新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson78Thelastone？最后一枝吗

Lesson78Thelastone?最后一枝吗？【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）entitle v.以……为名calm v.使镇定nerve n.神经concentration n.集中，专心suffer v.受苦，受害symptom n.症状temper n.脾气appetite n.胃口，食欲produce v.拿出urge v.力劝，怂恿satisfaction n.满意，满足delighted adj.欣喜的★entitlevt.以……为名,v.给（书，剧本等）定名=togiveabook,aplayetc.atitleentitle+宾语+sth.给……题名为……eg.Heentitledthebook“CrimeandPunishment”.他把这本书取名为“罪与罚”。v.授权=togivetherightto,authorizeeg.Thisticketentitlesyoutoafreeseatattheconcert.这张票可让你免费听音乐会。beentitledtodosth.有权做某事eg.Officersareentitledtotravelfirstclass.官员有权做头等舱。★calmv.使镇定v.使平静eg.Themothercalmedherchild.妈妈让孩子平静下来。adj.无风的，平静的eg.Afterthestormitwascalm.暴风雨后，天气趋于平静。adj.水波不兴的，平静的eg.Theseawascalm.海面是平静的。adj.(情绪）不激动的，安静的eg.Evenafterherhusbanddied,shewascalm.就算丈夫去世了，她还是很平静。calmdown变平静eg.Theexcitedgirlquicklycalmeddown.这个兴奋的女孩子很快平静下来。使（生物）平静eg.I’llgoandcalmtheexciteddogsdown.我去让那只兴奋的狗平静下来。I’llgoandcalmyourangrybrotherdown.我去让你生气的弟弟平静下来。★nerven.神经n.神经n.[u]意志力，勇气eg.amanofnerve勇敢的人loseone'snerve失去勇气atestofnerve意志力的考验touchanerve触到伤心或敏感的话题=hitanerve(3)(贬义）大胆，鲁莽，冒失eg.Whatanerve!他真厚颜无耻！Somenerve!冒失鬼！nerverackingadj.令人紧张的，令人头痛的nervousadj.神经紧张的eg.getonsomeone’snerves令人心神不安Ican’tstudywiththatloudmusicgettingonmynervous.音乐声那么大，让我心神不安无法学习。nervousnessn.神经质，胆小eg.preexamnervousness考前紧张★concentrationn.集中，专心n.[u]集中，专心eg.Thisbookwillneedallyourconcentration.这本书需要你全神贯注地去看。n.[c]集中，群集eg.ThereisaconcentrationofIndustryinthesouthofthecountry.工业集中在这个国家的南部。concentrationcamp集中营concentratev.集中（注意力，思想）eg.I’mneverabletoconcentratesoearlyinthemorning.早晨这么早，我没法集中精力。concentrateon（doing）sth.集中精力做某事eg.Ifyoudon’tconcentratemoreonyourwork,you’llbedismissed.要是你不能更专心地工作，你将被解雇。concentratedadj.浓缩的，强烈的，专心的eg.Thepupilhasmadeaconcentratedefforttoimprovehiswork.这个学生力求功课进步。★sufferv.遭受，受苦，受害sufferfrom经受（长期不愉快的事物）eg.Shesuffersfromheadaches.她常患头痛。suffer+n.经受痛苦eg.Shesufferedthelossofherpupils’respect.她失去学生的敬仰十分痛苦。sufferern.遇难者，受害者=victim①vi.受痛苦，爱苦难；患病Duringthistime,mywifesufferedterribly.Whatisthepatientsufferingfrom?②vt.遭受（痛苦、损害等）Thevillagesufferedseriousdamagefromthefloods.Manypeoplearesufferingcoldandhungerinthatdistrict.★symptom n.症状n.征兆，表征=anoutwardsignofinnerchange,newfeelings,etc.n.病症，征候=achangeinbodyormindwhichshowsdiseaseordisorder★tempern.脾气n.脾气，心情，性情eg.Jean’sinabadtemperbecauseshehasmissedthebus.Jean因为错过了公交车所以心情不好。Hehasanaturallysweettemper.他性格温和。n.发脾气，闹情绪eg.John’sinatempertoday,sokeepawayfromhim.John在发脾气，所以离他远点。flyintoatemper勃然大怒=getintoatemperkeepone'stemper忍住气，别发火loseone'stemper生气，发火，发脾气temperamentn.性情名词+ed为形容词：hottempered脾气火爆goodtempered好脾气的badtempered坏脾气的★appetiten.胃口，食欲appetiteforsth.关于……的食欲（appetite表示的胃口仅对食物而言）eg.Don’teatanythingthatwillspoilyourappetitefordinner.不要吃妨碍正餐食欲的东西。Ihavegoodappetitefortheicecream.我很想吃冰淇淋whetsomeone’sappetite激起欲望desire欲望eg.Onecanfeeldesireforanything.人对任何东西都会有欲望的。appetite胃口，欲望（对食物的欲求）toone'staste对某人的胃口eg.Thisbookisnottomytaste.appetizern.正餐前刺激食欲的食物appetizingadj.刺激食欲的，开胃的appetizinglyadv.刺激食欲地，开胃地eg.foodappetizinglycooked煮得可口的食物★producev.拿出v.提出，拿出=toshow,bringouteg.Themagicianproducedarabbitfromahat.魔术师从帽子里拿出一只兔子。Canyouproduceanyproofthatyouweren’tnearthebankatthetimeofrobbery?

你能提出证据证明劫案发生时你不在银行附近吗？v.出产，生产eg.Goodsoilwillproducefinecrops.肥沃的封壤出产好的庄稼。（比喻）造就eg.thefinestwriterourcountryhaseverproduced我国所造就的最优秀作家生（孩子）=togivebirthtoachildeg.Mrs.Dobsonhasproduced2finesons.=Mrs.Dobsonhasgivenbirthto2finesons.Dobson夫人生了2个好儿子。v.导致，引致=tocauseeg.Gordon’sjokesproducedagreatdealoflaughter.Gordon的笑话引致哄堂大笑。producen.物产（农场生产的东西，如牛奶，马铃薯，羊毛）eg.produceofSpain西班牙物产product工厂制造的东西production制造的行为或产量producer制作者及戏剧或电影制片人★urgev.力劝，怂恿怂恿，力劝=tobegorpersuadewithforceurgesb.todosth.力劝/怂恿某人做……persuadesb.todosth.说服/劝说某人做某事eg.Theyurgedustogowiththem.他们力劝我们和他们一起走。v.叫…往前走，驱策eg.tourgethehorsesonwithwhips鞭马前进v.力言，强调（速度）eg.Sheurgedtheimportanceofspeed.她强调速度的重要性。urgentadj.紧急的urgentmessages紧急信息★satisfactionn.满意，满足n.[u]满意，满足eg.Hetookgreatsatisfactionfromplayingthepianowell.钢琴弹好令他非常满意。n.[c]令人满意（或满足的）事物eg.Playingthepianowellwasoneofhisgreatestsatisfactions.弹好钢琴是他最满意的事。satisfactoryadj.令人满意的，称心如意的，圆满的eg.asatisfactoryexcuseforhisabsence他缺席的理由令人信服。Salesareup20%fromlastyear:that’sverysatisfactory.销售比去年增加20%，非常令人满意。satisfyv.使满意eg.Ididn’tlikethestory:itdidn’tsatisfyme.ButperhapsIamhardtosatisfy.我不喜欢这个故事，它让我不满意，但也许是我很难满足。satisfyingadj.令人满意的，令人满足的eg.asatisfyingmeal令人满意的一顿饭asatisfyingexperience令人满足的经历★delightedadj.感到高兴的，欣喜的bedelightedthat+从句bedelightedwith+名词/动名词/代词delightfuladj.欢乐的，欢快的，极愉快的eg.adelightfullittlehouse一间别致的小屋delightfullyadv.欢乐地，愉快地delightv.使愉快，使快乐eg.abookthatiscertaintodelight一本确实能叫人快乐的书Hedelightedthemwithhisperformance.他以表演取悦他们。v.乐于，喜欢eg.Letdogsdelighttobarkandbite,forGodhasmadethemso.让狗以吠于咬为荣，是上帝的意思。n.欣喜，愉快eg.Ireadyournewbookwithrealdelight.我很愉快地读你的新书。n.使人愉悦的物或人eg.Yourdaughterisarealdelight!你的女儿真令人愉快。takedelightin乐于，爱好eg.Shetakesdelightinprovingotherswrong.她以证明别人错了为乐。【Text】Afterreadinganarticleentitled'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth'Ilitacigarettetocalmmynerves.IsmokedwithconcentrationandpleasureasIwassurethatthiswouldbemylastcigarette.ForawholeweekIdidnotsmokeatallandduringthistime,mywifesufferedterribly.Ihadalltheusualsymptomsofsomeonegivingupsmoking:abadtemperandanenormousappetite.Myfriendskeptonofferingmecigarettesandcigars.TheymadenoefforttohidetheiramusementwheneverIproducedapacketofsweetsfrommypocket.AftersevendaysofthisIwenttoaparty.EverybodyaroundmewassmokingandIfeltextremelyunfortable.WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcouldbear.Itookoneguiltily,lititandsmokedwithsatisfaction.Mywifewasdelightedthatthingshadreturnedtonormaloncemore.Anyway,asBrianpointedout,itistheeasiestthingintheworldtogiveupsmoking.Hehimselfhasdoneitlotsoftimes!参考译文读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这枝烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了！【课文讲解】1、Afterreadinganarticleentitled'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth'Ilitacigarettetocalmmynerves.anarticleentitled题名为……的文章在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。entitled‘CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth’中entitled是个过去分词，整个过去分词短语作定语修饰articletocalmmynerves中todo不定式作目的状语lightlitlitv.点火，着火eg.Helitacigarette.他点着香烟。=Helitupacigarette.v.(使）供给光线，照亮eg.Welitthecandleandthecandlelittheroom.我们点燃蜡烛，蜡烛照亮了房间。v.(使）容光焕发eg.Suddenlyasmilelitherface.突然，微笑使她脸亮了起来。=Suddenlyasmilelitupherface.lightlitlitlightlightedlightedlit通常做谓语动词eg.Thematchislit.火柴被点着了。lighted通常做定语，当做形容词来使用，放在名词前eg.alightedmatch一根被点燃的火柴n.光eg.sunlight阳光firelight火光n.引火物eg.Canyougivemealight,please?能借个火吗？n.光线eg.Ican’treadwhileyouarestandinginmylight.你挡住我的光线，我没法看书。etolight(渐)为人所知之状态=bringtolightinthelightof从…观点看accordingtoone’slights按照个人之见识throwlighton使明白，解释adj.轻的eg.aslightasair毫无重量aslightasafeather轻如鸿毛adj.少量的，较往常或预期少的eg.alightcropofwheat小麦的收成不佳adj.(指睡眠）浅睡的，睡不沉的（反义词：sound)eg.alightsleeper一个浅睡的人adj.轻快的，灵活的eg.alightdancer轻快的舞者2、IsmokedwithconcentrationandpleasureasIwassurethatthiswouldbemylastcigarette.as由于，因为eg.Shestayedathomeasshehadnocar.她因为没车，所以呆在家里。Hesawher,astheywerebothgettingoffthebusatthesametime.因为他们同时下的公共汽车，所有他看见她了。besurethat对某事确信cigarette纸烟，香烟cigar雪茄cigarettecase香烟盒cigaretteholder烟嘴cigarettelighter打火机3、ForawholeweekIdidnotsmokeatallandduringthistime,mywifesufferedterribly.not…atall根本不duringthistime在此期间terriblyverybadly很糟糕eg.Shesufferedterriblywhenhersonwaskilled.她儿子被杀，她痛苦极了。adv.(口)非常，很eg.notaterriblygoodfilm不特别好的电影I’mterriblysorry.我非常抱歉。4、Ihadalltheusualsymptomsofsomeonegivingupsmoking:abadtemperandanenormousappetite.someonegivingupsmoking是独立主格作介词of的宾语：someone逻辑主语givingupsmoking逻辑谓语独立主格：一名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构，称为独立结构，常用于描绘性文字中，使其更生动。eg.Johnbeingaway,Henryhadtodothework.John走了，Henry不得不做这些工作。（John是逻辑主语，Henry是逻辑谓语。）Helayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.他平躺着，头枕着双手。（hishands是逻辑主语，crossedunderhishead是逻辑谓语。)Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.（hisnoseredwithcold构成独立结构。）Heputonhissockswrongsideout.他袜子穿反了5、Myfriendskeptonofferingcigarettesandcigars.keepondoingsth.=continuedoingsth.持续不断地做某事keepeg.Pleasekeepoffthegrass.请勿践踏草坪。（远离）=Donotwalkonit.Hekeptawayfromtheparty.他没有来这个派对。（避开）=Hedidnote.Undermyessay,theteacherwrote:“Goodwork!Keepitup!”（保持）=continuemakinganeffort在我的文章下面老师写道：“继续努力！”Heransofast,Icouldnotkeepupwithhim.(跟上、赶上）=Icouldnotremainbesidehim.他跑得非常快，我跟不上他。Abignoticeonthedoorsaid,‘keepout!’(禁止入内)=Donotein.门上贴着一张告示：切勿入内。Thecatwaskeptinduringthefireworks.(关在…）=Itwasmadetostayinoors.猫被关在屋子里。keepyourshirt!=Don’tworry.Keepcalm!放松，别担心，镇定！keepasecret保守秘密keephens养母鸡keepchickens养鸡keepcows养牛Heneedsmoremoneytokeephiswifeandchildren.(照顾，照料）=takecareof他需要更多的钱来照顾妻子和孩子。Theykeepashop.他们经营一家商店。keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepintouch保持联系offersb.sth.给某人某物6、TheymadenoefforttohidetheiramusementwheneverIproducedapacketofsweetsfrommypocket.makenoefforttodosth.根本不作努力makeaneffort努力makeeveryeffort尽全力，尽一切努力hidev.隐藏eg.You’rehidingsomeimportantfacts.你隐瞒了一些重要的事实。v.躲藏eg.I’llhidebehindthedoor.我将躲在门后。cover遮盖，遮蔽sweet糖果candy(美）糖果pudding布丁（一种甜点心）dessert餐后的甜点whenever=nomatterwhen无论何时whoever=nomatterwho无论是谁wherever=nomatterwhere无论在哪里nomatterhow无论怎样7、AftersevendaysofthisIwenttoaparty.EverybodyaroundmewassmokingandIfeltextremelyunfortable.extremelyunfortable非常不自在adv.极度地，极端地，非常地（用来修饰其他的形容词、副词）eg.extremelyhot非常热extremelyangry非常生气extremelyheavy非常重extremelysorry非常抱歉8、WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcouldbear.urgesb.todosth.力劝某人做某事ItwasmorethanIcouldbear.=Icouldn'tbearitanymore.morethan万分，非常，无以名状morethan后面跟一个从句或一个形容词时可以表示“超出”（多用于口语）。more…than…与其说…不如说…eg.Heismoremadthanstupid.与其说他很笨，不如说他疯了。nomore…than…与…一样，同样不eg.He’snomorefittobeaministerthanaschoolboywouldbe.他并不比学校其他男生更适合当主任。Itookoneguiltily,lititandsmokedwithsatisfaction.Mywifewasdelightedthatthingshadreturnedtonormaloncemore.bedelightedthat对某事感到高兴returnto恢复，返回eg.returntoLondon回到伦敦returnfromwork下班回来returnsth.归还某物eg.Don’tforgettoreturnmykeys.别忘了还我钥匙。returnn.eg.returnjourney回程thereturnofthebooks归还的书thereturnofspring春回大地oncemore=onceagain又一次，再一次Anyway,asBrianpointedout,itistheeasiestthingintheworldtogiveupsmoking.anyway=anyhow不论如何eg.AnywayIlovehim.Thankyouanyway.asBrianpointedout正如Brian所指出的（逗号隔开，as引导非限定性定语从句）pointout=explain指出，指明pointofview观点pointedadj.尖的；直截了当的，不客气的eg.longpointedfingernails长长的、尖尖的手指甲ShelookedinapointedmannerattheclockandIunderstoodthatitwastimetoleave.她不客气地看了看表，我明白该走了。giveupsmoking戒烟（giveup+动名词作宾语，表示放弃）eg.giveupfishing停止钓鱼giveupfighting停止战斗Hehimselfhasdoneitlotsoftimes!hasdone相当于hasgivenupsmoking【KeyStructures】冠词（L6，L30,L54)【SpecialDifficulties】与keep有关的短语动词keepon+doingsth.反复，持续Myfriendskeptonofferingmecigarettes.Hekeptonsayingthathewastired.他不断地说他累了。keepoff不靠近，从……离开Keepofftheflowerbed.请勿进入花坛。Keepyourhandsoffthefood.别动吃的东西。keepawayfrom（使……）不靠近，避开Whydoyoualwayskeepaw