大学实用英语1（专科）Sports

SportsUnite3YouAreAbleto:IdentifysomebasicsoundoflettersUsetheproperexpressionstocommentsportsKnowtheuseofnouns&pronounsWritelostandfoundYouAreSuggestedto:BefamiliarwithsomesportscultureLearningObjectives:Sportisallformsofcompetitivephysicalactivitywhich,throughcasualororganizedparticipation,aimstouse,maintainorimprovephysicalfitnessandprovideentertainmentforparticipants.Hundredsofsportsexist,fromthoserequiringonlytwoparticipantstothosewithhundredsofsimultaneousparticipants,eitherinteamsorcompetingasindividuals.Sportsareusuallygovernedbyasetofrulesorcustoms,whichservetoensurefaircompetition.Winningcanbedeterminedbyphysicaleventssuchasscoringgoalsorcrossingalinefirst,orbythedeterminationofjudgeswhoarescoringelementsofthesportingperformance.PartⅠPhoneticsTask1IdentifyingTheirPronunciationsDirections:Listenandrepeatthefollowingwords,payingattentiontothecoloredparts. /ʌ//ɑ://eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ/ /ʃ//ʒ /θ//ð//h/(1)bus cup under us mum(2)afternoon class dark car

ask(3)make eight grey rain play(4)like my minus bye right(5)oil boy noise moisture poison(6)bush

ship shot shop fish(7)measure usually occasion visionleisure(8)thing three mouth

thick throw(9)with

their this other brother(10)who whose how house hotPractice:Writedownthesoundoftheunderlinedpartofthewords.trainkitearmshoetoy____________________/ɔi//ei//ai//ɑ://u:/Task2AppreciatingaPoemDirections:Listentoapoem“Life”.Choosethewordsyouheartofillintheblanks.LifeLifecanbegood,Lifecanbe______(bad,bed),Lifeis______(most,mostly)cheerful,Butsometimes_______(said,sad).Lifecanbedirty,Lifecanevenbepainful,Butlifeiswhatyou_______(make,mark)it,So______(trial,try)tomakeitbeautiful.

badmostlysadmaketryTask3TimeforFun:TongueTwisterDirections:

Practicethetonguetwistersentencebysentenceafterthespeaker.Payattentiontothesounds.(1)Ninenicenightnursesarenursingnicely.(2)Asnow-whiteswanswamswiftlytocatchaslowlyswimmingsnakeinalake.(3)Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon’twishthewishyouwishtowish.Task1ShortDialoguesDirections:

Listentothefollowingshortdialoguesandfillintheblankswiththeinformationyougetfromtherecording.Eachdialoguewillbereadtwice.PartⅡListeningandSpeaking(1)W:ThesedaystheNationalGamesarethe

TVshows.M:Yes.Iwatchedmanygameslikegymnasticsand

.(2)M:What

doyoulike?W:Ilikeplayingtabletennis,

andjogginginthemorning.(3)M:Doyouthinksportsaregoodtoour

?W:Sure.Playingsportscanmakeus

,quickerandhappier.(4)M:DoyouknowMessihasbeen

FIFAworldplayerrecently?W:Yes,ofcourse.Heisdefinitelya

footballplayer.(5)W:IsTaiji

inyourcountry?M:Yes.Ifindthe

verynice.hottestdivingsportsbadmintonhealthstrongerawardedmarvelouspopularmovementsTask2AnsweringtheQuestionsDirections:

Youwillhear5recordedquestions.Listencarefullyandchoosetheproperanswertoeachquestion.Thequestionswillbereadtwice.(1)A.SoccerB.Golf C.BasketballD.Tennis(2)A.BalletB.QigongC.Judo D.Karate(3)A.BackstrokeB.FreestyleC.CrawlD.Breaststroke(4)A.Arsenalvs.ManchesterB.NewCastlevs.ManchesterC.Arsenalvs.LiverpoolD.Evertonvs.Fulham(5)A.InLondon B.InSydney C.InAthens D.InBeijingDBDACTask3OralPracticeWarmingUp:Matchtheexpressionsintheleftcolumnwiththeexpressionsintherightcolumnsoastoform7shortdialogues.(1)—Who’syourfavoritesoccerstar?(2)—Doyouliketogorockclimbingwithus?(3)—Howisthematchgoing?(4)—Doyouexerciseaerobicseverymorninginthepark?(5)—Youshouldgetupearlytodosomemorningexerciseseveryday.(6)—Youwon.Congratulations!(7)—Iwanttolearntoplaygolf.—It’sverytight.—IlikeCristianoRonaldobest.—Youarereallysporty.—ButIthinkenoughsleepismoreimportantforourbody.—No,butIdoshadow-boxinginstead.—Thankyou.It’sanarrowvictory.—Great!It’smyfavoritesport.UsefulExpressions(1)What’yourfavoritesport?(2)Doyoulikeplayingfootball/volleyball/tennis/badminton/basketball/golf/bridge…?(3)Adequatephysicalexercisesareveryimportantforourhealth.(4)Terrific!Ournationalteamwonthegame.(5)Friendshipisthefirst,competitionthesecond.(6)ThespiritoftheOlympicsishigher,fasterandstronger.(7)Wouldyouliketocomeovertoplaychesswithmeifyouarefree?DialogueA:Hi.What’swrongwithyou?Yourfaceisverypale.B:YouknowtheAustralianOpenisgoingonandIambusywithit.So...A:Oh,Iforgetit.Youareatennisfan.Whointerestsyou？B:CertainlyRogerFederal.Heismyidol.Andwhoisyouridol?A:KobeBryant.IlikeNBAbest.Heisthebestplayer.B:Yeah,soheis.Ialsolikehim.Heisaplayerfullofwisdom.DialogueA:InChina,heownsthemostfans.Rogerisalsoexcellent.B:HehasownedthemostGrandSlams.A:Hehadtwindaughtersafewmonthsagoandbecameafather.B:Yes.HeliveshappilysoI’mveryhappy.A:GoodluckforRoger.Andtakecareofyourself.B:Thankyou.NewWordsandExpressionsAustralianOpen澳大利亚网球公开赛fan/fæn/n.迷，狂热爱好者idol/'aɪdl/n.偶像NBA美国职业篮球联赛wisdom/'wɪzdəm/n.智慧，才智GrandSlam(棒球)大满贯Task4RolePlayfinal/'faɪnl/n.决赛，期终考试tense/tens/adj.紧张的，绷紧的takethelead领先accelerate/æk'seləreɪt/v.加速，提前catchat抓住，赶上neckandneck并驾齐驱draw…away把……甩在后面hittheline撞线nationalbanner国旗(1)Youandyourfriendaretalkingaboutthemen’s100mfinalwhichisabouttobegin.Makeupadialogueaccordingtotheinformation.Thevocabularygivenbelowmaybeofsomehelptoyou.NewWordsandExpressionsTask4RolePlaykeepfit保持健康diet/'daɪət/n.日常饮食soundsleep良好的睡眠stayinagoodmood保持好心情senseofhumour幽默感properexercise适量运动(2)Youandyourfriendaretalkingabouthowtokeepfit.Makeupadialogueaccordingtotheinformation.Thevocabularygivenbelowmaybeofsomehelptoyou.NewWordsandExpressionsTask5LeisureTime:JokesandHumorsThebuswascrowded,andasonemoremantriedtogeton,thepassengerswouldn’tlethimaboard.“It’stoocrowded,”theyshouted:“Whatdoyouthinkyouare?”“I’mthedriver,”hesaid.IAmtheDriverTextAThefirstSuperBowlwasheldattheLosAngelesColiseumonJanuary15,1967.TheGreenBayPackersbeattheKansasCityChiefs35-10.Morethan60,000peopleattended.But40,000seatswereempty.Thatisunthinkabletoday,whentheleastexpensiveseatsattheSuperBowlcancostthousandsofdollars.PartⅢReadingGoingtotheSuperBowlANot-So-SuperStartTheSuperBowlisthebiggestfootballgameoftheyear.Butitismorethanasportingevent.“SuperBowlSunday”isanofficialnationalholiday.Friendsandfamiliesgettogethertowatchthegame,rootfortheirteam,andhaveagoodtime.Peoplethrowall-dayparties.Inthehostcitywherethegameisplayed,thefestivitiesmaygoonforaweek.Fansoftendressupintheirteam’sjerseys.Someevenpainttheirfaceswiththeteam’scolors.AndmanypeopledrivetothestadiumonSuperSundaytoattendtailgateparties—largeoutdoorbarbecuesheldinparkinglots.TheSuperBowlgivespeopleacrossthecountryagoodreasontocelebrate.Football,afterall,isanAmericangame.Itisalsoawayforthepeoplewholiveineachteam’shomecityandstatetoshowtheircivicpride.SuperFanAGreenBayPackersfanwearsa“cheesehead”tothegame

TheSuperBowlisalsoaninternationalspectacle.Inadditionto100millionAmericanviewers,theSuperBowlisseenbymillionsmoreinalmosteverycountryaroundtheworld.Notalltheviewersarefootballfans.ManypeopletuneinforthelivehalftimeshowaslotsofcelebritiesareusuallyinvitedtoperformattheSuperBowl.Thebiggestfootballgameoftheyearbringshighexpectations.YetwhatmakestheSuperBowlfunisthatyouneverknowwhatwillhappen.TheSuperShowNewWordscoliseum/ˌkɒlɪ'sɪəm/n.大体育馆，大剧场，大公共娱乐场chief/tʃi:f/n.族长；酋长；首领；主管人员attend/əˈtend/v.出席；参加，到场event/ɪˈvent/n.(尤指重要、有意思、不同寻常的)事件，大事；活动★official/ə'fɪʃɪə/adj.正式的；官方的host/həʊst/n.主人，东道主；节目主持人v.当主人；主持节目；款待，做东NewWords☆jersey/ˈdʒɜ:zi/n.毛织运动衫☆stadium/ˈsteɪdɪəm/n.运动场;体育场☆tailgate/ˈteɪlgeɪt/n.(卡车等的)后挡板；下闸门outdoor/ˈaʊtdɔ:(r)/adj.户外的，露天的★barbecue/ˈbɑ:bɪkju:/n.户外烧烤parking[ˈpɑ:kɪŋ/n.(车辆等的)停放；停车场所，停车位lot/lɒt/pron.大量，许多n.份额；许多；一块地，场地civic/ˈsɪvɪk/adj.城市的；公民的，市民的NewWords☆spectacle/ˈspektəkl/n.表演，场面viewer/ˈvju:ə(r)/n.电视观众；观看者☆tune/tju:n/n.曲调，曲子，旋律v.调整；使和谐，使一致；调整(频率)；为……调音live/lɪv/v.生存；居住/laɪv/adj.活的，有生命的；现场直播的☆halftime/ˌhɑ:f'taɪm/n.[体]中场休息时间celebrity/səˈlebrəti/n.名人，知名人士；名流；名声；名誉expectation/ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/n.期待；预期PhrasesandExpressionsrootfor支持，赞助haveagoodtime过得愉快，玩得痛快goon发生；进行dressup穿上盛装，装扮，打扮parkinglot停车场afterall毕竟；究竟；归根结底；(解释或说明理由)别忘了inadditionto除……之外tunein调整频率(至……)，调整(收音机、电视)ProperNamesKansas/'kænsəz/n.(美国)堪萨斯州SuperBowl美国橄榄球超级杯大赛LosAngelesColiseum洛杉矶体育馆GreenBayPackers绿湾包装工队KansasCityChiefs堪萨斯酋长队tailgateparty球迷场外野餐会Exercises1.TheKansasCityChiefswonthefirstSuperBowl.()2.AtthebeginningtheseatsoftheSuperBowlareexpensive.()3.The“SuperBowlSunday”isanofficialnationalholiday.()4.AlltheviewersoftheSuperBowlarefootballfans.()5.LotsofcelebritiesareofteninvitedtoperformattheSuperBowl.()Ⅰ.TrueorFalseDirections:Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.FFTFTExercises1.WhenwasthefirstSuperBowlheld?A.OnJanuary15,1957.B.OnFebruary15,1967.C.OnJanuary15,1967.D.OnJanuary16,1957.2.WhichteamstookpartinthefirstSuperBowl?A.TheGreenBayandBuffaloBills.B.TheGreenBayPackersandtheKansasCityChiefs.C.TheKansasCityChiefsandNewYorkJets.D.TheGiantsandTheKansasCityChiefs.Ⅱ.ReadingComprehensionDirections:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsbychoosingA,B,C,orDaccordingtothetext.CBExercises3.Whatwillfansdoduringthefootballgame?A.Theyoftendressupintheirteam’sjerseysandattendtailgateparties.B.Theyoftensinganddance.C.Theyoftenweartheirfavoriteclothes.D.Theyoftenhavebarbecuedchickenatrestaurant.4.WhoaretheviewersoftheSuperBowl?A.Onlyfootballfans.B.Somecelebrities.C.Somepeoplewhogoafterfashion.D.Footballfansandsomepeoplewhowanttowatchthehalftimeshow.

ADExercises5.WhatmakestheSuperBowlinteresting?A.Thesuperfans.B.Thesupershow.C.Thetailgateparties.D.Youneverknowwhatwillhappen.DⅢ.BlankFillingDirections:Usethefollowingwordsorexpressionsintheboxtotranslatepartsofthefollowingsentences.beatunthinkable

coliseumrootfordressupcivicinadditiontospectacleexpectation

host1.

myweeklywage(除了每周的薪水外),Igotalotoftips.2.Inyesterday’sgames,Switzerland

(战胜)theUnitedStatestwo-one.3.Shewenttocollege

(满怀期待地).4.Germany

(主办了)theWorldCupfinals.5.Itis

(真是令人难以置信)thatachildlikehimcanspeakaforeignlanguagesofluently.Inadditiontobeatwithgreatexpectations.hostedquiteunthinkable6.Hisfriendsaskhimhowhecanstill

(支持)KobeBryant,andheshrugs.7.Thesunsetwasastunning

(异常壮观的景象).8.Ourdestinationtodayis

(体育馆)inRome.9.Theboyswereall

(装扮)aspirates.10.Itis

(我们公民的义务)toplanttrees.rootforspectaclethecoliseumdressedupourcivicdutyⅣ.Vocabulary&StructureDirections:

Thereare10incompletestatementshere.Youshouldfilleachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninbrackets.1.Toomany_______(chief)andnotenoughIndiansmayaffectyourjob.2.Somebody________(beat)atthedoor.3.Representativesfromacrossthehorseindustry________(attend)themeetingnextmonth.4.Itwas________(spectacle)nottobemissed.5.Itisadvisableto_______(root)fortheLaborcandidateintheelection.6.ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwerebeyondhis__________(expect).7._______(view)herperformanceattheNationalGrandTheater,peoplegaveastormofapplause.8.Theywereentertainedbytopsingers,dancersand___________(celebrity).9.Heshowedusamovie__________(celebrate)thelifeandworkofMartinLutherKing.10.Theradio_______(tune)intotheBBCWorldService.chiefsbeatingattendspectaclerootexpectationViewingcelebritiescelebratingtunedTextBAnOlympicsisanamazingplacetobe.Yousitinthecanteenandyoucouldseeaseven-footChinesegirlwhoisthebestvolleyballplayerintheworld,andoppositeyou’dhaveanAmericanbasketballplayeryoumighthavewatchedontelevision.Allofasuddenyouareamongathletesyoulookupto.WhenyougettoanOlympicvillage,youtrynottogettooexcited.You’vegottorememberwhyyouarethere—tocompete.WhyOlympiansMustSeizetheMomentIwanThomasAtanOlympics,youhaven’tgotyourhomecomforts.Youmightbesharingwithanathletewhosnores—simplethingslikethat—butyou’vegottokeepyourfocus.Therearetheexternalpressuresfromfriendsandfamily,butyou’vegottobeselfishandswitchyourphoneoff,tellyourmumanddadandyourfriendstoleaveyoufortwoweeks.You’vegottorealizewhyyouarethere.You’vetrainedallyearfortheOlympicsandyou’vegotthatsmallwindowofopportunitytogeteverythingright.ItwasamazingtogetasilvermedalinAtlanta.Theproudestmomentformewasseeingmymumanddadonmylapofhonor(优胜者绕场一周).WhenyougototheOlympics,you’reaperfectionist.Thesilvermedalwasgreat,butitwasn’tgold.AtthetimeIthought,“I’m21,I’vegotloadsofOlympics”ahead.ButasithappenedIhadalotofinjuries.Myadviceistoseizethemoment.You’vegottograspthatopportunityandsavorthemoment.NowasIgetolderandlookbackonit,I’mreallyproudofmymedal,ofallmymedals.Iknowhowmuchblood,sweatandtearshavegoneintowinningthem.Notes:WelshrunnerIwanThomaswonasilvermedalforGreatBritaininthe4×400metersrelayatthe1996AtlantaOlympics.NewWordsandExpressionsamazing/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/adj.令人惊异的canteen/kænˈti:n/n.小卖部，食堂，小饭馆★athlete/ˈæθli:t/n.运动员，体育家，强壮的人snore/snɔ:/v.打呼噜，打鼾☆external/eksˈtɜ:nl/adj.外来的，外国的，表面上的★switch/swɪtʃ/v.转换；关闭电流 ★load/ləʊd/n.负荷；装载；工作量savor/ˈseɪvə/v.品尝，欣赏NewWordsandExpressionsallofasudden突然lookupto尊重，敬仰(某人)sharewith与……共用;分享switchoff关上loadsof许多grasptheopportunity抓住机会beproudof对……感到自豪Exercises1.WhatisanOlympianoccasionlike?2.IfyougettoanOlympicvillageasanathlete,whatshouldyouremember?3.DoesanathletehavetoforgetfriendsandfamilywhileatanOlympics?Whyorwhynot?4.TheathletescompetingintheOlympicsarereallyselfishandonlythinkofthemselves?Ⅰ.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.

AnOlympicsisanamazingplacetobe.Youshouldrememberwhyyouarethere.Yes.Becausethepressuresfromfamilyandfriendsmightgetthemdistracted.No,theyarenot..Theyjustwanttokeepfocusinthetwoweeks.Exercises5.AllathletescompetinginOlympicGameshavenochoicebuttowinthegoldmedal,don’tthey?6.Whatdidtheauthormeanby“WhenyougototheOlympics,youareaperfectionist”?7.What’stheproudestmomentforIwanThomas?8.DidIwanThomasthinktheblood,sweat,andtearshehadworthwhile?Ⅰ.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.No,theydon’t.Othermedals,likesilvermeal,bronzemedal,arealsogreat.HemeantthattheOlympianswanttowingoldmedalmost.It’sseeinghismumanddadonhislapofhonor.Yes,hedid.Becausehewonmanymedals,evenanOlympicsilvermedal.Ⅱ.Directions:Choosetheproperexpressionsintheboxandfillintheblanks,changingtheformifnecessary.allofasuddenlookuptosharewithswitchoffloadsofgrasptheopportunitylookbackonbeproudof

1.

I’ll_______________myapple_______________youifyou’llgivemehalfofyourcake.2.He’sgot_____________________money.3._________________________

shedidn’tlooksleepyanymore.4.That’sabeautifulpieceofwork.Youshould____________________it.5.Childrenshould_______________________

theirparents.6.I_______________________________itasthebloodiestwinterofthewar.7.Iwill______________________beforemyrivals.8.Please________________________thelightswhenyouleave.sharewithloadsofAllofasuddenbeproudoflookuptolookbackongrasptheopportunityswitchoffⅢ.Directions:

Selecttheappropriatewordtofillintheblanks.1.amazedamazingamazinglyamazement2.competecompetitioncompetitorcompetitivea.Themost__________thingaboutnatureisitsinfinitevariety.b.Shewasan____________goodcook.c.Iwas_____________athisspeedofworking.d.Theystoppedandstaredathimin____________.a.Thefirstprizewasawardedtotheyoungest______________.b.Itisdifficultforasmallgrocerystoreto_____________withasupermarket.c.Hedidnotparticularlywanttotakeupa_____________sport.d.The_____________shouldhavebeenrescheduledforalaterdate.amazingamazinglyamazedamazementcompetitorcompetecompetitivecompetitionⅢ.Directions:

Selecttheappropriatewordtofillintheblanks.3.realizerealizationrealrealistic4.adviceadviseadvisoradvisablea.Hedoesnothaveany____________chanceofwinningtheelection.b.Bythetimethecompany_____________itsmistake,itwastoolate.c.Weshallgladlylendeveryeffortinourpowertowardits__________.d.Who’stoknowifthey’re__________gunsornot?a.Theminister___________himtoleaveassoonaspossible.b.Theyemployedmeasan____________.c.Itwas___________foryounottomentionthat.d.What____________doestheauthorgivetocollegestudents?realisticrealizedrealizationrealadvisedadvisoradvisableadviceⅣ.Directions:Translation—EnglishintoChinese,makethebestchoice.1. Theyoungpeopleofthepresentdayarebeyondmycomprehension.A.现在的判断超出了我的综合判断。B.现代年轻人比我的理解力强。C.当今的年轻人理解不了我。D.我真弄不懂当今的年轻人。2. Thisbookiswrittentosupplythematerialonbiologicalchemistrytofreshmen students.A.本书的写作目的是给大一学生提供生物化学方面的材料。B.本书是为新学生提供生物化学原料而写。C.写本书是为了供给大一学生生物化学方面的材料。D.本书被写是为了给大一学生提供生物化学方面的原材料。DAⅣ.Directions:Translation—EnglishintoChinese,makethebestchoice.3. In2001,itwaschosentobeincludedinthelistoftheworldexcellentproducts.A. 2001年，它选入世界名优产品。B. 2001年该产品被选中列入世界名优产品录。C. 2001年，该产品进入世界名优产品录。D.该产品在2001年被世界名优产品选中。4. Abusyshoppingcenterisusuallyalsoagoodlocationforarestaurant.A.忙碌的购物中心往常也是饭店好生意的来源。B.忙碌的购物中心经常也有一家地理位置好的饭店。C.繁忙的购物中心常常也是就餐的好地方。D.繁忙的购物中心通常也是建造饭店的好场所。BDⅣ.Directions:Translation—EnglishintoChinese,makethebestchoice.5. Customersprefertopurchaseourproductsthoughtheyseemtobehigherinprice.A.顾客情愿购买我们那些价格看上去较高的产品。B.虽然我们的产品价格似乎高了一些，顾客仍喜欢购买。C.消费者宁愿买我们的产品，不过它们的价格似乎高了一些。D.尽管我们的产品很高，人们虽不情愿但仍然购买。BPartⅣGrammarReview一、名词的用法名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：(1)个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。(2)集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。(3)物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。(4)抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。名

词

和

代

词1.名词复数的规则变化

情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加s清辅音后读/s/浊辅音和元音后读/z/map-mapsbag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加es/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze等结尾加s/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es/z/baby-babies2.其他名词复数的规则变化

(1)以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays(2)以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo-photos，piano-pianos，radio-radios，zoo-zoos。b.加es，如：potato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes。c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如：zero-zeros/zeroes。(3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：belief-beliefs，roof-roofs，safe-safes，gulf-gulfs。b.去f，fe加ves，如：half-halves，knife-knives，leaf-leaves，wolf-wolves，wife-wives，life-lives，thief-thieves。c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。

3.名词复数的不规则变化

(1)child-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice，man-men，woman-women。注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。(2)单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。(3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：people,police,cattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson，apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，例如：TheChineseareindustriousandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

3.名词复数的不规则变化

(4)以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：“TheArabianNights”isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。(5)表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses(眼镜)，trousers，clothes等。若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双)，suit(套)，如：apairofglasses，twopairsoftrousers等。(6)另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods(货物)，waters(水域)，fishes(鱼)。

4.名词的格

英语中有些名词可以用“’s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher’sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：(1)单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加’s，如：theboy’sbag(男孩的书包)，men’sroom(男厕所)。(2)若名词已有复数词尾s，则只加“’”，如：theworkers’struggle(工人的斗争)。(3)凡不能加’s的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词”的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong(歌的名字)。

(4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber’s(理发店)。(5)如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个’s，则表示“共有”。例如：John’sandMary’srooms(两间)，JohnandMary’sroom(一间)。(6)复合名词或短语，’s加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：amonthortwo’sabsence。

代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词和关系代词等。二、代词的用法1.人称代词表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化如下：数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythem

shehertheythem

itittheythem表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。其人物和数的变化如下：二、代词的用法2.物主代词数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhis/herouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis/hersoursyourstheirsOurschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.(作主语)I’vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours？(作宾语)指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。Thisisapenandthatisapencil．WhatIwanttosayisthis:pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish．Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking？二、代词的用法3.指示代词英语中用来表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，如：myself，yourself，himself，ourselves，yourselves等。Hecalledhimselfawriter．Thegirlinthenewsismyself．二、代词的用法4.反身代词不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：some，any，few，afew，little，alittle，other，theother，another，others，theothers，each，every，all，both等。Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary.Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.Theteachergaveatoytoeachchild.LucyandLilybothagreewithus.二、代词的用法5.不定代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语中，eachother和oneanother没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语或定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.(作宾语)Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother？(作宾语)Weoftenborroweachother’s/oneanother’sbooks.(作定语)二、代词的用法6.相互代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow？(作主语)Whoseumbrellaisthis？(作定语)Whomareyouwaitingfor？(作宾语)二、代词的用法7.疑问代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who，whose，whom，that，which。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语。在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的名词或代词。例如：Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.I’mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster？二、代词的用法8.关系代词Exercises1.—Arethose______?—No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep;cows B.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cow D.sheeps;cows2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.A.twoorange B.twobottlesoforangeC.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?A.averygood B.any C.apieceof D.twopiecesDirections:

Thereare10incompletestatementshere.Youarerequiredtocompleteeachstatementbychoosingtheappropriateanswerfromthe4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Exercises4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____.A.Mr.Gr