Unit 5 Force of Nature 知识点梳理汇总

Unit5ForceofNatureTextComprehensionDecidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'spurpose.TodisplayMarieCurie'scareerasaNobelPrizewinner.TohonorMarieCuriewhomademagnificentcontributioninscience.TounfoldMarieCurie'scomplexlifeasgloriousandtragic.TointroduceMarieCurieandherfamily.Key:[C]Judge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse..AtfirstIonlyknewthatMarieCurie,abrilliantwomanscientist,wasthefirstpersontowintwoNobelPrizes.[T].MarieCuriewasobsessivelyengagedinherresearchafterherdaughterswereborn.[F].Asgovernesstoawealthyfamily,MarieCuriefellinlovewithCasimirZorawski,theyoungmaster.Ashisfatherthreatenedtodisinherithim,sheleftWarsawwithcourageforParis,wherehernewlifebegan.[T].MarieCurieleftWarsawforParisattheageof18.[F].TheplacewheretheCurieswereworkingwasdark,damp,shabby,andsad,morelikeastablethanalab.[T].TheCuriesbecameworldfamous,especiallyaftertheywonaNobelPrizeinphysicsin1903forthediscoveryofradiumandpolonium.[F].EveCurie,ayearoldwhenherfatherdied,wrotethatPierre'sdeathmarkedacrucialmomentinhermother'slife.[F].Shortlyafterherhusband'sfuneral,MadameCuriewentintothelabimmediatelythoughsheshouldhavestayedwithherfamilyandfriends.[T].AsecondNobelPrizeinchemistrywasawardedtotheCuriesforisolatingtheelementsradiumandpolonium.[F].Accordingtotheauthor,MadameCurieconqueredcolossalobstaclesinscience,butpaidanenormouspersonalprice.Herlifewassocomplexthatherglorywasmingledwithtragedy.[T]WritingStrategiesThistextisabiographicalsketchofthegreatwomanscientistMarieCurie.Exceptforthefirstthreeparagraphs,whichmakeuptheintroductorypartofthestory,thenarrationofthemajoreventsinMadameCurie'slifefollowsthechronologicalorder.Tomakehernarrationanddescriptionmoregraphicalandimpressive,theauthorhasusedsomemetaphoricalexpressionsandsentences.Forexample,theexpression'dragby'usedinparagraph4immediatelymakesthereadersharethewayMariefeltaboutthosefourlongyearsofwaiting.Canyoufindmoreinstancesofmetaphoricallanguageusedinthetext?6Moreinstancesofmetaphoricallanguagefoundinthetext:Paragraph1:"herarmswrappedaroundherdaughters"Paragraph3:Alsoshewasawomandrivenbypassions,fightingbattlesmuchofherlifewithNinacirclesbacktoherchildhood.Herjourneythroughtimeisconnectedinsomefundamentalwaytothefactthatsheisnowafamousmusicianherself.Sheisanxioustosharehersuccessandhappinesswithherfather.FunTime&MemorableQuotes.FunTime.MemorableQuotes:QuotationsbyMarieCurie“Nothinginlifeistobefeared,itisonlytobeunderstood.Nowisthetimetounderstandmore,sothatwemayfearless/“Onenevernoticeswhathasbeendone;onecanonlyseewhatremainstobedone/“Therearesadisticscientistswhohurrytohuntdownerrorsinsteadofestablishingthetruth/whatadoctornowwouldprobablydiagnoseasseveredepression.Paragraph5:"walkedintohistory".Paragraph7:"Therealitywasalotgrittier"Paragraph9:FortheCuries,though,theirtriumphcontainedtheseedsoftheirtragedy.Paragraph10:"Acapeofsolitudeandsecrecyfelluponhershouldersforever."Whilethepurposeofwritingabiographicalsketchorabiographyistopresentthemajoreventsthathappenduringthelifetimeofthepersonconcerned,itisalsocommonforthewritertoofferhis/herownpersonalassessment.MadameCurieisrecognizedbythewholeworldasarenownedscientist,butsheappealstotheauthornotjustasagreatscientist,but,perhapsmoreessentially,asawoman.Thispointismadeclearinthesentenceinthelastparagraph:TheMarieCuriethatIdiscoveredwasnoiconbutaflesh-and-bloodwoman.Canyoufindsomesupportingevidenceofthispointintheintroductorypartofthetext?■^Elaborationofthispointismainlyfoundinthesecondparagraphofthetext:Lookingback,IthinkIadmiredthatphotosomuch,notbecauseofMarieCurieandwhatshestoodforbutbecausesheseemedsoexotic-ormaybebecauseofhowherarmsencircledhergirls.Myownmotherlayinthehospital,recoveringfromagraveinjuryinacarcrash.Iwantedhertoholdme,butshecouldn't.So,instead,IidolizedMarie,whoinmymindbecamethestrongestandmostcapablewomanintheworld.LanguageWorkExplaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords..Ididn'tknowverymuchaboutCuriebeyondthebasics.-exceptthemostimportantaspectsofherlife.Iwasjustagirlwithlittledirection…今havingnoconcretegoalsorpurposestoattain.MarieCurie'sowndaughtersgrewintoaccomplishedwomenintheirownright.fbecauseoftheirowneffortsandtalents....formonthsshe'dfindplacestohidesoshecouldcryhereyesout.6crytoherheart'scontent....whereshechangedhername,enrolledattheSorbonne-andwalkedintohistory.9andthuslaunchedherjourneytobecomesb.toremember....Pierre'sdeathmarkedthedefiningmomentinhermother'slife.6representedthemostcrucialchangeFillineachblankwithoneofthetwowordsfromeachpairintheirappropriateformsandnotethedifferenceofmeaningbetweenthem.glistening luminousExplanation:Luminousdescribesasourceoflight,indicatingthebrightnessorclarity,butitcanalsospecificallysuggestasoftorbarelyperceivableradianceoroneenclosedwithinorseenthroughsomethingelse.Glisteningisalmostexclusivelyrestrictedtoreflectedlight,although

sometimesitdoessuggestinadditiontodimnessanundulatingreflectionoramoistsurface..Theluminouswallpaperhadattractivesilhouettesofyoungwomen..Theluminousstarsintheclearnorthernnightskybroughtbackallthebeautifulmemoriesofherchildhood..Asix-personshowerwasfullofglisteningnakedbodiesandatangleofarmsandlegs..Hecouldseethegunners,theireyeshiddenbehindgogglesandtheirfaces©istenin。withsweat.More:brilliant:verybright,splendid,orshowyinappearance.radiant:sendingoutlightorheatinalldirections,shinning;(ofaperson)showingloveandhappinessshiny:esp.ofasmoothsurfacelookingasifpolishedbright:givingoutorthrowingbacklightverystrongly;fullylight;famous,gloriousgraveseriousgraveBothwordsemphasizesomethingthatisurgentorcrucialandthatpromisestohaveanextremelyundesirableoutcome.Graveisthemorerestrictedofthetwo,specificallysuggestingsomethingthatmaywellhaveafatalconclusion.Seriousismoregeneralanditsuggeststhecrucial,ponderous,orsolemn,butwithlessemphasisonurgencyandevenlessonnegativeeventualities..TheAIDSpatientfinallycouldn'tsurvivethexraveillnessandlefthisfivehelplesschildrenatthemercyofcharity..Thisisaseriousandgood-faithefforttotrytoengageinadialogue..TheUSfinallybecameseriousabouttopplingSaddamandthedevastatingwarbegan..Wehadtotipupthebedandthemodelwasingravedangeroffallingoffit.More:significant:asignificantamountoreffectislargeenoughtobeimportantoraffectasituationtoanoticeabledegreesolemn:someoneorsomethingthatissolemnisveryseriousratherthancheerfulorhumorousbasic:ifonethingisbasictoanother,itisabsolutelynecessarytoit,andthesecondthingcannotexist,succeed,orbeimaginedwithoutitfantasyimaginationfantasyimaginationBothwordsrefertothemind'spowertocallupimages,topictureorconceivethingsthatarenotactuallybeforetheeyeorwithintheexperience.Fantasyisimaginationdivorcedfromreality.Thecreationsoffantasymaybedelightfullybizarreormaybeweirdandgrotesque,asinthecaseofscience-fictionstoriesdepictingmonstrousbeingsfromMars.Engagedinfantasy,theimaginationprojectsunrealimagesorimaginaryscenesonthescreenofthemind,creatingadreamworld..Inlivesthatarealwaysdifficulttocomprehend,weareallaccustomedtoretreatingintoaworldoffantasy,illusionandomnipotence..Seeingthedomeatclosequarters,Iwasstruckbyitsfailureofimagination,itssheerugliness.3).ShetorturedherselfwithfantasiesofBobandhisnewgirlfriend.4).DoomsdayfantasieshavehauntedthepopularimaLinotionofthiscentury,fromnuclearArmageddontoalieninvasions.More:fiction:fictionreferstobooksandstoriesaboutimaginarypeopleandevents,ratherthanbooksaboutrealpeopleoreventsfallacy:afallacyisanideawhichmanypeoplebelievetobetrue,butwhichisinfactfalsebecauseitisbasedonincorrectinformationorreasoningprominent outstandingBothwordsrefertosomethingofunusualdistinctionorrelevancebyreasonofitsexcellenceormotivatingforce.Outstanding,besidesitsgeneralmeaningofbeingexcellent,suggestsafeaturethatissharplydistinctfromitssurroundings.Prominentcarrieslesssuggestionsofexcellencethanoutstanding,anditmaypointtostatusgainedonothergroundsentirely,orsuggestmerelyfamiliaritytoawideaudience..Tinawaspresentedwithatrophyforheroutstandingcontributiontothemusicindustry..TheFords1familyiswealthyandsociallyprominent,andnowintendstoenterintopolitics..IthastobethemostbeautifulclubhouseinDenmark,andtherestaurantisquiteoutstanding..ProminentAmericaneducators,suchasHoraceMann,HenryBarnard,etc.soughttoincreaseeducationalopportunityforallchildrenbycreatingthecommon-schoolmovement.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordorphrasetakenfromthebox,usingitsappropriateform.obsessively congeal icon luminousmetamorphosis fete pernicious definitelyretreat devastating ashredof afleetof.Ausefuldefinitionofanairpollutantisacompoundaddeddirectlyorindirectlybyhumanstotheatmosphereinsuchquantitiesastoaffecthumans,animals,vegetation,ormaterials..Themostdistantluminousobjectsseenbytelescopesareprobablytenthousandmillionlightyearsaway.."Wantsomewine?"sheasked.Hesmiledandtookaswigfromthebottle.Hethankedherandretreatedagainintohissilence..Theself-educatedsonofaDelawarefarmer,Evansbecameobsessedbythepossibilitiesofmechanizedproductionandsteampower..Stonecarversengravedtheirmotifsofskullsandcrossbonesandotherreligiousiconsofdeath,intothegrayslabsthatwestillseestandingtodayinoldburialgrounds..Theemploymentdepartmenthasundergoneseveralmetamorphosesoverthepastfewyears..Respectisnevergivenfreely;everyshredofithastobeearnedandyouearnitbyhowwellyoutreatothers..Theprofessorarguedthatthesebookshadaperniciouseffectonyoungandsusceptibleminds.Makeasentenceofyourownforeachofthegivenwordswithmeaningsotherthanthoseusedinthetext.Youmaychangethepartofspeechofthesewords..up9Hesuddenlystoppedtalking,andhisfriendsknewsomethingwasup..crash6Theangrywifedroppedthetrayofbowlsandplateswithacrash..accomplished-Numerousexperimentshaveshownthatoncetheconceptofselfischanged,otherthingsconsistentwiththenewconceptofself,areaccomplishedeasilyandwithoutstrain..stroke今Shelookeddownatherlapwhileonehandabsentlystrokedtheother..stable9Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration..defining今Worksheetsrequiredefiningtheprobleminaclearandconcisewayandthenlistingallpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.5.Rewritethefollowingsentencesinsuchawayastoavoiddanglingnon-finiteclauses..Readinginbed,myhandsoftengetverycold.6WhenIreadinbed,myhandsoftengetverycold..Whilecleaninghisgunitwentoffunexpectedly.6Hewascleaninghisgunwhenitwentoffunexpectedly..Whencarryingagunitshouldneverbepointedatanyone.6Whencarryingagun,youshouldneverpointitatanyone..Fallingfromsuchaheight,wethoughthewouldneversurvive.-Wethoughtfallingfromsuchaheighthewouldneversurvive..Tiedtoapost,theseawastossingtheboatupanddown.今Tiedtoapost,theboatwastossedupanddownbythesea..Barkingfuriously,Iledthedogoutoftheroom.6Barkingfuriously,thedogwasledoutoftheroom..Readingtheletterasecondtime,themeaningbecomesclearer.>Beingreadasecondtime,theletterbecomesclearerinmeaning..Wonderingwheretogo,anadvertisementcaughthereye.今Asshewaswonderingwheretogo,anadvertisementcaughthereye..Whilesittingatthefootofacliffastonefellonhim.6Hewassittingatthefootofacliffwhenastonefellonhim..Whenplantingtheseflowerscaremustbetakennottodamagetheroots.今Whenplantingtheseflowersyoumusttakecarenottodamagetheroots.Translation1.TranslatingSentences.研究人员建议，人到老年应该多参加个人或集体的心理和生理活动。(engagein)今Researcherssuggestthatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.engagedintakepartinaparticularactivity,especiallyonethatinvolvescompetingwithotherpeopleortalkingtothemeg.Hehasengagedinadisputewithhisformerbusinesspartner..他在奥运会上夺冠让他一夜之间成了在家乡受人敬慕的人物。(toast)今ThefactthathewonthegoldmedalattheOlympicGamesmadehimovernightthetoastofhishometown.toastn.apersonwhoisthesubjectofpublicadulatione.g.AfterthesuccessofhershowshewasthetoastofBroadway..许多国家政要前来这里，对他的一生成就表示诚挚的敬意。(payhomage)今Manystatesleaderscametopayhomagetohimforhislifetimeachievements.paytribute/homagetosomeonetosayordosomethingthatshowsyourespectandadmiresomeonealote.g.Weareheretonighttopaytributetooneofthegreatestactorsofalltime..我认为快速的生活变化和全球化很可能让人们不再单一执著。(single-minded)今Isupposethattherapidchangeinlifeandglobalizationareapttomakepeoplebecomelesssingle-minded.single-mindeda.withyourattentionfixedononlyonethinge.g.single-mindeddedication/devotion/commitmentsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccessnotallowingyourselftobeinfluencedbyotherpeoplee.g.She'salwaysbeenverysingle-mindedinpursuinghercareer..他没能赢得第二个冠军，浇灭了他对体育活动的热情。(dampen)今Hisfailureinwinningasecondchampionshipdampenedhisenthusiasmforathleticactivities,dampen/dampendowntomakesomethingsuchasafeelingorhopelessstronge.g.Notevendefeatcoulddampentheenthusiasmofhissupporters..货币再次出现贬值，经济复苏的期望随之远去。(fadeaway)6Expectationsforeconomicrecoveryfadedawaywhendevaluationoccurredagain.fadeawaytodisappearslowlye.g.Herfootstepsfadedawaydownthestaircase..有些艾滋病人，从HIV病毒入侵到发病，中间会相隔几年。(onset)分InsomeAIDSpatients,thereareseveralyearsbetweenexposuretoHIVvirusandtheonsetoftheillness.onsetn.thebeginningofsomething,especiallysomethingbade.g.theonsetofthedisease.姑娘悲悲凄凄的叙述深深地打动了老太太的心。(pitiful)今Thepitifulstorytoldbythegirldeeplysoftenedtheoldlady'sheart.pitifuladj.lookingorsoundingsounhappythatyoufeelsympathyandsadnesse.g.Thescrawnylittlekittenlookedsopitifuloutintherain.Therefugeecampwasapitifulsight.TranslatingPassageTranslatethefollowingintoChinese.AlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasamanofmanycontrasts.Hewasasonofabankruptman,butbecameamillionaire;ascientistwithaloveofliterature,anindustrialistwhomanagedtoremainidealist.Hemadeafortunebutlivedasimplelife,andalthoughcheerfulincompanyhewasoftensadinprivate.Aloverofmankind,heneverhadawifeorfamilytolovehim;apatrioticsonofhisnativeland,hediedaloneonforeignsoil.Heinventedanewexplosive-dynamite,toimprovethepeacetimeindustriesofminingandroadbuilding,butsawitusedasaweaponofwartokillandinjurehisfellowmen.Duringhisusefullifeheoftenfelthewasuseless.Worldfamousforhisworks,hewasneverpersonallywellknown,forthroughouthislifeheavoidedpublicity,butsincehisdeath,hisnamehasbroughtfameandglorytoothers.参考译文：瑞典发明家和实业家阿尔弗雷德•诺贝尔是一个在各方面对比鲜明的人。他是一个破产者的儿子，但成了百万富翁。他是一个科学家，却又爱好文学。他是一个实业家，但坚持理想主义。他很有钱，然而生活简朴。和友人在一起他兴致勃勃，可私下里时常郁郁寡欢。他热爱人类，却未曾有妻子和儿女去关爱他。对祖国他一片赤子之心，却孑然一身，客死异乡。他发明了一种新炸药，以改进采矿和筑路等和平时期工业，但他却目睹炸药被用作战争武器杀伤同伴。在他有用的一生中，他常常感到自己无所作为。他的成就名扬天下，而他自己却始终默默无闻，殊不知他一生总是在回避抛头露面。但是他逝世以后，他的名字却给别人带来了名誉和荣耀。。TipsfordiscussionMarieCuriewontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1903andinChemistryin1911.Therefore,inourmind,shemustseemasgreatasEinstein,Edison,andsomeotherworldfamousscientists.NowthatwehavestudiedthepassageForceofNature,inwhichtheauthorBarbaraGoldsmithapproachedthegreatscientistanddepictedherasanordinarywoman.TakingintoconsiderationBarbara'sstatementthatMarieCuriewasnoiconbutaflesh-and-bloodwoman,youcanfocusinyourdiscussiononthefollowingpoints:Marie'sattitudetowardsherfirstromance;thephotoinwhichshewassittingunderanelmtree,withherdaughterswrappedinherarms;herreactionstohermother'sdeathwhenshewasten;whatshewrotetoPierreafterhisfuneral;hereffortstorescuewoundedsoldiersduringWorldWarI.ListeningExercisesListenforthemainideasanddetails.Task1:Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthespeaker'spurpose?WHOtriestotrackdownthecauseofSARS.WHOhasfoundwaystotreatSARS.WHOwarnsthatSARSisaepidemicasinfluenza.WHOreportsthatonlyChinaisnowaffectedbySARS.Key:[A]Task2:Determinewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse..TheWorldHealthOrganizationstilldoesnotknowthecauseofSARS,amysteriousrespiratoryillness.[T].ThediseasebeganinAsiaandhasnotspreadtootherregionsoftheworld.[F].Ninelaboratoriesinfivecountriesaretryingtotrackdownthecauseofthisdisease.[F].AccordingtoDr.Heymann,theinformationfromChinawillhopefullyprovidesomeanswersastohowSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromecanbetreated.[T].ThediseaseidentifiedinChinaisthesameasthatfoundinothercountries.[F].ThemedicalcommunityisalarmedbecauseitdoesnotknowhowtotreattheSARS.[F].About20millionpeoplediedofinfluenzain1918,morethanthosekilledinWorldWarI.[T].SARSisnotspreadingasrapidlyasinfluenzabecauseonlypeoplewhohavebeeninclosecontactwithactualpatientsareatrisk.[T].AfterthefirstcasesofSARSwerereportedinVietnamandChina,itnowhasspreadtoCanadaandseveralAfricancountries.[F].About400peopleintheworldhavecontractedthedisease,SARS.[T].SARSisveryseriousbecauseitisquiteeasytocatch.[F].ThosewhoarepronetoSARSarehospitalworkersorfamilymemberswhohavehadveryclosecontactwiththepatients.[T].ThesymptomsofSARSincludecoughing,highfeverandshortnessofbreath.[T]ScriptWHOTryingtoTrackDownCauseofUnknownRespiratoryIllnessTheWorldHealthOrganizationsaiditstilldoesnotknowthecauseofamysteriousrespiratoryillnessthatisbeingblamedforthedeathsofninepeople.Thedisease,knownasSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome(SARS),beganinAsiaandhasnowspreadtootherregionsoftheworld.OfficialsattheWorldHealthOrganizationsayelevenlaboratoriesinninecountriesaretryingtotrackdownthecauseofthisdisease,whichfirstappearedinChinainNovember2002.TheheadofWHO'scommunicablediseasesprogram,DavidHeymann,saidtheagencyhopesthatinformationgatheredfromChinaoverthelastfourmonthswillprovidesomeanswersastohowthedisease,SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome,canbetreated.But,asofnow,hesaiditisnotcertainthatthediseaseidentifiedinChinaisthesameasthatfoundinothercountries.Dr.Heymannsaidthemedicalcommunityisalarmedbecauseitdoesnotknowwhatiscausingtheillness."Weareveryconcernedinitiallythatthiscouldbeaninfluenzavirus,andthisisstillbeinglookedatinthe11laboratoriestomakesureitisnot,becausethescientificcommunitytellsusthattherewillbeanothermajorworldepidemicofinfluenzaagainoneday.Thisisinevitableaccordingtothescientificcommunity.Sowehavetobeonguard,"Dr.Heymannsaid.About20millionpeoplediedintheinfluenzapandemicof1918,morethanthosewerekilledinWorldWarI.Dr.Heymannemphasizesthereisnoevidencethatanythingasseriousasthisisoccurringnow.Infact,hesaysthediseaseisnotspreadingasrapidlyasanormalinfluenza,andonlypeoplewhohavebeen