三级英语语法定语从句

学习必备 欢迎下载学习必备 欢迎下载定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系畐【J词有：when,where,why等。重点掌握：1•判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.rilneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断：（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.（对）rilneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone （答案：D）例2.Isthisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone （答案：A）关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）;先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。介词+关系词1） 介词后面的关系词不能省略。2） that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。如：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?as,which引导非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthatAs一般放在句首，which在句中。如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.例题Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss, cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he (答案:C)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood, wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it (答案：B)Itrainedhardyesterday, preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.which C.as D.it (答案:B)as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用 which.。As的用法看下列例句：例1.Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).thesame…as；such…as中的as是-例2.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作know的宾语)Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as充当从句的主语)As是关系代词，可引导非限制性从句。As表“正如”。先行词和关系词二合一"Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.(Whoever可以用anyonewho代替)2)Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.(what可以用allthat代替)关系代词that的用法不用that的情况在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。在不定代词，如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用whicho先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 thato.先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。定语从句练习Isthereashoparound Icangetapackofcigarettes?A.which B.where C.that D.what humanbeingsliveingreatnumbers,thewatersareverylikelytobepolluted.A.That B.Where C.WhyD.ButItwasinthesmallhouse wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.that;which-- yougottoknowmytelephonenumber?Throughafriendofyours.A.Howwasit B.WhatwasitC.Howwasitthat D.WhatwasitthatWhenItrytofind thatpreventssomanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram,itseemstomethattherearetwomaincauses.A.whatitisB.whatitdoesC.whyitdoes D.whyitisJohn'sparentskepttellinghimtogiveupsmoking,but didn 'thelp.A.he B.it C.which D.whoTheyhaveasonandtwodaughters, liveinthiscity.A.allofthem B.bothofthemC.everybodyofwhom D.allofwhomTheyhaveasonandtwodaughters,and liveinthiscity.A.allofthem B.bothofthemC.everybodyofwhom D.allofwhomMr.Smithwassoangrythathekickedachairandbrokeoneofitslegs, wasratherfunny.A.不填 B.it C.that D.which ,thesailorsreturnedtwentydayslater,ill,tiredandunhappy.A.Itisreportedthat B.AsisreportedC.Whichisreported D.Whatisreported thesailorsr