人教版（2023） 必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 练习 （含答案3份打包）

第第页人教版（2023）必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters练习（含答案，3份打包）Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingforWriting—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2023）必修第一册课时分层练

【夯实基础】

知识点1名词的用法

1.OnMarch8,thethree-foottallrobotmadeitsfirst_____(deliver)tosomeluckyresidentsinBrisbane,Australia.

2.Tilltheyear1957,theGoldenGateBridge,ata_____(long)of2,737metres,wasthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.

3.Ithinkhigherfoodpricesarenotalwaystheresultoflimited_________(supply).

知识点2介词的用法

4.Theyencouragedhimandaidedhim_________hisscientificstudies.

5.Therewassimplynocash___________handtomeetthecostoffood.

【提升能力】

6.他的话让我们都大笑起来。

Allofus____________________bywhathesaid.

7.我们正在爬山,突然开始下雨了。

We__________thehill_______________torain.

8.他说只要他们不违反规则,他仍然会支持他们。

Hesaidhewouldstillsupportthem,_______________theydidn'tbreaktherules.

9.这场大雪有望在午夜结束,明天天气会放晴。

Theheavysnow_______________endatmidnightandtheweatherwillclearuptomorrow.

10.因此,他们可能会变得近视,或者他们会发现很难集中精力在功课上。

Asaresult,theymaybecomeshort-sightedortheywillfind__________toconcentrateontheirschoolwork.

【综合素养】

11.Earthquakecanstrikewithoutwarning.Butmanyinjuriesanddeathsfromthiskindofnaturaldisastercanbepreventedifpeoplefollowthesesafetytips.

Ifyou'reinsideabuilding,staythere!Oneofthemostdangerousthingstodoinanearthquakeistotrytoleaveabuilding.①_____Droptotheground.Getundersomethingthatisnoteasilydamaged.Holdontoituntiltheshakingstops.Youcanalsogettoacomerformedbytwowallswithyourarmsoveryourhead.Ifyou'reinbedwhentheearthquakehits,staythereandprotectyourheadwithapillow.

②_____Don'ttakeshelterundertrees,streetlights,electricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredriving,stopasquicklyaspossibleandstayawayfromoverpasses(立交桥),buildings,bridgesoranythingelsethatmightfallorcollapsebeneathyou.③_____

Ifyouaretrappedinruins,coveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforapieceofcloth.Useyourcellphonetocallforhelpifpossible.Don'tshout.④_____Taponapipeorthewallsorescuerscanfindyou.

Bepreparedforaftershocks.⑤_____However,sometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.Therefore,ifyouarenotinasafeplaceafterthefirstshock,youshouldmovequicklybutcarefullytoasaferplace.

A.Don'tmoveaboutorkickupdust.

B.Ifyou'reoutside,gotoanopenspace.

C.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindust.

D.Don'tparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.

E.Takeagoodholdofyourcellphoneinthebuilding.

F.Theycanhappeninthefirsthoursaftertheearthquake.

G.Mostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.

12.InlateMarch,stormsandrapidtemperatureshiftsinseveralMidwesternstatesledtounexpectedflooding.ForNebraska,itwastheworstdisasterinthestate'shistory:76of93countieshavehadtoapplyforaid,withdamageapproximately$1.3billion.Manyfamiliesarereceivingassistanceforrepairstohomes,farms,andinfrastructure(基础设施).

AlthoughithasbeenadestructivetimeforMidwesternfarmcounties,manyvolunteershavejoinedindespitethedangers.ForvolunteerLynnCaniglia,thefeelingthatcomesfrom"helpingfamilies"isallthepaymentsheneeds.

AnothergirlcalledJeanieGoodhiletalkedaboutherefforts.SheraiseddisabledanimalsonherfarminValley,Nebraska.Thefloodsruinedherlandandnearlykilledallsheowned."Whenthewatercame,Ihad20minutestosaveallofmyanimals,"Goodhilesaid."WhenIattemptedtogetsomeanimalsoutoftheirpens(畜栏),theywouldn'tcomeout."AcrosstheMidwest,threepeopleandmorethan2.3millionanimalsdiedintheflooding.Goodhileisgratefulforthefirstvolunteerswhoriskedtheirlivestosaveothers.

VolunteersfromasfarawayasOhioandNorthCarolinarescuedpeopletrappedandarenowprovidingsuppliestothoseinneedandhelpingtorebuild."Iassesshomestoseeifthey'resafetoliveinafterallofthedamage,"saidvolunteerSteveMetcalph."Severalstepsneedtobetakentoensurethatahouseissafeandhabitableafterflooding.Cleaningoutahomeandmakingrepairsafterflooddamagecanbeatough,complexprocess.Roads,bridges,andhighwayswerealsodamaged.Mostofthehighwaysandroadshavereopened,butnearlyonemillionhomesarestillawaitingclean-ups."

1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNebraska'ssituationinlateMarch

A.Terrible.B.Changeable.C.Pleasant.D.Effective.

2.WhathappenedtoJeanieGoodhile'sfarm

A.Hereffortstosavesomeanimalswereinvain.

B.Theflooddidn'tkillanyanimalonthefarm.

C.Therewasnovolunteertohelpsavethefarm.

D.Shehadnotimetosavetheanimalsonthefarm.

3.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A.Survivorsintheflood

B.Ajointefforttosaveanimals

C.Thegovernment'sgreatcontributions

D.Volunteershelpingvictimsthroughflood

答案以及解析

1.答案：delivery

2.答案：length

3.答案：supplies

4.答案：in

5.答案：on

6.答案：weremadetolaugh

7.答案：wereclimbing;whenitbegan

8.答案：aslongas

9.答案：isexpectedto

10.答案：itdifficult

11.答案：①-⑤GBDCF

解析：①根据空前的两句可知,发生地震时最危险的事情之一是试图从建筑物里逃出来,因此此空应介绍这样做的后果,即容易受伤。故选G。

②根据空后的undertrees,streetlights,electricpolesortallbuildings可知这里说的是室外的情况,因此设空处的内容应该是:要是在室外,去一个宽阔的地方。故选B。

③前面谈论的是驾驶时发生地震需要如何做,此空承接上句,应该说明不要把车停在树下或高大的物体下面。故选D。

④本段主要谈论的是如果被困在废墟中该如何做.根据空前的Don'tshout.可知后一句应该是解释大声喊会带来什么后果。故选C。

⑤根据空后的However,sometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.可知前面要说的是余震可能会在地震后几小时内发生。故选F。

12.答案：1-3AAD

解析：1.细节理解题.根据文章第一段可知,三月下旬内布拉斯加州遭遇了洪水灾害,当时的情况是十分糟糕和悲惨的,terrible意为"糟糕的"。故选A。

2.细节理解题.根据第三段中WhenIattemptedtogetsomeanimalsoutoftheirpens(畜栏),theywouldn'tcomeout.可知,她想从畜栏里救出一些动物,可是它们不愿出来,由此可知,她的努力白费了。故选A。

3.主旨大意题.通读全文可知,本文主要讲在洪水来临时志愿者帮助那些受难者(包括人和动物)渡过难关,D项作为标题最合适。故选D。

2Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2023）必修第一册课时分层练

【夯实基础】

知识点1名词的用法

1.Knowingwhatnottodoinan_____(emergent)isasimportantasknowingwhattodo.

2.Havingbeenpredictedonedayahead,thevolcanic_____(erupt)didn'tdosomuchdamage.

知识点2介词的用法

3.Afterwegottothecampingsite,weput_____ourtentandbegantosleepinit.

4.Dictionariesareagreataid_____learninglanguages.

5.Wewillgobacktonormalwhenthingscalm_____.

【提升能力】

6.将两个分句合并成一个带有定语从句的复合句

Theyoungmanwantstobuyacar.Thecar'scolorisblack.

_____________________________________________________

7.将两个分句合并成一个带有定语从句的复合句

Thegirlisourmonitor.Sheisplayingthepianooverthere.

_____________________________________________________

8.将两个分句合并成一个带有定语从句的复合句

Wevisitedthesinger.Wealllikeherperformancesverymuch.

_____________________________________________________

9.将两个分句合并成一个带有定语从句的复合句

DoyouseethebridgeItwasbuiltlastyear.

_____________________________________________________

10.使用定语从句将所给的两个句子合并成一个句子

Thegirliswelldressed.Sheisateacherinourschool.

_____________________________________________________

【综合素养】

11.Causesofsandstorms

Indesertareas,sandstormsaremostcommonlycausedbyeitherthunderstormoutflows(外流)orstrongpressuregradients(气压梯度)whichcauseanincreaseinwindspeedoverawidearea.Insomecases,dustandsandmaysetalimittoashallowdepthbyalow-lyingtemperaturechange.①_________Droughtisanothercauseofsandstorms.Poorfarmingpracticesmakedustandsandfreeofprotectionfromthewind.②_________Asandstormcantransportandcarrylargeamountsofsand.Desertsarethekeysourceofsandstorms.Saharansandstormshaveincreasedabout10timesduringthehalfcenturysincethe1950s,causingtopsoil(表土层)lossinnearbycountries.③_________

Sandstormshavealsobeenshowntoincreasethespreadofdiseaseacrosstheglobe.Virusesinthedustareblownintotheatmospherebythestorms.Somediseasesmaynotbeurgentattheverybeginning,buttheycandevelopintodeadlyonesifleftuntreated.④_________

Sandstormscausesoillossfromthedryland,doingharmtoagriculture.Sandstormsalsoreducevisibility,affectingairplanesandroadtransportation.⑤_________

Dustcanalsohavegoodeffects.CentralandSouthAmericanrainforestsgetmostoftheirmineralnutrientsfromtheSahara;iron-pooroceanregionsgetiron.

A.Thisisoneoftheeffectsofsandstorms.

B.Badresultsarecausedbysandstorms.

C.Drylandfarmingisoneofthemostseriouspractices.

D.Peopleknowlittleabouttheeffectsaboutsandstorms.

E.Inothercases,dustmaybeblownashighas6,100metershigh.

F.Forexample,abreathingproblemcanleadtolungcancer,whiledryeyesleadtoblindness.

G.Inaddition,sandstormsalsodiscouragevisitorsfromvisitingtheseplaces,strikingtourism.

12.Onthedaythetornadohit,therewasnosignthatfierceweatherwasonitsway—theskywasblueandthesunhadbeenout.Thefirstwarningmyhusband,Jimmy,67,andI,65,gotcamearound9p.m.,fromsometextontheTVJimmywaswatching.Heranupstairstofindmeinourthird-floorbedroom,andwechangedthechannelfromthenationaltelevisiontoourlocalPensacola,Florida,station.

Soonthetornadowasontopofus.ItwastheloudestthingIhadeverheard.Thebonesofthehouseshook,andthepowerwentout.Andthewindbegantoroar(咆哮)throughthehouse,mostlikelythroughblown-outwindowsandthedoortoourgarage.Everythingwasmoving.Andthebackwallofthehousecameoffandflewintothedarknessoutside.Wehadthreeflightsofstepstogettothestoreroomdownthere,therelativesafetyofthefirstfloor.

Ididn'tknowhoworifwewouldmakeitdownthesteps.Itfeltasiftherewerenofloorunderneathmeasthewindliftedmeoffmyfeet.Aswefinallyreachedthelastflightofsteps,ourfrontdoorwasblownout.Suddenly,athree-foot-longtreebranchflewoverourheads,missingusbyinches.

BythetimeIreachedthestoreroom,thetornadohadbeenoverusforaboutaminute.Jimmypushedmedowntothestoreroomfloor,buthecouldn'tgetinsidehimselfbecauseofthewind.IheldJimmy'sarmasthetornadoblewthedooropen.Mykneeswerefullofglass,butIfeltnopain.IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutthebackofthehouse.

Allofasudden,Jimmyliftedoffhisfeet.Ithoughthewasgone.Andtheneverythingstopped.Helandedonhisfeet.Inthosefirstquietmoments,Icouldn'tbelieveitwasover.Ourneighborsaidthestormlastedfourminutes.Inthattime,fourofthetwelvetownhousesinourunitwerecompletelydestroyed.Amazingly,noneofuswereseriouslyinjured.

1.Wheredidthecouplelearnaboutthecomingfierceweather

A.Fromthedarksky.B.Fromthenationaltelevision.

C.Fromthelocalnewsreport.D.Fromthetextsentbytheirneighbors.

2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2aboutthecouple

A.Theywerehitbyatreebranch.B.Theytriedtogetoutofthehouse.

C.Theirgaragewasblowntopieces.D.Theirhousewasbadlydestroyed.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutJimmywhentheauthorreachedthestoreroom

A.Hewasingreatdanger.B.Heflewoutofthehouse.

C.Hewasseriouslyinjured.D.Hegotinsidethestoreroom.

答案以及解析

1.答案：emergency

2.答案：eruption

3.答案：up

4.答案：in

5.答案：down

6.答案：Theyoungmanwantstobuyacarwhosecolorisblack.

7.答案：Thegirlwhoisplayingthepianooverthereisourmonitor.

8.答案：Wevisitedthesingerwhoseperformanceswealllikeverymuch.

9.答案：Doyouseethebridgewhich/thatwasbuiltlastyear

10.答案：Thegirlwho/thatiswelldressedisateacherinourschool.

11.答案：ECAFG

解析：①由上文Insomecases,dust...可知E项Inothercases,dustmaybeblownashighas6,100metershigh.(在其他情况下,灰尘可能会被吹到高达6,100米高。)承接上文。故选E。

②上文提示"糟糕的耕作方式使灰尘和沙子无法防风。",由此可知,C项Drylandfarmingisoneofthemostseriouspractices.(旱地农业是最严重的做法之一。)承接上文。故选C。

③上文提示"沙漠是沙尘暴的主要来源。自20世纪50年代以来的半个世纪,撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘暴增加了10倍,导致附近国家的土壤流失。"。A项Thisisoneoftheeffectsofsandstorms.(这是沙尘暴的影响之一。)切题。故选A。

④上文提示"有些疾病在最开始的时候可能并不紧急,但如果不及时治疗,它们可能会发展成致命的疾病。",F项Forexample,abreathingproblemcanleadtolungcancer,whiledryeyesleadtoblindness.(例如,呼吸问题可能会导致肺癌,而干眼症可能会导致失明。)承接上文。故选F。

⑤上文提示"沙尘暴也降低了能见度,影响了飞机和公路运输。",G项Inaddition,sandstormsalsodiscouragevisitorsfromvisitingtheseplaces,strikingtourism.(此外,沙尘暴还阻碍游客参观这些地方,冲击旅游业。)承接上文,该项中的Inaddition使上下文紧密相连。故选G。

12.答案：1-3.CDA

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的fromsometextontheTVJimmywaswatching...andwechangedthechannelfromthenationaltelevisiontoourlocalPensacola,Florida,station.可知,和丈夫是从当地的新闻报道中得知龙卷风的消息的。故选C。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的mostlikelythroughblown-outwindowsandthedoortoourgarage...Andthebackwallofthehousecameoffandflewintothedarknessoutside.可知,他们的房子损坏严重。故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据第四段末句IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutthebackofthehouse.可知Jimmy处于危险之中。故选A。

2Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingandThinking—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2023）必修第一册课时分层练

【夯实基础】

知识点1名词的用法

1.ItiswellknownthatancientGreecewasafountainof_____(wise)andphilosophy.

2.Inhislifehesetanexampleofbraveryand_________(wise)toothers.

3.Theaudienceapplaudedwhenthechairmangotuponhis__________(foot)tospeak.

知识点2形容词的用法

4.Allthelistenersweregreatly_____(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.

5.Rescueworkersarerescuingthe_____(injure)intheearthquake.

6.好像天要下雨了。

Itseems__________itisgoingtorain.

7.一位老人被困在电梯里了。

Anoldman_______________thelift.

8.那个女孩气得一句话也说不出来。

Thegirlwas_____angry__________aword.

9.爷爷坐在沙发上，高兴地给孩子们讲着故事。

Thegrandfathersatinthesofa,____________________happily.

10.这种处境很容易改变，如果你考虑我的建议的话。

Thesituation_________________ifyoutakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.

【提升能力】

11.Afterthefire,whatnow

BishopPatrickChauvet,NotreDame'smanager,admittedthatthefamousbuildingwouldclosefor"fivetosixyears"ashespokewithlocalbusinessownersWednesday.Headdedthatitwasunclearwhatthechurch's67employeeswouldbedoinginthefuturebuthepromisedthebuildingwouldreviveafterbeingrestored.FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronsaidTuesdaythathewantedthechurchrebuiltinfiveyears.

*Whatarethenewrules

Whiletouristscan'tgoinsidethesiteitself,theareastillmayprovepopulartothosepayingtheirrespects.Visitorsarewelcometowritemessagesofsupportaboutboththemainandlocalcityhalls.

Theislandthathousesthechurchhasbeenclosedandthepeopletherehavebeenevacuatedsincethefire.ParisbusinessmenwhodependonNotreDametourismareworriedaboutthechurch'sfutureaswellastheirown.

*_______________

It'sknownthatspringisabusytimefortouristsinParis.Thetravelcompaniesrecommendpeoplevisitotherplaces,liketheBasiliqueSaint-Denis,theSacre-Coeurandsoon.ThosewhotendtoobservechurchservicesduringHolyWeekareadvisedtogotoSaint-Eustache.

*Lookingaheadtorebuilding.

Itseemsrebuildingcanbegin,sincefirefightersputoutthefireearlyTuesday,morethan12hoursafternearly400firefightershadbattledtheflamesthatchangedthecity'sskyline.Twopolicemenandonefirefighterwereslightlyinjured,accordingtotheParisFireService.

Alargecampaigntoraisemoneyisalreadyunderwaytorebuildthechurch.UptoWednesday,donationshadcometo$1billion.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromwhatthemanagersaid

A.Thefamousbuildingwillbeclosedforever.

B.Thebuildingwillbebuiltinthefuture.

C.Thegovernmentwillgivetheemployeesjobs.

D.Thepresidentwillmakeaplantorebuildthebuilding.

2.Whichofthefollowingsubtitlescanbefilledintheblank

A.Saint-Eustacheisfavoredbytourists.

B.Tourcompaniesofferotherchoices.

C.ChurchculturedevelopsfastinParis.

D.ThebesttimetovisitParisisspring.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenafterthefire

A.Thegovernmentwillarrangeworkfor67employees.

B.Visitorswillbeforbiddentoleavemessagesanywhere.

C.ChurchesinPariswillalsobeexaminedandrepaired.

D.Moremoneywillbedonatedfortherebuildingproject.

12.Mandaraseemedtoknowsomethingbigwasabouttohappen.Sosheletoutayell,caughtholdofher2-year-olddaughterKibibiandclimbedupintoatree.ShelivesattheNationalZooinWashingtonD.C.

AndonTuesday,August23rd,witnessessaidsheseemedtosensethebigearthquakethatshookmuchoftheEastCoastbeforeanyhumanknewwhatwasgoingon.Andshewasnottheonlyone.Inthemomentsbeforethequake,anorangutan(红毛猩猩)letoutaloudcallandthenclimbedtothetopofhershelter.

"It'sverydifferentfromtheirnormalcall,"saidBrandieSmith,thezookeeper."Thelemurs(狐猴)willsoundanalarmiftheyseeorhearsomethinghighlyunusual."

Butyoucan'tseeorhearanearthquake15minutesbeforeithappens,canyouMaybeyoucan—ifyou'reananimal.

"Animalscanhearaboveandbelowourrangeofhearing,"saidBrandieSmith."That'spartoftheirspecialabilities.They'remoresensitivetotheenvironment,whichishowtheysurvive."

Primatesweren'ttheonlyanimalsthatseemedtosensethequakebeforeithappened.Oneoftheelephantsmadeawarningsoundandahugelizard(蜥蜴)ranquicklyforcover.Theflamingoes(akindofbird)gatheredbeforethequakeandstayedtogetheruntiltheshakingstopped.

Sowhatkindofvibration(震动)weretheanimalspickingupinthemomentsbeforethequakeScientistSusanHoughsaidearthquakesproducetwotypesofwaves—aweak"P"waveandthenamuchstronger"S"wave.The"P"standsfor"primary"andthe"S"standsfor"secondary".Shethoughtthe"P"wavemightbewhatsettheanimalsoff.

Notalltheanimalsbehavedunusuallybeforethequake.Forexample,Smithsaidthezoo'sgiantpandasdidn'tjumpupuntiltheshakingactuallybegan.Butmanyoftheotheranimalsseemedtoknowsomethingwascomingbeforeithappened."I'mnotsurprisedatall,"saidSmith.

1.WhydidMandaraactstrangelyoneday

A.Becauseshesensedsomethingunusualwouldhappen.

B.BecauseherdaughterKibibiwasinjured.

C.Becausesheheardanorangutanletout