复习非谓语动词

非谓语动词TheNon-finiteVerb英语基本句子结构：Abirdisflyinginthesy2Heloostired3IcansyroommotherboughtmeagiftgotuthemomenthetoooffhisglassesTas1girl_____________danceintheclassroomnow1学会判断何时使用非谓语动词girl___________danceintheclassroomnowandsheloosveryconfidentgirl_________（danceintheclassroomnowloosveryconfidentgirlwho___________danceintheclassroomnowloosveryconfidentisdancingisdancingdancingisdancing总结：一个句子中已经有一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下，另一个动词需要用非谓语动词。Eercise1判断下面句子应使用谓语还是非谓语boo_________writebySanMao2Iliereadingthenovels_________writebySanMao_________gointotheclassroom,oaeaeryesterdaygotoffthebus,but____________leaveherboointhebusgotoffthebus,____________holdherboowaswrittenwrittenwentloosmadeleftholdingTas2选择恰当的非谓语动词形式非谓语动词的三种基本形式:1动词不定式 一般式:todo,tobedone,完成式:tohavedone,havebeendone2现在分词 一般式:doing,beingdone完成式:havingdone,havingbeendone3过去分词:doneoremoneymeetingis___________holdnetwee总结：动词不定式todo在句中通常表______和______。toearntobeheld目的将来hearthenews,hecouldnothel_________danceintheTVnow总结：现在分词通常在句子表______和______pointatbyothers,hewastold“Nouonodiewhyyoutry”candrin__________boilwater总结：过去分词通常在句子表______和_____Hearingdancing主动进行Pointedboiled被动完成climbthemountainishardwortoomuchchocolateisbadforyourteethisnoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetownisnousecomesdoesharmtoteenagersTas3判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分总结：_________做主语一般表示具体某一次的动作;_________做主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念。不定式todo动名词-ingdo和doing可以做主语,todo特指具体某一次动作，doing表示一般的抽象的泛指概念。做形式主语的情况：Itisnouse/nogood/useless/awasteoftimedoingItisadjforsbtodoItisadjofsbtodo总结一：非谓语动词做主语jobistocleantheroomseverydaywishistobeadoctorinthefuturejobisusicnewsiseictingfelteictedTas4判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分总结：______做表语表示预定要发生的动作，也可表示未来的可能性和假设,但是当不定式所做的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，不具有未来的含义。______作表语多指抽象的概念性的动作，句子主语常是无生命的名称。_______作表语可以说明主语的性质特征“令人\使人…”不定式todo动名词-ing现在分词-ingdo,doing,done都可以做表语做表语形容物，译为“令人”做表语形容人或人的表情，译为“感到”1Thenewsis__________disappoint2Ifeel___________disappoint总结二：非谓语动词做表语disappointingdisappointed注意1:对称原则1Todotwothingsatatimeis_______doneitherSeeingis__________believe注意2不定式做表语时，如果前面有实意动词do的某种形式，作表语的不定式常省略to2WhatIwanttodomostinhighschoolis________imyEnglishtodobelievingtoimprove1Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasnotturnedupyet2Davidsuggestedsellingyourhouseandcartopaythedebt3Iforgottoclosethedoor4IforgotwritingtheletterTas5判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分do做宾语，口诀是：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。总结三：非谓语动词做宾语11Idecided_________studyharderthisterm2Heised__________heleyesterday做宾语，口诀是：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。总结三：非谓语动词做宾语21Thelawforbids________smoeinit/forbid/advisesbtodo2Ourteacherallowedus________gohomedo也可以接doing,意思不一样。RegrettodoregretdoingForgettodoforgetdoingRemembertodorememberdoingMeantodomeandoingTrytodotrydoingCannothelptodocannothelpdoinggoontodogoondoing总结三：非谓语动词做宾语31Iregret____________tellthatIcannotcome2Iregret____________tellhimtheresulttotelltelling4有些动词后既可以接todo也可以接doing,意思区别不大。如begin,start,continuetodo/doing如prefer,lie,love,hatetodo/doing总结三：非谓语动词做宾语41Helies_______swim,buthedoesnotlie______swimtoday,becauseitistoocold2Ididnotthinitconvenient_______writeaboutthematter在这种用法中常见的动词有thin,feel,mae,find,consider,believe等。注意1：it做形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在补语之后，todo做真正的宾语。swimmingtoswimtowrite注意4：介词butecept后常用不定式，前有do后省to4Wehadnochoicebut_______wait5Icoulddonothingecept________agree注意2：need,want,require意为“需要”时后接doing或者tobedoneworth,deservedoing主动表被动1Theplantswant_________waterdaily2Theplantswant____________waterdaily注意3：动词做介词的宾语时，要用doing3Theauthorbeginshisspeechby________describevarioussoundswateringtobewatereddescribingtowaitagree’smarryingMarymadehisindmy\meturninguisworers’nothavingenoughtime请观察以下句子1IwouldameofthechangeintheplanbeingnotablenottobeablenotbeingabletobenotableCCC1Ihavealotofthingstodoschoolfoundedin1911ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingweremanyonyonTVTas6判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分1Thequestion_____________discusstomorrowisveryimthewholecountryareeetoapplyforthisposition4Thehouses_________builtnowarefortheteacherstobediscussedselectedteachingbeingbuiltdo做定语表示将来的动作，常放在某些名词或代词后。总结四：非谓语动词做定语1Vt过去分词做定语表示被动，表完成。Vi的过去分词作定语仅表示完成如：fallenleaves落叶表完成IlietohearsongssungbyJacson表被动）现在分词做定语表示主动，表进行。如：fallingleaves正在落下的叶子表正在进行Therearelotsofstudentswishingtojoinus表主动1Therearetwoteachingbuildingsinourschool2aswimmingachine,awalingstic,areadingroom此外:动名词doing做定语表示它所修饰的词的用途，不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。此外：如果要表示“正被做”，用beingdone，表示“将被做”用tobedone总结四：非谓语动词做定语2注意1：如果不定式是Vi,或者不定式所修饰的名词或者代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。1Ihavenoroomto____________live2Hehasnopento____________write注意2：不定式常用来修饰被序数词,最高级或noanyall等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系3Hewasthebestman__________dothejob4Heisalwaysthefirst___________arriveattheschoolliveinwritewithtodotoarrive注意3：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用todo做定语1Ihavenochance________gosightseeing2Theability____________eportantastheideaitself注意4：若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动3Shehasasister___________looafter4Iwanttogotoyouhaveanything________buytogotoepresstolooaftertobeboughtteacherallowedustogohomeadvisedustogetueonecallingforheladehimstanding5Iwillhavemybierepaired6IsawthedoghitbyitsownerTas7判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分do做宾语补足语asadviseallowasbegencourageeitsbtodo1Thedocterwarnedhimnot______eattoomuch2Heasedme______finishtheworontime2分词作宾语补足语主要考查感官动词和使役动词的用法。一感feel；二听hearlistento；三让haveletmae；五看seelooatobservewatchnotice其中感官动词以see为例Seesbdosth____________Seesbdoingsth___________Seesb/sthdone_________________=sbbeseentodo填空并翻译1Isawhim___________leaveafewminutesagowasseen__________leaveafewminutesago3Isawthesuspect_____________enterthebuildingwhenIpassedby4Iwanttoseetheplan________________carryoutleavetoleaveenteringcarriedoutHave/mae/letsbdosth_________=getsbtodosthHave/getsb/sthdoing__________Have/mae/getletsthdone_________注意：在被动语态中，不定式的to要还原，如例2其中以使役动词have为例填空并翻译teacherhadsomestudents_____stayintheclassroomhadthefire______burnallnight3Iwillhavemybie______reorrowwasmade______wordayandnight注意1：在被动语态中，不定式to要还原注意2：Ihavealotofhomewor_______do这里的have翻译为“有”，不定式的to要保留。stayburningrepairedtowortodoTas8判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分,wemustworhardtooataitotheairplestillinitsoriginalcondition总结：1不定式作状语，do,inordertodo,soastodogotupearly__________catchthefirstbus2不定式作状语，todo,enoughtodo,tootodo,so/suchastodoisoldenough_______gotoschoolistootired________dothejobhurriedtotheschool,_________finditwasSunday目的tocatch结果togotodoonlytofind和过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语。常用结构为“主语系动词adjtodo”考点：常用在“主语系动词表语adjtodo”,主动表被动如：Englishiseasy_________learnThebooisveryhard______understandfacewithmanydifficulties,weshouldcalmourselvesdownfacemanydifficulties,weshouldcalmourselvesdown3_________translateintoEnglish,thesentencewaseasytounderstandseetheclotheswashed,TomfeltveryhappyFacedFacingTranslatedSeeingliveinLondonforyears,Ialmostnoweveryanyyears,thebieneedsrepairingHavinglivedHavingbeenshownNothavingreceivedHavingbeenused分词作状语的解题思路1判断是否是非谓语作状语2判断是否存在与横线后的介词构成固定搭配3如非固定搭配，找出横线处的逻辑主语与主句主语一致4判断主语跟动词之间的关系主动用ing,被动用ed5如非谓语的动作明显发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用完成式总结：分词可以作时间，原因，条件，结果，方式，让步等状语。考点1：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称为独立成分。Generallysparedto/withConsidering/seeing/given翻译1Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromtheSouth2Consideringyourhealth,youhadbetterhavearest独立主格：逻辑主语n/adj/adv/介词短语/todo/doing/done1Ireceivedmanygifts,manyofthemboosairaccident