西方建筑简介课件

WesternArchitecture1WesternArchitecture1Outlines:AncientGreekAndRomanArchitectureGothicArchitectureRenaissanceArchitectureBaroqueArchitectureModernArchitecture2Outlines:AncientGreekAndRomAncientGreekAndRomanArchitectureInthetimeoftheGreeks,religiousmysteryskippedtheconfinesofthetemple-palacecompoundsandwasthesubjectofthepeopleGreekciviclifewassustainedbynew,openspacescalledtheagorawhichweresurroundedbypublicbuildings,storesandtemplesThearchitecturalstylethathasshapedWesternarchitectureeversinceancientGreece.Characterizedbyarchitecturalelementssuchascolumnsandorders3AncientGreekAndRomanArchitParthenontempleTempleofConcordia4ParthenontempleTempleofConcRomanArchitectureTheRomanswereverypracticalpeopleandweremoreinterestedinlaw,governmentandengineeringthanartTheywerecleverarchitectsandcityplannersandwestillbenefitfromtheircontributionsTheRomansfiguredouthowtomakeconcretewhichisamixtureofsand,mineralsandsmallpebbles5RomanArchitectureTheRomanswThePantheonTriumphalArch6ThePantheonTriumphalArch6ClassicalArchitecture

ThesearethebasicpartsofaGreekorRomanbuilding:CornicePedimentFriezeColumns7ClassicalArchitectureGothicArchitectureGothicarchitecturebeganmainlyinFrance,wherearchitectswereinspiredbyRomanesquearchitectureandthepointedarchesofSpanishMoorisharchitectureIt'seasytorecognizeGothicbuildingsbecauseoftheirarches,ribbedvaulting,flyingbuttresses,elaboratesculpturesandstainedglasswindowsTheymarkeditas“Gothic”tosuggestitwasthecrudeworkofGermanbarbarians8GothicArchitectureGothicarchPointedArch(尖肋拱顶)FlyingButtress(飞扶壁)9PointedArch(尖肋拱顶)FlyingButtrStainedGlass(花窗玻璃)Beam-Column(束柱)10StainedGlass(花窗玻璃)Beam-ColumnSt.Patrick'sCathedralNotreDamedeParis11St.Patrick'sCathedralNotreDRenaissanceArchitectureDuringtheRenaissance,architectswereinspiredbythesymmetricaland

well-balancedbuildingsofGreeceandRomeFlatroofs,cofferedceilings,RomanarchesandcapitalsReflectedthereturnofinterestinthegreatmonumentsofantiquity12RenaissanceArchitecture12ChurchofSantaCroceLouvre13ChurchofSantaCroceLouvre13InteriorofAmiensInteriorofPantheon14InteriorofAmiensInteriorofBaroqueArchitectureElementsoftheBaroquearchitecturearecomplicateddecorations,paintingsandcontrastsbetweenlightandshadowInItaly,whereitstarted,thestyleisreflectedindramaticchurcheswithirregularshapes,hugedomesandextravagantornamentationInFranceishighlydecoratedcombinedwithclassicalfeatures.Sacredbuildingsandchateauxweretypicalforthisstyle15BaroqueArchitectureElementsoTreviFountainPalaceofVersailles16TreviFountainPalaceofVersaiSaintPeter'sBasilica17SaintPeter'sBasilica17ModernArchitectureModernarchitectureisatermgiventoanumberofbuildingstyleswithsimilarcharacteristics,primarilythesimplificationofformandtheeliminationofornament,thatfirstarosearound1900.Bythe1940sthesestyleshadbeenconsolidatedandidentifiedastheInternationalStyleandbecamethedominantarchitecturalstyle,particularlyforinstitutionalandcorporatebuilding,forseveraldecadesinthetwentiethcentury.Theexactcharacteristicsandoriginsofmodernarchitecturearestillopentointerpretationanddebate18ModernArchitectureModernarchSomestylesofmodernismFunctionalismExpressionistArchitectureGoogieArchitecturePostmodernArchitectureCriticalRegionalismInternationalstyle

19SomestylesofmodernismFunctiFunctionalismInarchitecture,istheprinciplethatarchitectsshoulddesignabuildingbasedonthepurposeofthatbuildingThisstatementislessself-evidentthanitfirstappears,andisamatterofconfusionandcontroversywithintheprofession,particularlyinregardtomodernarchitecture20FunctionalismInarchitecture,ThetoweroftheHelsinkiOlympicStadiumAuditorium,AarhusUniversity

21ThetoweroftheHelsinkiOlymExpressionistArchitectureExpressionistarchitecturewasanarchitecturalmovementthatdevelopedinNorthernEuropeduringthefirstdecadesofthe20thcenturyinparallelwiththeexpressionistvisualandperformingarts.Thestylewascharacterizedbyanearly-modernistadoptionofnovelmaterials,formalinnovation,andveryunusualmassing,sometimesinspiredbynaturalbiomorphicforms,sometimesbythenewtechnicalpossibilitiesofferedbythemassproductionofbrick,steelandespeciallyglassManyexpressionistarchitectsfoughtinWorldWarIandtheirexperiences,combinedwiththepoliticalturmoilandsocialupheavalthatfollowedtheGermanRevolutionof1919,resultedinautopianoutlookandaromanticsocialistagenda22ExpressionistArchitectureExprEinsteinTowerinPotsdam-BerlinHetschipHousingEstateinAmsterdam

23EinsteinTowerinPotsdam-BerlGoogieArchitectureGoogiearchitectureisasubdivisionofexpressionist,orfuturistarchitectureinfluencedbycarculturetheSpaceAge,originatingfromsouthernCaliforniainthelate1940sandcontinuingapproximatelyintothemid-1960sWithupsweptroofsand,often,curvaceous,geometricshapes,andbolduseofglass,steelandneon,itdecoratedmanyamotel,coffeehouseandbowlingalleyinthe1950sand1960sItepitomizesthespiritagenerationdemanded,lookingexcitedlytowardsabright,technologicalandfuturisticage24GoogieArchitectureGoogiearchTheSeattleSpaceNeedleKyotostation25TheSeattleSpaceNeedleKyotoPostmodernArchitecturePostmodernarchitectureisaninternationalstylewhosefirstexamplesaregenerallycitedasbeingfromthe1950s,andwhichcontinuestoinfluencepresent-dayarchitectureAswithmanyculturalmovements,someofpostmodernism'smostpronouncedandvisibleideascanbeseeninarchitectureThefunctionalandformalizedshapesandspacesofthemodernistmovementarereplacedbyunapologeticallydiverseaesthetics:stylescollide,formisadoptedforitsownsake,andnewwaysofviewingfamiliarstylesandspaceabound26PostmodernArchitecturePostmod1000deLaGauchetièrebankofAmericacenter271000deLaGauchetièrebankofCriticalRegionalismCriticalregionalismisanapproachtoarchitecturethatstrivestocountertheplacelessnessandlackofmeaninginModernArchitecturebyusingcontextualforcestogiveasenseofplaceandmeaningThetermcriticalregionalismwasfirstusedbyAlexanderTzonisandLianeLefaivreandlatermorefamouslybyKennethFrampton28CriticalRegionalismCriti