12月01日托福全科机经范文

20181201TaskTaskWhatwouldyoudoifyoucanstartacompanywithyourWell,personallyspeaking,Iwouldstartadronecompany.First,becauseIreallyenjoythehigh-techinnovation,anddronedefinitelyismyfavorite.Andmanyofmyfriendssharethispassionaswell.Soitisprettyawesomethatwecanstartthisdronecompanytopassourhigh-techlovetootherpeople.Also,DronesareahotindustryrightnowwithAmazontestingoutdeliverywithdrones.Droneshavemanyapplicationsandusesandmorearebeingdiscovered.Assuch,Iwouldcreateastart-upthatmanufactureddronesforallpurposesandseewhatneedsneedtobemetandthenpivotaccordingly.TaskTaskSomepeopleagreecompetitionwillmotivatestudents,somepeoplethinkcompetitionhasnegativeinfluence,whatisyouropinion?么就要注意说话不要重复，找好角度进行展开,注意叙述逻辑。Frommypointofview,Itotallyagreethatcompetitionwillmotivatestudentsandhelpthemalot.Firstreasonisthatcompetitioncangetstudentsmoreactivelyinvolvedintheclass.Ifwetrytolearnnewstaff,Ithinkcompetitioncanmakelearningseemlikeagame,whichmakestheprocessmorefunandeffective.Andalso,somestudentsthriveunderpressure,whichisagreatthing.Especiallysomehighperformersthatmightotherwisebeboredcanbecomemotivated,becausetheyhaveahighchanceofsuccess.Ofcourse,competitioninteamscanleadtobettercooperationandsenseofcommunity.TaskTaskAproposalsuggestthatschoolshouldchangetheirmealplan.SinceitisveryexpensiveandnotCansavemoneytobuyotherkindofItdoesn’tofferfoodatlateInthereadingmaterial,itsuggeststhatschoolshouldchangetheirmealplan.Becausefirst,sometimesit’stooexpensiveforstudents.Also,thefood-offeringtimeisveryinflexible.Andintheconversation,themanagreeswiththisproposal.First,hethinksthatalotofrestaurantsaroundthetownhavedifferentanddeliciousfood,whichismuchmoreworth-tryingcomparedtothefoodofferinginschool’scafeteria.Ifhewantstotrysomenewfood,likeMongolianfood,hecanjustgooutandenjoyinsteadofpayingschool’smealplan.Whatismore,themansometimesplayvolleyballandgetbacktoschoolverylate,however,thecafeteriadidnotofferanyfoodatthatlatehour,whichisquietinconvenientforhim.Sincehereallyinneedoffoodtoprovideenergyandessentialnutrients.TaskTaskSomeanimalscannaturallyresistheattofindfoodandavoidpredator.Ainsectcansurvivalinextremeheat.Example:Silverantsnormallyforagingfoodatnooninspiteoftheheat,bydoingthis,itcanalsohidefromthelizard.Thereadingisaboutanacademicconceptcalledthermophilicinsectandtheprofessorexplainsthisconceptbygivinganexamples.Accordingtothelecturethatainsectcansurvivalinextremehotenvironment.Andthentheprofessorsaysthatsilverantsnormallyforagingfoodatdaylightwhenthetemperatureisreallyhigh.Ithaslonglegs,whichpreventthemfromhotground.Andbydoingthis,itcanavoidfromtheirnaturalpredatorlizard,whichisprettysensitivetohottemperature.ThisisareallifeexamplehowanimalcansurvivalinextremehotTaskTaskProblem:HastotakecareofhernieceandHastoprepareforhistorytestS1:studywithherroommateS2:herbrothertobuyhernewhistorytimeThewoman’sproblemisthathersisterinlowgotherlegbroken,andtheycan’ttakecareoftheirdaughter.However,shehastopreparehertest,andherhistorybookgotmessedupbyherniece.Therearetwopossiblesolutions,thefirstoneistostudywithherroommate.Andsecondoneisthatherbrothertriestobuythenewhistorybooktomakeupforher.IfIwereher,Iwillchoosethesecondsolutionandherearemyreasons.First,Ithinkbookiscrucialreferencetohelphertoreviewthekeyconceptandinformationabouthistorytest.Anditisveryinconvenientandinefficientforhertostudywithsomeoneelse.Also,inmyopinion,itisveryimpolitetointerruptpeople’sstudypace.Herroommateprobablywillhaveherownstudyplanandschedule.Inthatway,bothofthemwillreducelearningefficiency.Althoughshemissesthediscussionwithothersinperson,sendingemailstofriendscouldalsoexpressherideasevenmuchbetterwithmoretimetothink.Also,ifshechoosesthefirstsolution,shemayfeeltheatmosphere,however,shewillbeverytiredafteraday’shardworkandcouldn’tenjoyitasshehopes.TaskTaskIneconomy,therearetwobenefitsaboutsellingtheproductdirectlytotheretailstoresinsteadofcookwarestoreThepricewillbelower.E.g:youcansellthethingontheInternettoearnmoreYoucanpresenttheproductwithoutbeingdamagedintheretailstores.E.g:Toshowthepictureofyourproductdirectlyinthewebsite,soitcanattractthebuyer.Inthelecture,theprofessortalksabouttwobenefitsconcerningsellingtheproductdirectlytotheretailstoresinsteadoftothedistributor.Andprovidestwoexamplestoillustratethis.Thefirstbenefitisthatthepricewillbelower.Forexample,youcansellthethingontheInternettoearnmoreprofitswithoutbargainingwithdistributor,whichmaybecutdownyourbenefits.Anotheradvantageisthatyoucanpresenttheproductonyourownwaywithoutbeingdamagedintheretailstores.Forinstance,youcanshowthepictureofyourproductdirectlyonthewebsite,soitcanattractthecustomertobuyitdirectly.Andthesearetwoexamplestheprofessorpresentedtoexplainthe20181201ThearticlediscussesthatthreechallengesshouldbeconqueredintheconstructionofEriecanalfromHodsonriverofthenorthoftheNYCtotheinterioroftheUSmidwest,whilethelecturedisputesthisideaswiththefollowingproofs.First,thewriterinthereadingpassageholdsthatitishardtoclearouttheterrainsandlandscapewhenthecanalgothroughtheforest.Inaddition,theabundantmosquitosinthewetlandmightcausethediseaseswhichinfecttheworks.However,theprofessorarguesthatthisproblemcanbesolved.thereisanewdevicecalledpuller,whichimprovestheefficiencyofworktoreducethenumberofworkersneeded.besides,theworkcanbestartedaftertheriverfrozen,whennomosquitosexist.Inaddition,inthematerial,thewriterbelievesthattherearenoenoughworkers.Bycontrast,inthelecture,thespeakerdeemsthattheideainthepassagedoesnotholdthewater.1000immigrantsfromtheEuropenewlymovedhere,andtheyallwantjobs,whichcoincidentlyprovidesthelaborforthework.Finally,itisdepictedinthematerialthattheconstructionworkisnotworthwhile.thebenefitbroughtislessthanthehighcostofcanals.becausetheregionsalongthecanalissolimitedthatthereislittleneedforthegoodtrades.Onthecontrary,theprofessorholdsthatthisisnottrue.thefewgoodtradesaretheresultofpoortransportation.however,itisbeneficialtobuiltthecanals.ononehand,thenewriverroadcanreducethetraveltime,fromthe6weeksbeforeto6daysnow.ontheotherhands,itreducesthecostoftrafficfrom100dollarspreviouslyto10dollarsnow.DoyouagreeordisagreewithfollowingItisasimportantforolderpeopletostudyorlearnnewthingsasitisforyoungerUsespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Aspeopleage,theytendtobecomemoreandmoresetintheirways.Whenweareyoungitiseasytoreviseourbeliefsandadoptnewperspectives,butovertime,ourthinkingslowlybecomesrigid.Butjustbecausethisphenomenonisthenormdoesn'tmeanthatit'sideal.Therearesomeadvantagestomorerigidthinking,butIthinkit'sagoodideaforoldpeopletocontinueacquiringnewknowledge.Foronething,anincreasingnumberofmedicalstudiesshowthatstayingmentallyactivecanhelppreventdementiaandAlzheimer'sdisease.Whenyoukeepyourbrainengaged,youcanbuildreinforcetheconnectionsbetweenbraincellsorperhapsevencreatenewones.ThisispossiblywhyAlzheimer'soccurslessinpopulationswithhigherlevelsofeducation.Thus,inordertolivealongerandhealthierlife,itisrecommendedthatelderlyindividualscontinuetopursuecerebralactivitieslikelearningnewthings.Learninghastangiblehealthrewards.Foranotherthing,continuingtoacquirenewknowledgewillkeepelderlyindividualsemotionallypresentandconnectedtotheworld.Whenpeopleenterthelaterstagesoftheirlives,theytendtostopadaptingtosocietaldevelopment.Changesinsocietycanseemtocomeswiftlyandwithoutwarning,anduponfeelingoverwhelmedbythesuddenstrangefeelingoftheworldaroundthem,manywillchoosetoretreatintotheirmindstoliveinsimpler,morefamiliartimes.Theseindividualsstoptryingtolearntousenewtechnologiesorgraspnewwaysofinteracting,andsotheybecomeoutoftouchwiththosearoundthem.AgrandfatherunwillingtouseSkypetocommunicatewithhisgrandchildrenontheothersideoftheworld,forexample,willliveamoreemotionallyimpoverishedlife.Sobycontinuingtoacquirenewknowledge,elderlyindividualscanbettermaintaintheirconnectionstoothers.Granted,non-stoplearningcanbetiringandtimeconsuming.Thereisaprevailingbeliefthatoldageisthetimetorelaxandletgoofsuchpotentiallystressfulendeavors,andthattheconsequencesofputtinglearningonholdareacceptableandeveninevitableforoldpeople.Icansympathizewiththisview—afteralifetimeofexertion,peopledeservetofinallykickback—butintheend,Ithinkthatcontinuedlearningwillleadtoanoverallincreaseinthequalityoflifeforelderlyindividuals.Learningwillrequiresomeexertion,buthowenjoyablewilllifebeifyou'retoosenileorout-of-touchwithlovedonestoappreciateit?Intheend,keepingyourbrainactivewillensurethatyoucanenjoythetimeyouhavelefttothefullest.Peoplegenerallyacceptthattheolderweget,thelessnewknowledgeweacquire.Peoplealsogenerallyacceptthatolderpeopleinevitablymentallydegenerateandlosetouchwithsociety.Ifwedonotrelinquishthepursuitofknowledgeinoldage,however,thenwedonothavetoresignourselvestosenilityandalienation.2018120112月1日的托福考试阅读部分，依旧延续之前的出题规律，新题重复，比如ExtinctionsinAncientAustralia是本年度第三次考察，话题是第4次考察。PassagePassageEarth’satmospherehaschangedthroughtime.ComparedtotheSun,whosecompositionisrepresentativeoftherawmaterialsfromwhichEarthandotherplanetsinoursolarsystemformed,Earthcontainslessofsomevolatileelements,suchasnitrogen,argon,hydrogen,andhelium.Theseelementswerelostwhentheenvelopeofgases,orprimaryatmosphere,thatsurroundedearlyEarthwasstrippedawaybythesolarwindorbymeteoriteimpacts,orboth.Littlebylittle,theplanetgeneratedanew,secondaryatmospherebyvolcanicoutgassingofvolatilematerialsfromitsinterior.VolcanicoutgassingcontinuestobethemainprocessbywhichvolatilematerialsarereleasedfromEarth.Althoughitisnowgoingonatamuchslowerrate.Themainchemicalconstituentofvolcanicgases(asmuchas97percentofvolume)iswatervapor,withvaryingamountsofnitrogen,carbondioxide,andothergases.Infact,thetotalvolumeofvolcanicgasesreleasedoverthepast4billionyearsorsoisbelievedtoaccountforthepresentcompositionoftheatmospherewithoneimportantexception:oxygen.Earthhadvirtuallynooxygeninitsatmospheremorethan4billionyearsago,buttheatmosphereisnowapproximately21percentTracesofoxygenwereprobablygeneratedintheearlyatmospherebythebreakdownofwatermoleculesintooxygenandhydrogenbyultravioletlight(aprocesscalledphotodissociation).Althoughthisisanimportantprocess,itcannotbegintoaccountforthepresenthighlevelsofoxygenintheatmosphere.Almostallofthefreeoxygennowintheatmosphereoriginatedthroughphotosynthesis,theprocesswherebyplantsuselightenergytoinducecarbondioxidetoreactwithwater,producingcarbohydratesandoxygen.Oxygenisaveryreactivechemical,soatfirstmostofthefreeoxygenproducedbyphotosynthesiswascombinedwithironinoceanwatertoformironoxide-bearingminerals.Theevidenceofthegradualtransitionfromoxygen-poortooxygen-richwaterispreservedinseafloorsediments.Themineralsinseafloorsedimentaryrocksthataremorethanabout2.5billionyearsoldcontainreduced(oxygen-poor)ironcompounds.Inrocksthatarelessthan1.8billionyearsold,oxidized(oxygen-rich)compoundspredominate.Thesedimentsthatwereprecipitatedduringthetransitioncontainalternatingbandsofred(oxidizediron)andblack(reducediron)minerals.Theserocksarecalledbanded-ironformations.Becauseoceanwaterisinconstantcontactwiththeatmosphere,andthetwosystemsfunctiontogetherinastateofdynamicequilibrium,thetransitionfromanoxygen-poortoanoxygen-richatmospherealsomusthaveoccurredduringthisperiod.Alongwiththebuildupofmolecularoxygen(O2)cameaneventualincreaseinozone(O3)levelsintheatmosphere.n(A)Becauseozonefiltersoutharmfulultravioletradiation,thismadeitpossibleforlifetoflourishinshallowwaterandfinallyonland.n(B)Thiscriticalstateintheevolutionoftheatmospherewasreachedbetween1,100and542millionyearsago.n(C)Interestingly,thefossilrecordshowsanexplosionoflifeforms542millionyearsago.n(D)Oxygenhascontinuedtoplayakeyroleintheevolutionandformoflife.Overthelast200millionyears,theconcentrationofoxygenhasrisenfrom10percenttoasmuchas25percentoftheatmosphere,beforesettling(probablynotpermanently)atitscurrentvalueof21percent.Thisincreasehasbenefitedmammals,whicharevoraciousoxygenconsumers.Notonlydowerequireoxygentofuelourhigh-energy,warm-bloodedmetabolism,ouruniquereproductivesystemdemandsevenmore.Anexpectantmother’sused(venous)bloodmuststillhaveenoughoxygeninittodiffusethroughtheplacentaintoherunbornchild’sbloodstream.Itwouldbeverydifficultforanymammalspeciestosurviveinanatmosphereofonly10percentoxygen.Geologistscannotyetbecertainwhytheatmosphericoxygenlevelsincreased,buttheyhaveahypothesis.First,photosynthesisisonlyonepartoftheoxygencycle.Thecycleiscompletedbydecomposition,inwhichorganiccarboncombineswithoxygenandformscarbondioxide.Butiforganicmatterisburiedassedimentbeforeitfullydecomposes,itscarbonisnolongeravailabletoreactwiththefreeoxygen.Thustherewillbeanetaccumulationofcarboninsedimentsandofoxygenintheatmosphere.TPO38-1Earth’sPassagePassageSeaLifeAdaptationsintheDeep第2段讲它们进化出敏锐的眼睛和其他感光器官，能够快速识别微光下的生物轮廓和运动;并且捕猎者和猎物都进化出伪装策略(camouflagestrategies)，如身体透明(transparency)第3段顺延第2段，继续讲述生物体色，然后并列引出有些鱼还进化出了拉长的身体(elongatebodies)，以便延长身体侧线(lateralline)来灵敏感知水流振动(watervibration)。4、5段才开始讲生物光(既然深海无光生物便自己发光)，仍然按照我们通常熟知的先能用途：生物光的成因各不相同，有的是自身发光，有的是依靠共生的发光细菌(symbioticbacteria);生物光的功能也各不相同：可以帮助生物配合背景色伪装自己，或眩最后第6段讲述深海的特殊缺氧层，成因是细菌和磷虾大量集中，它们高强度的新陈代谢几乎耗光了水中的氧气，所以生活在该水层的生物必须要进化出适应极低氧量的策TPO45-3FeedingstrategiesinthePassagePassageTheQualitiesofaGoodTrout二、食物。能提供丰富食物的溪流比较好。三、流速。水流稍微湍急的较适合鳟鱼生TPO44-1FromFishtoTerrestrialPassagePassageTheMycenaean首段描写迈锡尼文明所处地理位置和辉煌时的盛况后，引出话题：迈锡尼为什么在公元前1200年倾塌了？原因一：火山爆发假说。认为火山爆发突然一次性地毁灭了迈锡尼文明。该假说被证据否定。原因二：蛮族入侵假说，不置可否。原因三：迈锡尼衰落还有其自身内部原因：对军队和农业生产的过于中央集权的控制(over-centralizedcontrol)造成社会组织的弹性不足(depriveditofflexibility)，缺乏活力(