高中语法重难点突破定语从句专题课件高三英语一轮复习

定语从句

AttributiveClause

定语从句的概念定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句，即由一个句子来充当定语。It’saninvention

whichisusedforkeepingofftherain.Youmustdoeverything

thatIcando.

定语从句的分类如果去掉红色部分，句子意思显然不完整。如果去掉红色部分，主句意思仍然没有多大影响。

定语从句的关键要素先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词的分类关系词的功能关系代词：who/whom,that,which,as,whose关系副词：when,where,why①引导定语从句②代替先行词③在定语从句中担当一个句法成分

关系代词that引导的定语从句that可以指人或指物；在句中充当主语或宾语。

指物：Thisis

a

book

that

interests

a

largenumberofpeople.(作主语)Isanything(that)Icandoforyou?(作宾语)

指人：Hethatwouldeatthefruitmustclimbthetree.(作主语)Heisaman(that)youcansafelytrust.(作宾语)注：①关系代词that、which、who

(宾格whom)在从句中作宾语时，特别是在口语或非正式的书面表达中，常常省略。②that不用于非限制性定语从句。③that不可置于介词后作宾语。

which/who/whom引导的定语从句

关系代词whose引导的定语从句whose引导的定语从句先行词既可是人，也可是物；whose在句中作定语。

先行词(人)：Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherisstudyingabroad.Italkedwiththemanwhosehousewasdestroyedintheflood.

先行词(物)：Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.He

has

writtenabookwhosenameI’veforgotten.注：当关系代词whose指代物时可以用“ofwhich”替换。如：I’d

like

a

room

whose

window

faces

south.=I’dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I’dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.

关系代词as引导的定语从句as引导定语，在句中充当主语或宾语。①若为限制性定语从句，as多用于thesame…as;

the

same

as;

such…as…;

as

many/much

as;

so…as等结构中。Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).Hereissobigstoneasnoonecanlift.(注意此结构的定语从句与结果状语从句so…that…区分)比较：Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)②若为非限制性定语从句，as常常单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为“正如”“这一点”。(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)He

was

a

foreigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(as作宾语，先行词是前面整个句子)

关系代词as引导的定语从句as引导定语，在句中充当主语或宾语。②若为非限制性定语从句，as常常单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为“正如”“这一点”。(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as作宾语)=Asitknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as作主语)=It’sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone’shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone’shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone’shealth.注：由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

as&which引导非限制性定语从句①位置的不同which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面、插在句子中或放在句子后。如：Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.=Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.=Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.②

as一般译为“正如”“就像”“这一点”asweallknow;asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpect;aswehaveimagined…

as&which引导非限制性定语从句③先行词的不同as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。Hewasproud,

whichhisbrotherneverwas.(先行词是一个词)Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.(先行词是一个句子)Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.

关系副词when引导的定语从句When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词，如：time,day,week,year,month等。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)

关系副词where引导的定语从句Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place,

school,factory,room等。ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.注：先行词是“地点名词”，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较：Thisisthefactorywhereheworkedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.

关系副词why引导的定语从句Why指原因，在定语从中作原因状语。先行为reason时可用forwhich指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?(作主语)

练习1.Thegentle____________manyoutoldmeaboutyesterdayprovedtobeathief.2.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice____________peopleexpected.3.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,____________leadingactorisworldfamous?4.Isthisthereason____________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?5.____________hasbeenannounced.weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.6.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace____________,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.7.TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates,oneof____________isseparatedfromtheothersbythePacificOcean.Keys:1.who/whom;2.as;3.whose;4.that;5.As;6.where;7.which

练习8.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,______isalwaysbusyattheweekend.9.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewasall______kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.10.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,without_________therewon'tbemuchwork.11.Thevisitor____________passportwasstolenwasonhiswaytotheUS.12.Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar____________hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatree.13.Faye'sfondestmemoryisoflastyear,___________theclubgaveateapartyforherbirthday.14.Theresultofthestudyindicatedthatitwasthetypeoffat____________madedifference.15.Sailingacrosstheoceanalonewasanachievement____________tookcourage.Keys:8.which;9.that;10.which;11.whose;12.that/which;13.when;14.that;15.that/which

练习16.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.17.Alecaskedthepolicemanwith____________heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.18.Icanthinkofmanycases____________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.19.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfiiendassomeonewith____________theycantalkfrequently.20.Ifshophaschairs____________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillbehappytoshop.Keys:16.where;17.whom;18.where;19.whom;20.where

定语从句关系词that的特殊用法

定语从句关系词that的特殊用法限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况⑤先行词既有人又有物，这时宜用that.The

writer

and

his

novel

that

you

have

just

talked

about

is

really

well-known.⑥被修饰词为数词时。YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

定语从句关系词that的特殊用法限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?⑨主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)ituse