天津医科大学全英药理学实验教学大纲

THEOUTLINEOFPHARMACOLOGICALEXPERIMENTS

DepartmentofPharmacology,TianjinMedicalUniversity

2005.03

Preface

Practicalcourseofpharmacologyisveryimportantforstudents,becauseitaffordsstudentsnotonlythebasicpharmacologicaltheories,butalsothechancestolearnaboutsomebasictechniquesandmethodsofpharmacologicalresearch.Thiscourseincludesbothexperimentscarriedoutonisolatedtissuesororgansandexperimentsusingwholeanimals.Theexperimentsareofgreatimportanceforstudents.

Experiment1.DeterminationofPharmacokineticParametersinOne-CompartmentModel

ⅠPurpose:

Tocomprehendthesignificanceofthepharmacokineticparametersinone-compartmentmodelandtolearnthedeterminationandcalculationoftheparameters

ⅡContents:

A.Reviewingtheconceptsandsignificanceofpharmacokineticparameters

B.Introductionofmethodsofdeterminationandcalculationofpharmacokineticparametersinone-compartmentmodel

C.Practiceofsomeexamplesinclass

ⅢTime

1.5hoursforteaching

1.0hourforpractice

0.5hourfordiscussion

Experiment2.One-CompartmentOpenModel

ⅠPurpose:

Tocomprehendthesignificanceofthepharmacokineticparametersinone-compartmentmodelandtopractisethedeterminationandcalculationoftheparameters

ⅡContents:

A.Introductionoftheprincipleandmethodoftheexperiment

B.Establishingtheone-compartmentmodelwiththegiveninstrumentsandthedrugsincludingsodiumsalicylate,ferricchlorideandchloroform

C.Calculationofthepharmacokineticparametersinone-compartmentmodelbasedonthedetermineddata

D.Discussion

ⅢTime:

0.5hourforteaching

2.0hoursformanipulation

0.5hourforcalculationanddiscussion

Experiment3.Two-CompartmentOpenModel

ⅠPurpose:

Tocomprehendthesignificanceofthepharmacokineticparametersintwo-compartmentmodelandtopractisethedeterminationandcalculationoftheparameters

ⅡContents:

A.Introductionoftheprincipleandmethodoftheexperiment

B.Establishingthetwo-compartmentmodelwiththegiveninstrumentsandthedrugsincludingsalicylateacid-alcoholsolution,ferricchlorideandchloroform

C.Calculationofthepharmacokineticparametersintwo-compartmentmodelbasedonthedetermineddata

D.Discussion

ⅢTime:

0.5hourforteaching

2.0hoursformanipulation

0.5hourforcalculationanddiscussion

Experiment4.DeterminationofED50ofSodiumPentobarbital

ⅠPurpose:

TocomprehendthesignificanceofED50,tolearnthemethodtodetermineED50andtocalculatetheED50ofsodiumpentobarbital

ⅡContents:

A.IntroductionoftheprincipleandmethodstodetermineED50

B.ManipulationwiththeImproved-Karber’smethod

C.CalculationoftheED50ofsodiumpentobarbital

D.Discussion

ⅢTime:

0.5hourforteaching

2.0hoursformanipulation

0.5hourforcalculationanddiscussion

Experiment5.DifferentEffectsofDrugsbyDifferentRoutesofAdministrationandDifferentDosageForms

ⅠPurpose:

Toobservetheeffectsofmagnesiumsulfateonmicebydifferentroutesofadministrationandtheeffectsofstrychnineonfrogsbydifferentdosageforms

ⅡContents:

A.Introductionofdifferentroutesofadministrationanddifferentdosageformsofdrug

B.Administrationofmagnesiumsulfateintraperitoneallyandorallytodifferentmiceandadministrationofstrychnineinwatersolutionandcolloidsolutiontodifferentfrogs

C.Observationandrecordingtheresults

D.Discussion

ⅢTime:

1.5hoursforteaching

1.0hourformanipulationandobservation

0.5hourfordiscussion

Experiment6.VideoandDiscussionoftheDrugsAffectingtheAutonomicNervousSystem

ⅠPurpose:

Tomastertheeffectsofcholinergic,anti-cholinergic,adrenergicandanti-adrenergicdrugsonthebloodpressureandheartrate

ⅡContents:

A.Teachingvideoaboutthedrugsaffectingtheautonomicnervoussystem

B.Analysisanddiscussionoftheeffectsofcholinergic,anti-cholinergic,adrenergicandanti-adrenergicdrugsonthebloodpressureandheartrateaccordingtothegivenfigures

ⅢTime:

1.0hourforteachingvideo

2.0hoursforanalysisanddiscussion

Experiment7.EffectsofDrugsAffectingtheSympatheticNervousSystemonBloodPressureinRabbits

ⅠPurpose:

Tolearnthemethodtorecordtheacutebloodpressureintheanesthetizedanimalandtoobservetheeffectsofadrenoceptoragonistsandadrenoceptorantagonistsonthebloodpressureinrabbits

ⅡContents:

A.Introductionofthemethodtorecordbloodpressureintheanesthetizedrabbits

B.Manipulation

C.Administrationandobservation

D.Discussion

ⅢTime:

0.5hourforteaching

1.5hoursformanipulation

0.5hourforadministrationandobservation

0.5hourfordiscussion

Experiment8.IntoxicationandDetoxicationofOrganophosphate

ⅠPurpose:

Toobservethesymptomsoforganophosphatepoisoningandtoobservetheeffectsofatropineandpyraloximemethoiodide(PAM)onthedetoxicationoforganophosphate

ⅡContents:

A.Introductionoftheintoxicationanddetoxicationoforganophosphate

B.Administrationofdipterexintravenouslytorabbitsandobservation

C.AdministrationofatropineorPAMtorabbitsintravenouslyandobservation

D.Discussion

ⅢTime:

1.0hourforteaching

1.5hoursforadministrationandobservation

0.5hourfordiscussion

Experiment9.VideoofChloropromazine,CardiacGlycosideandAntiarrhythmics

ⅠPurpose:

Tomasterthepharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofchloropromazine,cardiacglycosideandantiarrhythmics

ⅡContents:

A.Teachingvideoaboutchloropromazine,cardiacglycosideandantiarrhythmics

B.Reviewing

ⅢTime:

2.0hoursforvideo

1.0hourforreviewing

Experiment10.VideoofMorphineandExperimentofAnalgesics

ⅠPurpose:

Tomasterthepharmacologicaleffects,clinicalusesanduntowardeffectsofmorphineandtocomparetheanalgesicactionsofmeperidineandan-tong-dingbytheturning-trunkmethod

ⅡContents:

A.Teachingvideoofmorphine

B.Introductionoftheprincipleandmethodoftheexperiment

C.Administrationandobservation

D.Analysisanddiscussion

ⅢTime:

1.0hourforvideo

0.5hourforteaching

1.0hourforadministrationandobservation

0.5hourforanalysisanddiscussion

Experiment11.CentralStimulantsandAnticonvulsantEffectofDrug

ⅠPurpose:

Tomasterthepharmacologicaleffectsandtheclinicalusesofcentralstimulants,tocomprehendthemethodtoinducetheconvulsionandtoobservetheprotectionofdrugfrominducedconvulsion

ⅡContents:

A.Introductionofcentralstimulants

B.Introductionoftheprincipleandmethodoftheexperiment

C.Establishingthemodelofconvulsioninmicewithnikethamideandobservingtheprotectionofsodiumphenobarbital

D.Discussion

ⅢTime:

1.0hourforteaching

1.5hoursforadministrationandobservation

0.5hourfordiscussion

Experiment12.Antihistamines,AntiasthmaticDrugsandOxytocics

ⅠPurpose:

Tomasterthepharmacologicaleffectsandtheclinicalusesofantihistamines,antiasthmaticdrugsandoxytocics

ⅡContents:

A.Antihistamines

B.Antiasthmaticdrugs

C.Oxytocics

ⅢTime:

3.0hoursforteaching

Experiment13.AntagonismofLidocaineonArrhythmiaInducedbyOuabain

ⅠPurpose:

Toobservethetherapeuticeffectoflidocaineonarrhythmiainducedbyouabainandtofindoutthewaythatouabaininducesthearrhythmiainrabbits

ⅡContents:

A.Introductionoftheprincipleandmethodoftheexperiment

B.RecordingthenormalECGofrabbits,inducingthearrhythmiawithouabainandobservingthetherapeuticeffectoflidocaine

C.Analysisanddiscussion

ⅢTime:

0.5hourforteaching

2.0hoursformanipulation

0.5hourforanalysisanddiscussion

Experiment14.EffectofGlucocorticoidsonInflammation

ⅠPurpose:

Toobservetheantiinflammatoryeffectofglucocorticoids

ⅡContents:

A.Reviewingofthemechanismofactionofglucocorticoidsontheinflammation

B.Introductionoftheprincipleandmethodoftheexperiment

C.Establishingtheinflammationmodelontheearsofmiceandobservingtheantiinflammatoryeffectofglucocorticoids

D.Analysisanddiscussion

ⅢTime:

0.5hourforteaching

2.0hoursformanipulation

0.5hourforanalysisanddiscussion

Experiment15.ExperimentalExamination

ⅠPurpose:

Tocheckthebasicexperimentalskillsandtheabilitiestoresolveproblemsusingbasictheoriesofthestudents

ⅡContents:

A.Manipulation

B.Observationandanalysis

C.Conclusion

ⅢTime:

3.0hoursforexamination

Experiment16.EffectofAutonomicNerveSystemDrugsonIntestineinVitro

ⅠPurpose:

Furthergraspwhichreceptorsautonomicnervesystemdrugsactonandeffectsonsmoothmuscleofintestinesinvitro.Learnexperimentmethodofsmoothmuscleinvitro.

ⅡContents:

A.Introductionofthemethodonintestinalsmoothmuscleinvitro

B.Manipulation

C.Administrationandobservation

D.Di