wushu,whichcanbeusedasselfdefenseandcankeeppractitionersfitandstrong,soonbecamepopularonnewlands.Todaysuperbwushumastersareactiveallovertheworldandamateursareontheincreasewitheachpassingday.翻译：武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种与宝龄球运动和国际标准舞有同等地位的奥运表演项目。武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。Chineseisoftentermedaveryoldlanguage.Allhumanlanguagesgobacktothedimuncertaintyofprehistory,FivethousandyearsagotheancestorsofChinesepeoplespokeanearlyformofChineselanguageinmuchthesamewaythattheancestorsofEnglish-speakingpeoplewereusinganearlyformoftheEnglishlanguage.however,Chineseisindeedaveryoldlanguage.TheearliestwrittenformsofChineseinexistencetodaydatebacknearly4,000yearsT.hesewritingsareincisionsonbonesandtortoiseshell.Mostoftheinscriptionsareoracular,dealingmostlywithpoliticalandreligiousevents,orwithweatherorwarfare.Chinesehasanabundanceofancientwritingsthatreachbackcontinuouslyintimefurtherthanthewritingsofanyotherlanguageintheworld.SomeoftheearliestwrittenChinesecharacterswerequitepictographic.翻译：汉语常被认为是一种非常古老的语言。人类所有的语言都可以追溯到朦胧的史前时期。5000年前华夏祖先说汉语的方法同说英语人士的祖先说英语的方式大致相似。然而，汉语确实也是一种很古老的语言。今天所存留下来的最早的汉字已有近4000年的历史。这些文字均为甲骨雕文。大部分铭文为神谕圣旨，内容大都与政治时间和宗教活动有关，有些则是关于天气和战争的记录。汉语有丰富的古代文字作品，源远流长，远非其他一种语言的文字可以与之媲美。一些最古老的文字属象形文字。Pizzaisprobablythemostgloballyrecognizablefoodtoday.Itistheresultofatransformationdevelopedoverthecenturies.Theancestorofpizzaisthesimplebread.Itdominateshistoryasoneofthemostusedfoodsforthepoorwhowereforcedtoeatonlycerealsandthefewproductsthatnaturewasoffering.Theyusedtheirownimaginationandfantasytocreatesomethingtastefulfortheirmeals.Barleywasthemostcommoningredientusedtopreparebreadthefirstbreadtotaketheformofthepizza.thegrainswerecrushed,mixedwithwaterandflatteneddownonaroundthinpan.Thentheywerecookedoverred-hotstones.Laterwheatfloursubstitutedtheothercereals,becomingthestandardgrainused.Throughthecenturiespizzatookitsowncourseanddevelopedintothedishthatweknowtoday.翻译：比萨饼也许是当今世界上最知名的食品了。它的演变与发展经历了好几个世纪。比萨饼的雏形就是一般的面包，作为穷人最常吃的食物之一，面包在历史上占有重要的地位，因为过去他们只能以谷类和大自然馈赠的几种农作物为生。他们发挥想象力尽可能将其制作成可口的东西。大麦是做面包最常用的原料，最早的比萨壮面包也是用它制作的。人们将大麦碾成粉，和上水，在薄薄的平底锅上摊平，然后用烧红的石头烘烤。后来小麦粉替代了其他谷物，成为比萨饼的标准原料。经历了几个世纪，比萨饼逐渐发展成为我们现在熟知的样子。Wedon'thavetolookoutsidethehometoseethechanges.ThemodernAmericanfamilyentertainsitselfinwaystheCleaverswouldneverhavedreamedof.Thirtyyearsago,familiesgatheredaroundaradioeachevening.Later,televisiontookover.Mostfamilieshadjustoneset,whichtheywatchedtogether.Today,televisionandcomputersbringadizzyingarrayofentertainmentintothehome.CabletelevisionprovideseverythingfromaerobicsclassestoShakespeare.VCRsexpandthechoicesevenmore.Ifthere'snothinggoodonnetworkTVorcable,thevideostoreoffersthebestandworstofHollywood:recentmovies,cartoons,"adult"films,exerciseprograms,travel,sports,how-totapes.Computergames,whichmakeviewerspartoftheaction,alsoprovideexcitement.PlayerscancompeteintheOlympics,searchoutaliens,orwipeoutentirecivilizationsontheirlittlescreens.翻译：我们不必走出家门去有什么变化，当今美国家庭的娱乐方式是克立弗家无从想象的。30年前，家家户户每天晚上围坐着听收音机，后来电视机取而代之。大多数家庭只有一台电视机，全家人一起收看。如今，电视机和电脑将多得令人目眩的娱乐活动带入家庭。有线电视播出的节目从有氧操到莎士比亚戏剧无所不有。录象机更是扩大了选择性。要是网络电视和有线电视没有中意的节目，录象制品商店可提供好莱坞制作的品质迥异的各类节目：新近发行的电影、动画片、成人电影、体育锻炼节目、旅游、运动以及入门指南录象带。让收看人参与其中的电脑游戏也提供了相当的刺激。游戏者能在奥运会上施展身手，寻找外星人，或者在小小的屏幕上摧毁整个文明国家。Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthy.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher（肉商）,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus（剩余的）breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted-naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...翻译：冰箱被看成是必需品，从20世纪60年代就是这样了，那时包装好的食品首次出现了“存放于冰箱”的标签。我的童年是没有冰箱的，50年代，我吃得既好又健康，牛奶工人每天都来，杂货商，肉商，面包师和卖冰激凌的人每周来两到三次，星期天的肉可以吃到星期三，剩下的面包和牛奶变成了各种各样的蛋糕。什么也没有浪费，我们也从不为腐烂的食品发愁。送食物上门已经停了30年，全国几乎都找不到了新鲜蔬菜了。冰箱的发明对食物的保存工艺帮助很小。早已经有许多屡经试验的储存技术了—自然冷却、风干、熏制、盐腌、糖渍、瓶装。AftertheviolentearthquakethatshooklosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Thedamageanddeathtollcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,andearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1998claimed25,000victims.InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.Onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity'shighway.Inadditiocnh,angesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity'sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.Despitethegoodnews,civilengineersaren'trestingontheirsuccesses.pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprintsforimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesofentakeplace.翻译：1994年洛杉矶发生了强烈地震之后，地震学家报告了一个可喜的消息：死伤人数本来就会很高，而实际上却相对较少。在这场地震中死了60多人，相比之下，1988年美国那一次强度地震竟有25000人丧生。在洛杉矶地震中，死伤人数之所以相对较小，是因为这场地震发生在一个假日的凌晨4点31分，当时城里的公路上车辆不多。此外，在过去的20年中，对洛杉矶的建设规定做了修改，加固了该城市的建筑和公路，使它们的抗震能力提高了。尽管有这些好消息，城建工程师并没有安于成果，止步不前。它们的绘图板上钉着提高抗震能力的建筑物蓝图，新的设计要能给常常发生地震的城市提供更大的安全保障。Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddrought干旱）arecausingdistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld 'spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.Butthatdoesn 'thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.翻译：在全世界可利用的水中，人类使用的还略少于一半。可是，缺水和旱灾多次发生，导致某些地区的饥荒和贫困，而工业、农业废渣、废水还在污染着水源。由于世界人口预期在未来50年内会翻一番，许多专家认为，我们已经处于广为扩散的淡水危机边缘。但是其结果未必就是如此，要是我们从现在开始，比过去更为珍惜水资源，则世界不一定会为缺水而困扰。正如在20世界70年代石油危机之后我们更为珍惜石油一样，我们现在也必须以新的经济视角来看待水了，我们再也没有足够的水，能让我们认为水本来就是一种免费的资源，我们想用多少就用多少，想怎样用就怎样用了。IknewthatIwouldfinallybemakingmyparentshappy.Bothcollegegraduates,theywantedmetobeonealso.theytoldmeforyearsabouttheadvantagesofacollegedegreeoverahighschooldiploma.Icanstillhearmymothersaying,“gotocollegeandgetadegree.Youneedadegreenow,andbesides,you'llbeproudofyourself.T”heywerepersistentbutnotdemanding,andallowedmemyyearofdiscovery,ifIwanteditIhaveonemorereasonforcomingtoschool—myself.IwanttofeelbetteraboutmyselfandmoreoptimisticwhenIlooktothefuture.Ihaveseenmyparentsstrugglefortheirdegreeswhileraisingsixchildren,andIhaveseenhowmuchtheireffortimprovedourstandardofliving.Beingyoungerthantheywerewhentheystarted,andwithoutanyoneyettotakecareof,Ishouldbeabletomakegooduseofmytimerightnowandmakeabetterlife.翻译：我知道我最终会令我父母开心。他们两人都是大学毕业生，因此也希望我能成为他们中的一员，多年来她们一直向我灌输大学文凭比高中毕业证具有更大的优势。我至尽仍能听到妈妈这样劝说我：“去上大学拿个学位吧。你现在需要一个学位，以后你会为此感到骄傲的。”他们一直这么劝说，但并不强迫我，同时，如果我有意愿，他们也愿意让我自己去想清楚。我回到学校的另一个原因是为了我自己。我希望在我展望未来的时候，自己更自信、更乐观。我曾亲眼目睹我的父母在抚养6个孩子的同时为获取文凭而努力奋斗，也见证了他们通过努力，大大改善了我们家的生活。我如今比他们起步时更年轻，也无后顾之忧，因此，我应该好好利用现在的时光去创造更加美好的生活。Whydoyouteach?Whydoyouteach？MyfriendaskedthequestionwhenItoldhimthatIdidn'twanttobeconsideredforanadministrativeposition.HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantwhatwasobviouslya"stepup"towardwhatallAmericansaretaughttowantwhentheygrowup,moneyandpower.CertainlyIdon'tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme,teachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving:mechanic,carpenter,writer.forme,teachingisared-eye,sweaty-palm,sinking-stomachprofession.Red-eyebecauseIneverfeelreadytoteach,nomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.Sweaty-palmbecauseI'malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.翻译：我告诉一位朋友我不想谋求行政职务时，他向我提出这样一个问题：你为什么要教书呢？美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该去追求金钱和权利，而我却偏偏不朝这个方向“发展”，这使他大惑不解。当然，我之所以教书并不是因为做教师轻松，为了谋生，我做过各种各样的工作：机修工、车工、作家，可教书是最难的行业。就我而言，教书是个令人熬红眼睛，手掌出汗、精神沮丧的职业。说它是熬红眼睛的职业，是因为我晚上无论备课到多晚，总觉得准备的不够充分：说它是令人手掌出汗的职业，是因为我进教室前总是紧张不己，认为学生会发现我原来是个笨蛋；说它是令人精神沮丧的职业，是因为我走出教室一小时后，仍觉得这堂课上得比平常还要平淡无奇。Formanyseniorcitizens,theyearsafterage65arenotenjoyable.Theymayfeelunproductivewhennolongerwork.Theirliveslosemeaning.Inaddition,theymayfeellonelybeingawayfromtheirfamiliesandthecontactstheyhadintheirwork.Moreover,theybecomemoreconcernedwiththeirhealthastheygrowolder.Iftheyliveinbigcities,theyoftenworryabouttheirsafety.WhileOtherseniorcitizensenjoytheirlives.Theyfeelfreetodothingstheywerenotabletodowhentheywereworkingandraisingfamilies.Theynowhavetimetoenjoyhobbiesandsportsandtravel.Theyassociatewiththeirfellowseniorcitizenswhohavecommoninterestsandequalfreetime.Someseniorcitizenscontinuetoworkbeyondretirementage.Manyfindnewcareersandprofessionalopportunitiesaftertheyretire.翻译：很多老年人并不享受65岁之后的生活，停止工作后他们觉得自己毫无贡献，生活也失去了意义。此外，远离家人和以前工作的同事也让他们觉得孤单。年纪渐长，他们越来越担心自己的健康，居住在大城市的老年人还很担心自己的安全问题。不过，也有一些老人很享受这种生活，以前因为要工作养家没有时间做的事情现在可以做了，有足够的时间去发展自己的爱好，还可以锻炼身体和旅游。他们会和其他兴趣相投，也同样自由的老人来往。有些人过了退休年龄还继续工作，很多人都在退休之后找到了新的事业发展机会。Computernetworkshaveenabledustocommunicatefreelybyelectronicmailswithpeoplefromallovertheworld.IttakesonlyafewsecondstoGetamessageacrosswithacostsubstantiallylowerthanthatofregularmail.Also,anenormousamountofinformationcanbeaccessiblethroughtheInternet.Afantasticnewworldwillbeopentousjustbydouble-clickingthemouse.However,ifnotmanagedproperly,computernetworkcancreatemanyproblemstoo.Sometimeswespendtoomuchtimesortingoutthejunkmailsjammedinourmailbox.Furthermore,computernetworkhasbecomesoindispensableforpersonalcontactandpublicservicesthatoncetheroutinefunctioningofthesystemisdi