北师版初二(下)英语第10讲Unit5语法篇(学生版)

北师版初二(下)英语第10讲：Unit5语法篇(学生版)北师版初二(下)英语第10讲：Unit5语法篇(学生版)北师版初二(下)英语第10讲：Unit5语法篇(学生版)Unit5词汇篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________学生经过本讲学习，可以掌握本单元的重点词汇句型，并在综合能力上有必然的拓展。直接引语变间接引语（一）人称:“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要依照主句中主语的人称变化如:Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。若是引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如:HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。若是从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:MrSmithsaid。"Jackisagoodworker。"→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。（二）时态:直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。如:1)Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."→Shesaidshehadlostapen2)Shesaid."Wehopeso."→Shesaidtheyhopedso.一般现在时变成一般过去时现在进行时变成过去进行时一般将来时变成过去将来时现在完成时变成过去完成时一般过去时变成过去完成时过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变成间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth，theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如:Jacksaid."John，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。③直接引语中有详尽的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变成间接引语时，时态不变。如:XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l，1980。"→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20，1980。④直接引语若是是一般现在时。表示一种屡次出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如:Hesaid，"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。⑤若是直接引语中的神情动词没有过去时的形式(例:oughtto，hadbetter，usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例:could，should，would，might)不再变。如:Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。"→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。第1页/共10页（三）如何变状语:直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变成then，yesterday。变成thedaybefore)地点状语，特别表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例:this改为that)，如:Hesaid，"Thesebooksaremine."→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.指示代词thisthesethesethose表示时间的词nowthentodaythatdaythisweek(month，etc)thatweek(month，etc)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month，etc)theweek(month，etc)beforethreedays(ayear，etc)agothreedays(ayear.etc)beforetomorrowthenext(following)daynextweek(month，etc)thenext(following)week(month，etc)表地点的词herethere动词bringtakecomego（四）句型:①直接引语若是是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:Shesaid，"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语若是是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:Hesaid，"Canyouswim，John?"→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework，haven‘you?"tmymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引语若是是特别问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必定用陈述句语序)。Sheaskedme，"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引语若是是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask，order，beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如:"Don’tmakeanynoise，"shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea，please，"saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.⑤直接引语若是是以“Let‘开s”头的祈使句，变成间接引语时，平时用“suggest+动句词(或从句)。”如:Hesaid，"Let’gostothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.Shesaidtomethat_______mightkeep_______bookfortwodays.A．she；thisB．I；thatC．I；thisD．you；that---Wesaidtoher，"They'rewalkingthroughthestreetnow."Wetoldherthat________throughthestreet_________.A．wewerewalking；thenB．youarewalking；nowC．theywerewalking；thenD．theywalking；nowThemanthought，"Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow."Themanthoughtthat__________takeitback_________.A．Ishall；tomorrowB．Ishall；thenextdayC．heshould；tomorrowD．hewould；thenextday第2页/共10页4.Hesaid，"Mother，theboyisverynaughty."→He________________verynaughty.A．saidhismotherthattheboywasB．saidtohismotherthattheboyisC．toldhismotherthattheboywasD．spoketohismotherthattheboywas5.MrsJohnsonsaid，“Idrewthepicturelastweek.”MrsJohnsonsaidthat________thepicture___________.A．shedrew；theweekbeforeB．Ihaddrawn；thatweekC．shehaddrawn；theweekbeforeD．Idrew；thelastweek剖析：1.直接引语变间接引语时，代词要发生相应的变化，you变成I，this变成that.应选B直接引语改间接引语要注意前后时态的一致。主句是一般过去时，从句也要改成相应的过去时。now要改成then.应选C主句为一般过去时，从句原来为将来时，要改成相应的过去将来时，同时人称和神情动词也要进行相应的变化应选D4.句意:他跟妈妈说那个男孩很俏皮。陈述句变间接引语时，主句动词可以用tell；主句动词用一般过去时，间接引语也应用相应的过去时态，故答案选C主句是一般过去时，从句的动作发生在主句从前，要用现在完成时。同时时间状语也要相应地改变应选C基础演练一单项选择1.Hesaidthathe______Englishforfouryears.A.haslearnedB.hadlearnedC.islearningD.waslearning2.Mr.Smithsaidhe______verygratefultousforourkindness.A.wereB.wasC.isD.am3.Johnsaidthat______wifealways______coffeeforbreakfast.A.himdrankB.herdrankC.hisdrinkD.hisdrank4.TheteachertoldTomtofinish_____homeworkontime.A.hisB.himC.herD.hers5.Theteachersaidthathemustbring_____booktotheclassroom.A.heB.himC.hisD.she6.Hesaidhe______thisbook.A.likeB.likesC.likedD.liking第3页/共10页7.Hesaidthathe______herthedaybefore.A.sawB.seenC.seesD.hadseen8.Hesaidtomehe______tired.A.isB.wasC.wereD.be9.Shesaidthathe_______waitingforanhour.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wasbeen10.HesaidtheI_____changedmuch.A.haven’tB.hasn’tC.hadn’tD.tobehaven’t二、用单词正确形式填空Hetoldmethathe________(leave)hisbookinhisroom.．She______(say)thathewouldbebusy.．SheaskedTomwhetherhe_____(can)helpher.．Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwas_____(I)orhis.．TheteacheraskedmehowI_______(repair)it.．Theteacher___(tell)thestudentsnotto____(waste)theirtime.．ThemotheraskedTom______(get)upearly.．Theteachersaidthattheearth______(go)roundthesun.．Myfathersaidpractice_____(make)perfect.．Theboytold______(we)heusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.牢固提高把以下句子直接引语变间接引语1．Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”__________________________________2．Sheaskedme，“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”___________________________________3．Theteacherasked，“Howdidyourepairit?”__________________________________4．Shesaid，“Hewillbebusy.”__________________________________5．ShesaidtoTom，“Canyouhelpme?”__________________________________6．Theteachersaid，“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”__________________________________7．Myfathersaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”第4页/共10页_____________________________________8．Theboysaidtous，“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”_______________________________________9．Hesaid，“Wearestillstudents.”_______________________________10.Hesaidtome，“Iwasbornin1978.”_______________________________1.“Iamateacher，”Jacksaid.→Jacksaid_____________.A．thatIamateacherB．IwasateacherC．thatheisateacherD．hewasateacher2.Mycousinsaid，“Iwenttoaconcertthreedaysago.”Mycousintoldmethat___________aconcert______.A．he；hadgoneto；threedaysbeforeB．he；wentto；threedaysagoC．I；hadgoneto；threedaysagoD．I；wentto；threedaysbeforeShesaidshewouldreturnthedictionarytome_________.A．tomorrowB．lastdayC．thenextdayD．nextday---Theearthgoesroundthesun.Whatdidhesay?Icouldn'thearhim.____________________.A．HesaystheearthgoesroundthesunB．HesaidtheearthgoesroundthesunC．HesaidtheearthwentroundthesunD．Hesaystheearthwentroundthesun5.Hesaidtome，“Youwillpasstheexamtomorrow.”He________methat_________theexam__________.A．saidto；hewouldpass；thenextdayB．told；hewould；nextdayC．saidto；Iwouldpass；nextdayD．told；Iwouldpass；thenextday6.---"Helen，Iwillcomethismorning，"Johnsaid.John_________________________.A．toldHelenhewillcomethismorningB．saidtoHelenIwouldgothatmorningC．saidHelenhewouldcomethatmorningD．toldHelenhewouldgothatmorning---Icanspeakthreelanguages.第5页/共10页Whatdidshesay?Shesaidthatshe___________threelanguages.A．spokeB．couldspokeC．couldD．couldspeak8.Hesaid，“Theboyiscleaningthewindownow.”He_________________cleaningthewindow________.A．saidthattheboywas；thenB．saidthattheboyis；thenC．saidthattheboywas；nowD．saidthattheboyis；now9.Wesaidtoher，"They'rewalkingthroughthestreetyesterday."Wetoldherthat_________throughthestreet_______.A．wewerewalking；yesterdayB．youarewalking；yesterdayC．theywerewalking；thedaybeforeD．theywalking；thedaybefore10.Ishalltellhim，"Ihavewrittentoyouandhertwice."Ishalltellhimthat___havewrittento____and__twice.A．I；him；herB．you；him；herC．I；you；meD．you；me；her二、完型:重庆2019年初三第三次月考考试Areyounervouswhenyoustandinfrontofthepublic?Areyouafraidtomakeaspeech?LiJun，amiddleschoolboy，feltshywhenhewasmakingaspeechtheotherday.Lihadthoughtitwouldbequiteeasytospeakinfrontof1classmates."Iwaswrong.Itwasverydifferentandmuch2thantalkingtomyclassmatesduringplaytime，"Lisaid."Itried，butitwasreallydifficulttospeak.Ifeltlikeamute(哑吧)andwantedtoleavetheclassroom3."Liisnotalone.Manymiddleschoolstudentsnowhavethesame4:theycantalkabouttheirideasfreely5theirbestfriendsafterclass，butcan'tspeakinpublic.AccordingtoZhouHong，ateacherfromauniversity，themainreasonisthatschoolsinChinapaymoreattentiontowritinginsteadof6.Zhouhopesschoolscangivestudentsmorechancestoopentheir7，suchasspeechcompetitions，Englishcornersandclassdiscussions.Studentscanjoininanyonetheywantto.8healsogivessomeadvicetostudents."Duringyourfreetimeyoushould9more.Whenyou'respeakinginpublic，takeiteasy.Justimagineyou'retalkingtonobodyandspeakupyourideasclearly，"Zhousaid."That10afinepublicspeechandyou'llfeelconfident."1A．herB．myC．yourD．his2.A．harderB．easierC．betterD．later第6页/共10页3.A．slowlyB．quicklyC．sadlyD．happily4.A．answerB．subjectC．problemD．question5.A．exceptB．besideC．fromD．with6.A．listeningB．speakingC．readingD．singing7.A．mouthsB．eyesC．mindsD．hearts8.A．ButB．SoC．AndD．Or9.A．playB．practiceC．writeD．watch10.A．reportsB．keepsC．hearsD．makesAIt'stheweekbeforeschoolstarts.Aliceisshoppingforclotheswithtwofriends，NinaandVicki.Aliceputsonablackjacket，turnstoherfriends，andsays，"Hey，whatdoyouthink?"Thegirlslookatherandbothstartlaughing."Noway，Alice!"Ninalaughs."That'saman'sjacket."Alicefeelsalittleangry."Yeah，well...Ilikeit.""Yeah，"saysVicki，"butwhatwillpeopleatschoolsay?"Alicethinksforamoment.Thenshetakesoffthejacket."Yeah，you'reright."Peerpressure.Weallknowaboutit.Yourfriendswearcertainclothesorlistentocertainmusic.Youdon'twanttobedifferent.Soyoudothosethingstoo.Fifteenminuteslater，Aliceisstillthinkingabouttheblackjacket."Yeah，there'spressuretofollowothers，"sheexplains."Ifyourclothesorhairaredifferent，peoplemakefunofyou.Youknow，theylaughandpoint."Vickiagrees."It'strue.Youevenhavetohaveacertainkindofboyfriendorgirlfriend!Ithinkthese'rules'arechildish(天真的).Butwhenyou'redifferent，youfeellikeanoutsider.Andthat'shard."Alicewalksaway."HeyAlice，"callsNina."Whereareyougoing?""Togettheblackjacket.Idon'tcarewhatothersthink.Ilikeit，andI'mbuyingit."1.WhydoesAlicetakeoffthejacket?A．It'stooexpensive.B．Shedoesn'ttakeenoughmoneywithher.C．Shedoesn'tlikethecolor.D．She'sworriedaboutherfriends'opinions.2.Whatisthemeaningofpeerpressureinthispassage?A．Youwanttobelikeyourfriends，soyoudowhattheydo.B．Youwanttobedifferentfromyourfriendsandclassmates.C．Youwanttogiveyourclothestoyourfriendstowear.D．Youwanttobuyasmanyclothesasyourclassmatesdo.3.Whathappensintheend?第7页/共10页A．Alicegoestobuythejacket.B．Alicegetsangryandgoeshomealone.C．Alicedoesn'tbuythejacket.D．Alicedoesn'tgoshoppingwithherfriends.4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Youngpeopleshouldfollowothers.B．Girlshavedifferentideasaboutthejacket.C．Girlslikewearingdifferentkindsofclothes.D．Youngpeoplecaremuchaboutwhatothersthink.BDearDr.Smith，Mymomalwayskeepsaskingme，"What'sgoingon?"IfIwanttogotoaconcert，sheaskswhomIwillgowith.Ithinkthat'smyownbusiness(事情).Sometimesitlookslikeshedoesn'ttrust(相信)me.Itmakesmeverysad.HowcanIgethertostop?KatieDearKatie，Manyyoungpeoplehavethesameproblemasyou.Ifyoudon'ttalkmuchwithyourparents，theymightfeeltheyneedtoaskyouquestionstoknowaboutyourlife.Itseemstoyouthatyourmomisgettingintoyourbusiness，butIthinkshe'sjusttryingtokeepacloserelationship(关系)withyou.Infact，someexperts(专家)oftentellparentstostayclosetotheirkidsbyaskingthemaboutwhat'sgoingonintheirlife.Someparentsdothisbetterthanothers，ofcourse.But，unluckily，someparentsaskquestionsbecausetheydon'ttrusttheirkids.Sostartbytryingtotrustyourmom.Sheisprobablyjusttryingtostayclosetoyoubecauseshelovesandcaresaboutyou.Youcanhaveatalkwithheraboutit.Ofcourse，thatdoesn'tmakethequestionslessboring.Ifyou'retiredofsomanyquestions，tellyourmomaboutyourdaybeforesheasks.Ifyouoffer(供应)moreinformation，conversationswithyourmomwon'tseemlikeshe'sjustaskingyoutoomanyquestions!Ifyoudothis，I'msureyoucangetonwellwithyourmom.Dr.Smith5.Katie'sproblemisthat.A．sheissadaboutthepersonattheconcertB．shedoesn'tlikeorcareabouthermotherC．hermotheralwaysasksherlotsofquestionsD．hermotherdoesn'twanthertomakenewfriends6.Dr.SmiththinksKatie'smotherprobably.A．doesn'tloveKatieB．doesn'ttrustKatieC．triestostayclosetoKatie第8页/共10页D．triestogetintoKatie'sbusiness7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Katie'sproblemisaspecialonetoyoungpeople.B．Dr.Smithbelievesthatallparentstrusttheirkids.C．Dr.Smith'sadviceistoanswerallofKatie'smother'squestions.D．Someexpertssuggestparentsshouldasktheirkidsabouttheirlife.8.Inwhichcolumn(栏目)canwefindthispassageinamagazine?A．HumansandNature.B．ProblemsandAdvice.C．Sports.D．Health.CCommunicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.Ifit'shardforyoutocommunicatewithyourparents，don'tworryaboutit.Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap(代沟).Don'targuewithyourparents.Don'ttalktoyourparentswhenyouareangry.Yourparentsprobablywon'tconsideryourideasifyoushoutatthem.Andyoucan'texpressyourselfwellifyouareangry.Gotosomeplacetocooloff.Makesureyouunderstandwhyyouareunhappy.Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourpa