外研版高中英语必修三 （The world of science）PartⅠ 新课件

Unit3

Theworldofscience

PartⅠ

Startingout&Understandingideas导读：演唱者约翰·丹佛(JohnDenver)曾获21次金唱片奖和4次白金唱片奖。《乡村路，带我回家》是其成名作，曲调深情、悠扬，长短句搭配错落有致、自然和谐。歌词中所呈现的故乡，那纯朴、熟悉的种种意向，与歌者通过重复部分所表现的游子归心似箭之情完美地结合在一起。整首歌唱起来一气呵成，思乡之情表现得淋漓尽致。TakeMeHome，CountryRoadAlmostheavenWestVirginiaBlueRidgeMountainsShenandoahRiverLifeisoldthereOlderthanthetreesYoungerthanthemountainsGrowinglikeabreezeCountryroads，takemehomeTotheplaceI①____________WestVirginiaMountainMommaTakemehome，countryroadsAllmy②____________GatherroundherMiner’sLadybelongmemoriesStrangertobluewaterDarkanddustyPaintedontheskyMistytasteof③____________TeardropsinmyeyesCountryroads，takemehomeTotheplaceIbelong...moonshine乡村路，带我回家天堂般的西弗吉尼亚蓝岭山脉山纳多河流那儿生灵悠远比树木古老比大山年轻如微风般生生不息乡村路，带我回家吧回到我属于的地方西弗吉尼亚大山妈妈乡村路，带我回家我所有的思念都萦绕着她矿工的妻子从未见过大海黑灰与尘土笼罩在空中月色朦胧我的双眼饱含泪水乡村路，带我回家吧回到我属于的地方……素

养

导

航TheNewAgeofInventionInterviewer：Goodevening，andwelcometoBetween

the

Pages.Thisevening，I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst，(1)whosenewbookThe

New

Age

of

Inventionhasjustbeenpublished.Welcome，Richard!Richard：Thankyou.It’sapleasuretobehere.Interviewer：Iguess(2)youhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Itsuggests(3)thatthepresentdayisanewageforinventions，butmanypeoplemightthink(4)thatthegreatageofinventionisover.Richard：Well，that’saninterestingpoint.Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina：gunpowder，papermaking，printingandthecompass.Thesethingschangedtheworldforever.ThentherewerethegreatWesterninventions：thesteamengine，thetelephoneandtheradio.Andnow，wefindourselvesinthegreatnewageoftechnology.Interviewer：Soaremostofthenewgreatinventionstech-based?Richard：Alot，yes.Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech，aswellastheflexiblebattery，mean(5)weshouldsoonbeseeingfurtherdevelopments.Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethanksto(6)increasingcomputerpower.Interviewer：Canyougiveussomeexamples?Richard：Sure.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Intermsoftheenvironment，itisnowpossible(7)tocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.Itiscapableof(8)usingGPStechnology(9)totraveltodifferentplaces，(10)withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“legs”.What’smore，hugeadvancesinsolartechnologymean(11)itcanbeeco-friendly，too.Interviewer：Impressivestuff!I’vealsobeentold(12)thatyou’reaninventoryourself.Isthatcorrect?Richard：Yes，Iam，butI’monlyonememberofabigteam—mostinventorsnowworkaspartofbiginternationalteams.Interviewer：Isee.Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings?Richard：Mostinventionsstartwith(13)recognisingaproblemthatneedsasolution.Thiswasnodoubtthereasonbehindtheinventionofthewheelinancienttimes，(14)whichmuchlaterdevelopedintothecar.Now，(15)reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.Butwhatremainsimportantis(16)thatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.Interviewer：Onelastquestion.Thisistheone(17)everyonereallywantstoknow：willanybodyeverinventatimemachine?Richard：Ithinkyou’vebeenwatchingtoomanymovies!NothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment！But，astheysay，“Neversaynever！”(1)whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词DrRichardFairhurst，并在从句中作定语。(2)本句为宾语从句，作动词guess的宾语，省略了连接词that。(3)本句为that引导的宾语从句，作动词suggests的宾语。(4)本句为that引导的宾语从句，作动词think的宾语。(5)本句为宾语从句，作动词mean的宾语，省略了连接词that。(6)increasing为现在分词，在句中作定语，修饰computerpower。(7)本句中it作形式主语，不定式tocreate...为真正的主语。(8)usingGPStechnology为动名词，作介词of的宾语。(9)totravelto...为不定式作状语，表示目的。(10)withcomputingtechnology...为“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构，宾语为computingtechnology，宾补为controllingits“legs”，两者在逻辑上是主谓关系，故使用现在分词形式。(11)本句为宾语从句，作动词mean的宾语，省略了连接词that。(12)本句为宾语从句，作动词told的宾语。(13)本句中recognising为动名词作宾语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词problem，在定语从句中作主语。(14)句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thewheel，在句中作主语。(15)reduced为过去分词作前置定语，修饰energysupplies。(16)that引导表语从句。(17)本句为定语从句，修饰先行词theone，省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which。①inventionn.发明，创造②throughouthistory纵观历史③thinkof想到④ancientadj.古代的⑤papermakingn.造纸术⑥printingn.印刷术⑦steamengine蒸汽机⑧tech－basedadj.以技术为基础的⑨advancen.进步

⑩environmentaladj.有关环境的⑪thanksto幸亏⑫beusedtodo被用来做……⑬intermsof在……方面⑭intelligentadj.智慧的⑮becapableof有……能力⑯what’smore另外⑰eco－friendlyadj.环境友好型的⑱impressiveadj.印象深刻的⑲stuffn.物品；东西

StepⅠ

GeneralreadingThepassagemainlytellsusthat____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________.thepresentdayisstillanewageforinventionslikebeforebecauseofanincredibledesiretothinkandcreateStepⅡ

FactualreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1.Whatdoesthepassageaimtodo?A.Tointroduceanewbook.B.Tointroduceafamouswriter.C.Toinspirepeopletoinventthings.D.Todiscussinventionwithawriter.2.Whatispeople’sattitudetowardsthenewageforinventions?A.Different. B.Objective.C.Negative. D.Supportive.3.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtotheinventionsinAncientChina?A.Gunpowder. B.Printing.C.Theradio. D.Thecompass.4.Whatreallyinspirespeopletoinventthings?Aputerpower.B.Environmentalpollution.C.Lessenergysupplies.D.Thedesiretosolveproblems.5.Whatdoes“Neversaynever”meanaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.B.Anythingispossible.C.Amanbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.D.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.答案

1.D

2.A

3.C

4.D

5.BStepⅢ

ClozetestFillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.Therehavebeen1.____________(gold)agesofinventionthroughouthistory.Thinkofthefourgreatinventions2.____________AncientChina：gunpowder，papermaking，3.____________(print)andthecompass.Thesethingschangedtheworldforever.ThentherewerethegreatWesterninventions：thesteamengine，thetelephoneandtheradio.Andnowmostofthenewgreat4.______________(invent)aretech-based.Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityand5.____________(wear)tech，aswellastheflexiblebattery，goldeninprintinginventionswearablemeanweshouldsoonbeseeing6.____________(far)developments.Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineand7.______________(environment)sciencethanks8.____________increasingcomputerpower.Newinventions9.____________3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Interms10.____________theenvironment，itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.furtherenvironmentaltolikeofⅠ.词汇语境认知——写出语境中加黑单词的意义1.GunpowderwasusedinChinaasfarbackasthe11thcentury.____________2.Youcangoanywhereandstillthecompasspointsnorthorsouth.____________3.Newtechnologyhasenableddevelopmentofanonline“virtuallibrary”.____________4.Ourplansneedtobeflexibleenoughtomeettheneedsofeveryone.____________5.Wecan’tusethetorchbecausethebatteryhasrundown.____________6.Hetriedtoinspirethemtogreaterefforts.____________7.What’sthematterwithyourhearing?Youcan’tevenrecognisemyvoice.____________8.Whathappenswhenfood，waterandmedicalsuppliesrunout?____________火药指南针虚拟的灵活的电池激励认出供应物Ⅱ.单词语境记忆——根据英语提示写出单词的适当形式1.Igottothedoorand____________(press)thewoodenbuttonwhichopenedthedoor.2.Thepolice____________(shoot)atthecriminalbutheescaped.3.It’sfashionablebut____________(wear)，andit’seasytolookafter.4.Thecourseissuitableforbeginnersand____________(advance)students.5.Faxmachineswereawonderful____________(invent)atthetime.6.Thiscinemaisso____________(impress)thatwecan’thelpcrying.pressedshotwearableadvancedinventionimpressiveⅢ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语1.Ifyousaytheword“communication”，mostpeople________________(想起)wordsandsentences.2.Theplaysucceeded________________(幸亏)thefineactingbyallthecast.3.________________(就……方面)meansoftransport，itisveryconvenientforyoutotravelacrossthecity.4.Awitchissomeonewho________________(有……能力)magic.thinkofthankstoIntermsofiscapableof5.Itisoftenagoodideato_________________(由……开始)smaller，easilyachievablegoals.6.Thissuggestionwillcertainly________________(导致)anargument.7.There’snowaywecanaffordtobuyahouse________________(目前).8.Alotofourland________________(被用来做……)growcropsforexport.startwithleadtoatthemomentisusedto1.pressv.按，压，推，挤；催促

n.按，压，推，挤；出版社·PresentlyIamgoingtopressthelever，andoffthemachinewillgo.(教材P25)现在我要按一下操纵杆，机器就开动了。·Theyarepressingustomakeaquickdecision.他们正催促我们尽快作出决定。·Iconsideredturningback，butitwasgettinglate，soIpressedon.我想往回走，但天色已晚，只好继续前行。·Shekickedatthedoorwithherfoot，andthepressurewasenoughtoopenit.她用脚踢门，力气之大足以把门踹开。►单句语法填空/补全句子①If____________(press)，hewilladmitthatheknewabouttheaffair.②She____________(press)herfaceagainstthewindowbutsawnothingoutside.③EvenifIhadthetalenttoplaytennisIcouldn’tstandthe______________(press).④We’lltalkaboutyoursuggestionlater—nowlet’sjust_____________________.我们稍后再谈你的建议，现在先继续吧。pressedpressedpressurepresson单词一族pressuren.按，压；压力用法总结presssbtodosth催促某人做某事presson继续前进2.shootv.射出(光，亮等)，放射；射击；射中；拍摄；射门，投篮·Afaintbluelightshotacrossit，darkeningtopurple，andpresentlyshecouldseetheimageofherson...(教材P25)一道微弱的蓝光射过它，暗到紫色，不久她就看到了她儿子的影子……·HeorderedTelltoshootattheapplewithoneofhisarrows.他命令泰尔用他自己的一支箭射这个苹果。►写出下列句中shoot的含义①Suddenly，abeamofyellowlightshotacrosstheroom.____________②Thepolicehadorderstoshootanyonewhoattackedthem.____________③Spielberg’scareerreallytookoffwhenhebegantoshoothisshortfilms.____________④Hemissedagreatopportunitytoshootatgoal.____________►补全句子⑤Hetriedto________________________thebird，butmissed.他开枪打那只鸟，但是没打中。射出射击拍摄射门shootat单词一族shootingn.射击，枪杀；拍摄用法总结shootat朝……射击3.desiren.渴望；欲望；愿望

v.渴望；希望·Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.(教材P27)但重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的思考和创造的欲望，这才是真正的发明精神。·Fewerpeopledesiretoliveinthenorthofthecountry.想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。·IdesirethatheshouldcallonmeonMondaymorning.我要求他周一早晨给我打电话。►单句语法填空①Ihadastrongdesire____________(help)andcareforpeople.②Weallhaveastrongdesire____________happinessandhealth.③Shewastiredofthehumdrumlifeinthecountrysideanddesired____________(go)out.④Theemployeesdemandthattheirsalaries__________________(raise).tohelpfortogo(should)beraised用法总结adesirefor...对……的欲望desiretodosth渴望做某事desirethat...要求……名师提醒接宾语从句时，从句用(should＋)do形式的动词有：一坚持(insist)；二命令(order，command)；三建议(suggest，propose，advise)；四要求(demand，require，request，desire)。Iinsistthatheshouldstaywhereheis.我坚持他留在原来的地方。4.advancen.前进；进步；事先

adj.预先的，在前的

v.(使)进步；提前·Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech，aswellastheflexiblebattery...(教材P26)例如，虚拟现实技术、可穿戴技术以及柔性电池的进步……·Everythingwasfixedinadvance.一切都是预先安排好的。·Thesoldiersadvancedontheenemy.战士们向敌人发起进攻。·Englandisanadvancedindustrialcountry.英国是一个发达的工业国家。►补全句子①Afterworkingdayandnight，wefinishedthework_________________________.日夜工作后，我们提前完成了工作。②Thedateofthemeeting___________________________fromFridaytoMonday.会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。③Couldyougetready________________________themeeting?你是否能在会前准备好？④Theyhave________________________inmedicineinthelasttenyears.在过去十年里，他们在医学方面取得了巨大的进步。inadvancehasbeenadvancedinadvanceofmadegreatadvances单词一族advancedadj.先进的，高级的用法总结inadvanceof...在……前面inadvance预先，提前makegreatadvancesin...在……取得很大进展advanceon/uponsp向某地推进、进逼1.thinkof考虑；想起；想出·ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina：gunpowder，papermaking，printingandthecompass.(教材P26)想想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。►选用右栏短语填空①Please____________theplan____________andletmeknowyourdecision.②Wemust________________aplanfordevelopingthebusiness.③Hisheroicbehaviorwas________________________________bypeople.④Today，whenI________________myfriend，Irememberhissmilingface.⑤We____________him____________thecleverestpersoninourclass.thinkoverthinkuphighlythoughtofthinkofthinkofas短语记牢thinkof...as...把……当作……thinkhighly/well/muchof对……评价高thinklittle/poorlyof对……评价低thinkabout思考，考虑think...over认真思考……thinktwice三思；重新考虑thinkup想出；设计出2.inaddition除此之外；另外·Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.(教材P27)此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重要进展。►选用右栏单词或短语填空①________________adiet，shepursuesvariousexercisesonTV.②________________，theydonotmatchverymuch.③_____________________________providingwarmth，whatwasfireusedfor?④Heansweredallthequestions________________thelastone.⑤Bicyclingisgoodexercise;________________，itdoesnotpollutetheair.InadditiontoInadditionApartfrom/Inadditionto/Besidesexcept/butbesides/inaddition短语记牢inadditionto除……之外，还……(＝aswellas＝besides)except(＝but)除……外(其余都)apartfrom(＝except/besides)除……之外名师提醒inadditionto意为“加在……上”，其中to是介词，因此用inadditiontodoingsth，而不是inadditiontodosth。3.intermsof就……而言；在……方面·Intermsoftheenvironment，itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.(教材P27)就环境而言，现在有可能建造一个智能步行屋。►单句语法填空/补全句子①You’dbettergetsomeonewhois____________goodtermswithhimtotryandpersuadehim.②Itwashardtocometoterms____________herdeathafterallthesupportshegavetomeandthefamily.③____________________________(就绿色发展而言)，theBeijing-Tianjin-HebeiregionsawitsaveragePM2.5densitydownnearly40percent.④Ihavehadgoodresults________________________(就短期而言)，butIhavetoimprove________________________(就长期而言).onwithIntermsofgreendevelopmentintheshortterminthelongterm短语记牢inthelong/shortterm就长期/短期而言beongood/badtermswithsb与某人关系好/不好cometotermswith...妥协；达成协议onone’sterms依照某人的条件4.nodoubt毫无疑问·Thiswasnodoubtthereasonbehindtheinventionofthewheelinancienttimes，whichmuchlaterdevelopedintothecar.(教材P27)这无疑是古代发明车轮的原因，车轮后来发展成为汽车。►选用右栏短语填空①________________whatyoumaysay，hewillnotbelieveyou.②—Doyouthinkyou’llbuythatone?—________________！That’stheugliestpictureI’veeverseen!③Itis________________youcannotsleepwhenyoueatsomuch.④Thereis________________thatthemanistellingalie.NomatterNowaynowondernodoubt短语记牢noway没门noproblem没问题nowonder难怪nomatter无论；不要紧5.leadto引起；导致·Now，reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.(教材P27)目前，能源供应的减少和环境污染已导致新能源汽车技术的进一步发展。►单句语法填空/补全句子①Itwasreportedthatthediscoveryofnewevidencehadledtothethief_____________(catch).②Thestudents________________________themuseum，mostofwhomhadanotebookintheirhands.学生们被带进博物馆，大多数人手里都拿着一个笔记本。③They___________________________onthecampus.他们在校园里过着忙碌而又丰富多彩的生活。④Eatingtoomuchsugarcan______________________.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。beingcaughtwereledintoleadabusyandcolourfullifeleadtohealthproblems短语记牢(1)leadsbtodosth使某人做某事leadsbto/into...领着某人去/进入……leadahappylife过着幸福的生活(2)inthelead带头，处于领先地位takethelead带头1.Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.(教材P26)历史上曾经有过发明创造的黄金时代。【分析】

本句中Therehavebeen为therebe结构的现在完成式，该句型表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since＋时间点/从句，fortwomonths，sofar等。【拓展】

therebe结构的用法：(1)Therebe结构可以有一般现在时(Thereis/are...)、一般过去时(Therewas/were...)、将来时(Therewillbe...或Thereis/aregoingtobe...)和完成时(Therehas/havebeen...或Therehadbeen...)。(2)therebe结构可和各种情态动词连用，情态动词后加动词原形。(3)therebe结构中的谓语动词还可以是“seemto(似乎)/happento(碰巧)/usedto(过去常常)/belikelyto(很可能)＋动词原形”。

·Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些书。·Therewasanaccidentlastnight.昨晚发生了一个事故。·Therewillbeagoodwheatharvestthisyear.今年小麦将有一个好收成。·Therehavebeenmanychangesinthevillagerecently.最近这个村庄发生了许多变化。

·Therehadbeenafightherebeforehecameback.在他回来之前这儿有过一场搏斗。·Whatapitymynewcomputerdoesn’twork.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.很遗憾我的计算机不能用了。肯定是坏了。·Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.这里战前曾有一座电影院。单句语法填空/补全句子①Itseemsasifthere____________(be)aheavyrainsoontonight.②Hewantedtoknowwhetherthere____________(be)anymessagesforhim.③There____________greatadvancesinmedicineinthelasttenyears.④There____________abirdonthebranch.树枝上也许有一只鸟。willbehadbeenhavebeenmaybe⑤There________________________somethingwrongwithit.它好像有点毛病。⑥There________________________acarnearby.碰巧附近有一辆车。⑦There__________________________astorm.可能有一场暴雨。seemstobehappenedtobeislikelytobe2.Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings？(教材P27)那么，是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？【分析】

本句是一个强调句型。此处被强调部分是what。【拓展】

强调句型的用法：(1)强调句型的陈述句形式为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”。一般疑问句形式为Is/Wasit...that/who...？特殊疑问句形式为特殊疑问词＋is/was＋that/who...？not...until句型的强调句型为Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。(2)该句型不用来强调句子的谓语和定语。若被强调的是人，that可以替换为who。·Bachdiedin1750，butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪初他的音乐才能才得到完全认可。·Itwastheculture，ratherthanthelanguage，thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.是文化而不是语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。同义句转换①ImetJohninthestreetyesterday.→ItwasI____________metJohninthestreetyesterday.(强调主语)→ItwasJohn____________Imetinthestreetyesterday.(强调宾语)→Itwasinthestreet____________________ImetJohnyesterday.(强调地点状语)②ItwasIthat/whometJohninthestreetyesterday.→Whowas____________metJohninthestreetyesterday?(特殊疑问句)③Hedidn’trealizehismistakesuntilyesterday.→Itwas____________yesterday____________herealizedhismistakes.(强调句型)that/whothat/whothatitthatnotuntilthat3.Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.(教材P27)

但重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的思考和创造的欲望，这才是真正的发明精神。

【分析】

本句中的whatremainsimportant是what引导的名词性从句，

作主语，what在主语从句中作主语。

【拓展】what引导名词性从句的用法： (1)what除了引导主语从句，还可以引导宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 (2)what引导名词性从句在句中作成分时，what既有一定的含义，又起连接作用，在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。·Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.(宾语从句)一些学生犹豫不决，他们在等待看其他学生要做什么。·Whatyouwilldonextisnoneofmybusiness.(主语从句)你下一步做什么不关我的事。·Sheisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.(表语从句)她不再是过去的她了。·Ihavenoideawhathe’sgoingtodowithit.(同位语从句)我想不出来他会用它来做什么。【名师提醒】

that在引导名词性从句时，不可省略(宾语从句除外)，不作成分，没有词义；which引导名词性从句时意为“哪一个/哪一些”，通常有一个选择的范围。单句语法填空①____________hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.②Imakealistof____________weneedtobuyinthesupermarket.③____________ofyouclimbstothetopofthehillfirstwillreceiveaprize.④Donotputofftilltomorrow____________youcandotoday.⑤Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s____________ittakestodoanythingwell.⑥Theproblemliesin____________________youhaven’ttakenanymeasuresyet.WhatwhatWhichwhatwhatthat4.But，astheysay，“Neversaynever！”(教材P27)

但是，正如他们所说，“永远不要说永远！”

【分析】

本句中astheysay为as引导的非限制性定语从句。as在从句中作动词say的宾语。【拓展】

as引导定语从句的用法：(1)as既可指人，也可指物，

在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句，从句可以位于句首、句中和句末；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分，从句只能位于先行词之后。(3)as引导非限制性定语从句时常被译为“正如”，

多用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事)，aswasexpected(不出所料)，asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样)，asisknowntoall(众所周知)，ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)，asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等。而which常被译为“这一点，那”，并且主句和从句常存在逻辑上的因果关系。·Asweknow，smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.众所周知，

吸烟对人的健康有害。·Sheisalwaysworkinghard，aseveryonecansee.正如大家所看到的那样，

她一直工作很努力。·Thebook，whichIboughtyesterday，isveryinstructive.这本书是我昨天买的，

很有教育意义。单句语法填空/补全句子①Tomwasalwayslateforschool，____________madehisteacherveryangry.②Thenumberofsmokers，____________isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.③____________________________，heisquitepleased.从他的面目表情可以看出来，

他非常高兴。④______________________，oceanscovermorethan70%oftheEarth.众所周知，地球表面70%以上由海洋覆盖。whichasAscanbeseenfromhisfaceAsisknowntoallUnit3

Theworldofscience

PartⅡ

Usinglanguage——现在完成时的被动语态【思维导图】一、基本特征感悟【感悟用法】①OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.②Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.③Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.④Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromtheclothes.⑤Haven’tyourproblemsbeensolved?⑥Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinyourschool?【自我总结】1.以上例句中都使用了________________________。2.以上例句中第①②③句是该时态的____________句式；第④句是____________句式；第⑤句是____________句式；第⑥句是____________句式。现在完成时的被动语态肯定否定一般疑问特殊疑问二、主要用法精讲1.结构肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？Alreadythisyear，115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA，comparedwith189foralloflastyear.今年美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例，而去年全年共189例。Theconstructionofthebridgehasnotbeenfinished.桥的建设还没有完成。Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided？下次会议的日期已决定了吗？Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged？电池多久没有更换了？2.用法(1)现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.机器已经修好了。(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“H