口译英语笔记速记符号归总

口译笔记速记符号归总一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf（compare），Co（company），eg（forexample），etc（andsoon），esp（especially），ie（thatis），max（maximum），min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu（usually），等。二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。

inNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S

=

sum

f

=

frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf

=

compare

e.g.

=

example

dept

=

department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol

=

politics

dem

=

democracy

lib

=

liberal

cap

=

capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres

=

presentation

subj

=

subject

ind

=

individual

cons

=

conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.

assoc

=

associate

biol

=

biology

info

=

information

ach

=

achievement

chem

=

chemistry

max

=

maximum

intro

=

introduction

conc

=

concentration

min

=

minimum

rep

=

repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.

ppd

=

prepared

prblm

=

problem

estmt

=

estimate

bkgd

=

background

gvt

=

governmentUseanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am't

=

amount

cont'd

=

continued

gov't

=

government

educat'l

=

educational

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts

=

chapters

egs

=

examples

fs

=

frequencies

intros

=

introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg

=

checking

estg

=

establishing

decrg

=

decreasing

exptg

=

experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&

=

and

w/

=

with

w/o

=

without

vs

=

against

\

=

therefore

=

=

isorequal

Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.

zb

=

German,forexample

ibid

=

Latin,thesamework

o

=

degrees

H2O

=

water

Morereference:

Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:

+plus

//parallel

Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:

egexample

ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment

UKUnitedKingdom

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:

marmarketing

cuscustomer

cliclient

Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:

subjsubject

budgbudget

indindividual

Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:

tech'gytechnology

gen'iongeneralisation

del'ydelivery

Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.Examples:

assocassociated

achachievement

infoinformation

Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:

bkgdbackground

mvmtmovement

prblmproblem

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:

custscustomers

fsfrequencies

/sratios

Use'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:

decrgdecreasing

ckgchecking

estblgestablishing

Spellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:

in

but

as

key

Leaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples:

is

was

were

Leaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples:

a

an

the

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkormeeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Example:

JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACB

Usesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples:

@at

2to

4for

&and

w/with

w/owithout

vsagainst

Createyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelopseparatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordifferentcoursesorsubjects.

OtherSymbolsandAbbreviations

asaresultof/consequencesof<--->

resultingin--->

and/also+

equalto/sameas=

followingff

mostimportantly*

lessthan<

greaterthan>especiallyesp/

一、缩略词

英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP:important,ASAP:assoonaspossible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：

F拿掉所有元音

MKT:market

MGR:manager

MSG:message

STD:standard

RCV:receive

F保留前几个字母

INFOinformation

INSinsurance

EXCHexchange

IoweyouIOU

InsteadofI/O

F保留开头和结尾个发音字母

WKweek

RMroom

PLpeople

F根据发音

Rare

THOthough

THRUthrough

缩略词原词

APTApartment

ACCAccountant

ACDGAccording

ACPTAccept

ADAdvertisement

ADSAddress

ADVAdvice

AMAPAsmuch/manyaspossible

AMTAmount

APVApprove

ASAPAssoonaspossible

BALBalance

BLDGBuilding

CERTCertificate

CFMConform

CNCLCancel

CNFConference

CMICommission

CMPComplete

CMPECompete/competitive

CMUCommunication

CONCConcern/concerning/concerned

CONDCondition

CO.Company

DEPTDepartment

DISCDiscount

DPTDeparture

EXCHExchange

EXPLNExplain

EXTExtent

FLTFlight

FNTFinal

FRTFreight

FYRForyourreference

GDGood

GUARGuarantee

H.O.Homeoffice

INFOInformation

IMPSImpossible

IMP(T)Important

INCDInclude

INDIVIndividual

INSInsurance

INTSTInterested

I/OInsteadof

IOUIoweyou

IVOInviewof

MANUFManufacture

MDLModel

MEMOMemorandum

MGRManger

MINMinimum

MKTMarket

MSGMessage

NCRYNecessary

NLTNolaterthan

OBSObserve

OBTObtain

ORDOrdinary

PATPatent

PCPiece

PKGPacking

PLPeople

PLSPlease

POSNPosition

POSS(BL)Possible

PRODProduct

QLTYQuality

QUTYQuantity

RCVReceive

REFReference

REGLRegular

REPRepresentative

RESNReservation

RPTRepeat

RESPONResponsible

SECSection

SITNSituation

STDStandard

TELTelephone

TEMPTemporary

TGMTelegraph

THOThough

TKSThanks

TRDTrade

TRFTraffic

TTLTotal

UYou

URYour

WKWeek

WLWill

WTWeight

XLExtralarge

二、字母、图像

Z表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。

C表示政府，统治：government，govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,government。governmentalofficial可以表示为CZ

P表示政治：politics,political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示为PZ

E表示总数：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect.

E数学符号表示总值。

G表示效率：efficient,effective。G为效率符号。

Q表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

A表示农业:agriculture.agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B表示商业：business。

C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation。

W表示工作，职业:work,employ等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。

i表示工业:industry,industrial字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。

UU看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty,agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示:Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m(multiple)表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。

O表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country,state,nation,etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口

这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair,host,presideover。那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman,host,etc.

T表示"领导人"：leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示为CT

⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium

k这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery有关的词汇。

O圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.

J表示开心：pleasant,joyful，happy，excited,etc.

L表示不满、生气unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.

EO表示听到、总所周之：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyouhavealreadyheardof,etc.

O表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent,apathetic,unconcern,don'tcaremuch,etc.三、箭头

g表示到达、传达：gointo，arriveat，giveto，sendto，presenttoetc.

表示导致、引导：leadto,resultin,inthedirectionof,etc.

表示屈服：submitto

f表示来自于：be/comefrom，return，receivefrom,etc.

表示追溯到：come/gobackto，originate

h表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend,etc.

表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open,start,etc.

表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote,etc

表示"波折"：upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.

四、数学符号

+表示"多":many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.

++(+2)表示"多"的比较级：more

+3表示"多"的最高级：most

－表示"少":little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.

×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，negative,etc.

>表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.

表示"高"概念：superiorto，surpass,etc.

<表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.

表示"低"概念：inferiorto，etc.

=表示"同等"概念：means，thatistosay，inotherwords，thesameas，beequalto,etc.

表示"对手"概念：amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.

()表示"在......之间"：among,within,etc.

≠表示"不同"概念：bedifferentfrom,etc.

表示"无敌"概念：matchless,peerless,etc.

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