新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson+77++++A+successful+operation++一例成功的手术

Lesson77Asuccessfuloperation一例成功的手术【Newwordsandexpressions】（14）mummy n.木乃伊Egyptian adj.埃及的temple n.庙mark n.斑点plate n.（照相）底片disease n.疾病last v.持续prove v.显示出resin n.树脂skin n.皮肤section n.切片figure n.（人的）体形；人像normally adv.通常地survive v.幸免于★mummy n.木乃伊(英)(儿语)妈妈mummies=mommy(美)木乃伊★Egyptian adj.埃及的Egyptiann.埃及人Egypt埃及Cairo（首都）开罗★temple n.庙庙eg.theShaolintemple少林寺(古代希腊，罗马，埃及的）神殿eg.aGreektemple希腊神殿殿堂eg.thetempleofart艺术的殿堂(4)太阳穴★mark n.斑点n.斑点，瑕疵eg.Herwetfeetleftmarksonthefloor.她的湿脚在地板上留下了印迹。n.记号，符号eg.makeamarkonthewallwithachalk用粉笔在墙上作记号punctuationmarks标点符号n.分数，得分=grade(美）eg.schoolmarks学校的成绩getgoodmarksinEnglish英语成绩很高gainhighmarksinmaths数学考试取得好分数Onyourmarks!Getset!Go!(赛跑时的口令）各就各位，预备！起(跑)!v.做记号于…，留下痕迹于…，弄脏eg.Shemarkedtheimportantwordswitharedpencil.她用红笔把重要词汇作了标记。afacemarkedwithworries面带愁容v.留下痕迹，留下伤痕eg.Thisfloormarksveryeasily.这地板很容易留下脏痕。v.给…分，给…评分数eg.Theteachermarkedmorethan80exampapers.老师改了80多份试卷。★plate n.（照相）底片(照相）底片（浅）盘，平盘碟dish通常指金属制或陶瓷器的大盘子plate每人放置所分得的事物的盘子bowl碗saucer茶托；茶杯碟(菜的）一盘（份），一人份的菜eg.aplateofmeat一份肉Thedinnercost50dollarsaplate.这顿饭每人花费50美元。相关短语：eg.haveaperson…onaplate轻而易举地给（某人）=giveaperson…onaplatehavealotonone’splate(口)有很多（太多）该做的事=havetoomuchonone’splate★disease n.疾病eg.Heissufferingfromheartdisease.他患有心脏病。cureadisease治疗疾病stomachdisease胃病dis(否定）+ease(安乐)疾病★last v.持续v.延续，持续eg.Ourvacationlasts20days.我们的假期持续了20天。TherainyseasonlastsuntilJuly.雨季延续到7月。v.耐久，支持eg.Thiscoathaslastedwell.这件外衣经久耐用。Helastedforfivedaysunderground.他在地底下撑了5天。v.熬过…时候；度过，足够维持到（某期间）eg.Thepatientisn’texpectedtolastthenight.没有人认为那位病人会熬得过晚上。Thefood/moneywilllastusthreedays.这些食物/钱够我们用3天。lastout…足够维持到…（期间），支撑eg.Thegasolinewon’tlastouttillwegettoNewYork.汽油不够我们用到纽约了。lastingadj.持久的，连续性的eg.alastingpeace持久的和平★provev.显示出v.证明，证实(togiveproofof,showtobetrue)（后面可跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等）eg.Iwillproveittoyou.我将会证明给你看Hehasprovedhiscourageinbattle.他在战役中证明了他的勇气。Canyouprovethattothecourt?你能对法庭证明这一点吗？ｖ．实验（totest)eg.Inordertoprovetheservant’shonesty,sheleftabagcontainingmoneyonthetable.为了试探仆人是否诚实，她把一个装有钱的包留在桌子上。v.显示出，表明prove+adj.eg.Itprovesdifficulttodothejobbyherself.prove+tobe+adj.eg.Itprovestobeofn.证明eg.Ibelievewhatyousay:Idon’twantanyproof.我相信你的话：我不需要任何证明。adj.防…的，耐…的eg.Thistentmaterialisproofagainstwater.这个帐篷材料是防水的。n.+proofadj.防…的，耐…的eg.waterproof防水的bulletproof防弹的soundproof隔音的★resin n.树脂raisinn.葡萄干（读音接近）★skin n.皮肤(动物或人体的）皮，皮肤eg.askindisease皮肤病Womenliketohavesoftskin.妇女都想拥有细嫩的皮肤。（从动物体上剥取的）兽皮，毛皮eg.manyskinsneededtomakeafurcoat做一件毛皮大衣需要很多兽皮acoatmadeofsheepskin羊皮大衣(某些果实或蔬菜的）外皮，皮eg.bananaskins香蕉皮onionskins洋葱皮相关短语：saveone’sskin逃命，免受损害getundersomeone’sskin使（某人）恼怒，惹怒（某人）skinandbone(s)瘦，皮包骨undertheskin在内心里，在肚子里★section n.切片n.切片n.区域，部门，阶层，段落，章节eg.thebusinesssectionofacity城市的商业区allsectionsofacountry全国各界allsectionsofthepopulation全国各阶层sportssection体育版面(3)n.剖面，截面★figure n.（人的）体形；人像人像，画像eg.Agroupoffiguresontheleftofthepicture.在照片左边的一群人像。体形eg.doexercisestoimproveone’sfigure做运动以改进身材。辨析：body人本身，画家会使用body，表示身材figure身材，尤指穿上衣服而言eg.Shehasagoodfigure.她有好身材。Shehasabadfigure.她有坏身材。要人，名士(VIP)eg.HewasbothapoliticalandareligiousfigureinIndianhistory.他是印度历史上政界和宗教界的要人。数字eg.cutquiteafigure露头角，放异彩，仪表甚佳cutapoorfigure给人不好的印象，出丑，露拙相★normally adv.通常地通常地eg.Inormallygotobedearly,butIstayeduplatelastnight.我通常很早睡觉，但昨晚我熬夜了。正常地eg.behavingnormallyinspiteofanxiety尽管很担心还是表现正常anormallyactivechild活泼正常的孩子normaladj.正常的，一般的eg.normalworkinghoursfrom9to59点至5点的正常工作时间normaltemperatures正常温度（指人）正常发展的，身心正常的eg.anormalchildineveryway各方面都很正常的孩子normalizev.正常化(尤指国家之间的关系）eg.Relationswereslowtonormalizeafterthewar.战后国家关系正常化很慢。★survive v.幸免于死里逃生，大难不死eg.Wesurvived,thoughothersdiedintheaccident.尽管其他人在事故中丧生了，我们死里逃生。经历…之后还活着eg.Wesurvivedtheaccident.我们幸免于难。Shesurvivedhersons.她的儿子都先她去世。survivorn.死里逃生者，生还者，残存者survivaln.幸存，生还，死里逃生【Text】ThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.ThemummyisthatofShepenmutwhowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.Theonlywaytodothiswastooperate.Theoperation,whichlastedforoverfourhours,provedtobeverydifficultbecauseofthehardresinwhichcoveredtheskin.Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.TheyalsofoundsomethingwhichtheX-rayplatesdidnotshow:asmallwaxfigureofthegodDuamutef.Thisgodwhichhastheheadofacowwasnormallyplacedinsideamummy.Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.Theyfearedthatthemummywouldfalltopieceswhentheycutitopen,butfortunatelythishasnothappened.Themummysuccessfullysurvivedtheoperation.参考译文死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。搞清的唯一办法就是手术。手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。【课文讲解】1、ThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.whodiedin800B.C.(定语从句）B.C.(BeforeChrist)公元前A.D.(AnnoDomini拉丁语）公元后B.C.=BeforeChrist公元前，放在年代的后面。D.公元，放在年代的前面,常常可以省略。公元1066年：A.D.1066/1066A.D.haveanoperation接受手术operationn.[u]工作，操作eg.Theoperationofabignewmachinecanbehardtolearn.一部大型新机器的操作是很难学会的。performanoperationonsb.for…给…做手术eg.He’llperformanoperationonherforadiseasedlung.他要为她做肺部手术。n.[c]工作，行动eg.beginoperations开展业务adifficultoperation一项艰巨的行动2、ThemummyisthatofShepenmutwhowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.that指代上文当中出现的名词themummy。在指代特指事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that和those指代提到的事物。thatof和thoseof一般用于较正式的文体中。whowasonceasinger中who引导定语从句修饰ShepenmutTempleofThebes底比斯神庙3、AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.takenofthemummy是过去分词短语作定语修饰X-rayplatestaketheplatesof…给…拍片子takeapictureofsb.给…照相havebeentrying一直（现在完成进行时）findout查出，揭露eg.Iwon’ttellyou,youmustfindoutforyourself.我不会告诉你的，你必须自己去查出真相。揭发（恶行）eg.I’vefoundyououtatlast,youcheat!我终于把你揭发了，骗子！(美）寻找（某人）eg.tofindoutone’srelativesinChina寻找在中国的亲戚find得知，发觉，查出eg.findtheanswertoaquestion找出问题答案Pleasefind(out)whattimetheyarecoming.请弄清楚他们什么时候来。IfindthatIhaveplentyoftimenow.我发现我现在有很多时间。die是瞬间动词，不能和段时间连用。要和段时间连用，就必须变成系表结构bedead。die不能用bedoing形式。若用了bedoing，表示即将发生的动作。dieof+内因死于……eg.dieofhunger死于饥饿dieofafever死于高烧diefrom+外因死于……diefromawound死于外伤(在日常生活表达当中，dieof和diefrom可以互换。）diebyone’sownhand自杀diehard(指旧观念，习俗等）一时很难根除、消失4、Theonlywaytodothiswastooperate.way+of做……的方式（做定语）way+todo做……的方式（做定语）Theoperation,whichlastedforoverfourhours,provedtobeverydifficultbecauseofthehardresinwhichcoveredtheskin.whichlastedforoverfourhours中which引导非限定性定语从句whichcoveredtheskin中which引导定语从句修饰hardresinprovetobe+adj.显示出…=turnouttobe…skin皮肤leather皮革compexion肤色eg.Hardresincoveredtheskin.裹着皮肤的硬硬的树脂。Thisbriefcaseismadeofleather.这个公文包是皮做的。Lookatherrosycheeks.Shehasalovelycomplexion.看着她玫瑰色的面颊，她的肤色太美了。Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.asectionofthemummy木乃伊的切片TheyalsofoundsomethingwhichtheX-rayplatesdidnotshow:asmallwaxfigureofthegodDuamutef.whichtheX-rayplatesdidnotshow中的which引导定语从句修饰somethingwax蜡candle蜡烛awaxcandle蜡烛waxfigure蜡像eg.Thelightswentout,sowelitcandles.灯熄灭了，所以我们点燃蜡烛。（lightv.-lit-lit)Thisgodwhichhastheheadofacowwasnormallyplacedinsideamummy.whichhastheheadofacow中which引导定语从句修饰god9、Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.howthewomandied中how引导宾语从句作decide的宾语what对名词提问，how对副词或介词短语提问。how在这里是对ofsth.提问的。要想用what提问，died后面加of。decidev.做出最终的判断，对……下判决，解决（悬案）10、Theyfearedthatthemummywouldfalltopieceswhentheycutitopen,butfortunatelythishasnothappened.fearv.+（that)…担心…，恐怕eg.Ifearwe’llbelate.我们担心会迟到。forfear(n.)that…以免，因恐eg.Shutthewindowforfear(that)itmayrain.关掉窗子，以免下雨。falltopieces=gotopieces碎成碎片，散掉eg.Duringthestorm,theoldhousefelltopieces.Aftertwoyearstheirmarriagefelltopieces.cut…open切…开cut(拍电影时）停拍11、Themummysuccessfullysurvivedtheoperation.successfuladj.成功的【KeyStructures】一般过去时/现在完成时/现在完成进行时一般过去时：过去某时发生的动作或处于的状态。eg.TheEgyptianwomandiedin800B.C..现在完成时：过去某个动作对现在存在的影响，或过去动作一直延续到现在还能延续下去。eg.Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.现在完成进行时：强调过去动作对现在的影响，通常表示动作一直进行着，一直发生着。eg.Theyhavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.医生一直试图搞清楚这位妇女是否死于罕见的疾病。【SpecialDifficulties】B.C.andA.D.B.C.=BeforeChrist公元前（位于年代之后）TheRomansinvadedEnglandin55B.C.A.D.=annoDomini(=intheyeareoftheLord=sinceChristwasborn)公元前（位于年代之前）GeorgeIdiedinA.D.1727.Skin，LeatherandComplexionskinn.人体的