写作教程UNit-1-The-Correct-Word-(II)(课堂)课件

EnglishWritingUnitI:TheCorrectWord(II)1EnglishWritingUnitI:TheCoObjectivesToidentifyfalsefriendsinEnglishandlearntochoosethecorrectwordforanidea;Tolearntoavoidmakingerrorsinsubject-verbagreement;andTowriteasimplenote.2ObjectivesToidentifyfalsefrTeachingPoints

HowtodistinguishfalsefriendsinEnglish?2.Discussionaboutsubject-verbageementinfourcontexts3.Howtowriteasimplenote?3TeachingPointsHowtodistingFalseFriends

ReadthefollowingconversationbetweenAliceandtheRedandWhiteQueensinLewisCarroll’sThroughtheLookingGlassandWhatAliceFoundThere.Question:Canyoufindoutthecauseofthemisunderstanding?4FalseFriendsReadthefollowiFalseFriends“Canyouanswerusefulquestions?”askedtheRedQueen.“Howisbreadmade?”“Iknowthat!”AliceCriedeagerly.“Youtakesomeflour…”“Wheredoyoupicktheflower?”theWhiteQueenasked.“Inagardenorinthehedges?”“Well,itisn’tpickedatall,”Aliceexplained,“it’sground…”“Howmanyacresofground?”saidtheWhiteQueen.“Youmustn’tleaveoutsomanythings.”5FalseFriends“CanyouansweFalseFriends

Wordslike

flourandflower,ground(pp.)andground(n.)inthisdialoguearetroublesomeandtheirmisusecaneasilycausemisunderstanding.Wecallpairsofwordssimilarinappearanceor

pronunciationbutdifferentinmeaningfalsefriends.

6FalseFriendsWordslikeFalseFriendsadvisevs.adviceaffectvs.effectcomplementvs.complimentcontinuallyvs.continuouslyangelvs.anglecapitalvs.capitolcrediblevs.credulous7FalseFriendsadvisevsFillintheblanksbelowwiththerightwordinbrackets,changetheformwherenecessary.Yourfever__(rise,raise)yesterday.ThatracketisbadenoughtomakeAuntElla’seyebrows__(raise,rise).Jackhasbeen__(lie,lay)aroundallday.Thesoldiers__(lie,lay)asidetheirweapons.Aheavyfog__(lie,lay)overtheland.8FillintheblanksbelowwithAnswersforClassroomActivities2Yourfeverrose(rise,raise)yesterday.ThatracketisbadenoughtomakeAuntElla’seyebrowsraised(raise,rise).Jackhasbeenlying(lie,lay)aroundallday.Thesoldierslaid(lie,lay)asidetheirweapons.Aheavyfoglay(lie,lay)overtheland.9AnswersforClassroomActivitiAnswersforClassroomActivities3fairvs.fare:

It'snotfairtoputalltheblameonhimBusfaresaregoingupagain.passedvs.past:

Ipassedthelandladyonthestairsthismorning.

Severalboyswentpast（pre.）

usonmountainbikes.Monthswentpast(adv.)andnothinghappened.几个月过去了，什么都没有发生。10AnswersforClassroomActivitiintensevs.intensive:

Shesuddenlyfeltan

intensepaininherstomach.

HetookanintensivecourseonEnglish.farthervs.further：Thefog'ssothick;Ican'tseefartherthanaboutfivemeters.Everydayshesinksfurtherandfurtherintodepression.11intensevs.intensive:11

Makingasentencebyusingeachpairofwords.

1、course&coarse(rough)

Overthecourseoftime,jagged(参差不齐的),coarse

rockswillbepolishedtosmoothnessbythepoundingwaves.12

Makingasentencebyusinge2、passed&past

Jewisaskedforameetingwithhisbosstolearnwhyhehadbeenpassedoverforpromotiontwiceinthepastyear.132、passed&past133、peace&pieceUponhearingthatpieceofmusic,myangrymoodwasgraduallyreplacedbyoneofpeace.143、peace&piece144、principal&principleOurprincipalinsiststhatallstudentsadheretoeveryschoolprincipleregardingdress,tardinessandsmoking.154、principal&principle155、threw&through

Asthepresidentmovedslowlythroughthecheeringcrowd,theSecretServiceagentsuddenlythrewhimselfatamanwavingasmallmetalobject.165、threw&through16、to/two/too

Thetwoofthemhavebeendatingforayear,butlatelytheyseemtobearguingtoooftentopretendnothingiswrong.176、to/two/too177、weather&whether

Thegloomyweatherreportinthepaperthismorningendedalldiscussionofwhethertopackapicniclunchforlater.187、weather&whether189、effect&affect

Scientisthavestudiedtheeffectoflargequantitiesofsaccharine(糖精)onlabanimalsbuthaveyettolearnhowsimilaramountsaffecthumanbeings.199、effect&affect198、accept&except

Vedwouldaccepttheposition,exceptthatitwouldaddtwentyminutestohisdailycommute(通勤，上下班往返).208、accept&except2010、loose&loseAloose

wireinthetelevisionsetwascausingustolosethepicture.2110、loose&lose21GrammarSubject-VerbAgreementThreebasicprinciplesGrammaticalAgreement语法一致NotionalAgreement意义一致Theprincipleofproximity就近原则Agreementhelpsreadersunderstandtherelationsbetweenelementsinasentence.22GrammarSubject-VerbAgreemPractice1.Risingstandardsofliteracyarethegovernment'spriority.√Risingstandardsofliteracyisthegovernment'spriority.（提高文化素质是政府的首要任务。）

动名词和不定式作主语的时候谓语动词一定是单数。

Torearachildalonearechallengingtoanyparent.

（独立抚养一个小孩对任何父母亲都是有挑战性的。）Torearachildaloneischallengingtoanyparent.23Practice1.RisingstandardsofPractice2.Theadequacyoffinancialresourcesarecrucialtotheoperationofanot-for-profitorganisation.√Theadequacyoffinancialresourcesiscrucialtotheoperationofanot-for-profitorganisation.（资金的充足对于非营利机构的运作是至关重要的。）

不可数名词作主语的时候谓语动词一定是单数；如果主语是“...of...”的词组，谓语的数需要和“of”之前的名词保持一致。

动词用单数的名词：thepress,thepublic,news,thegovernment,thepoliceforce,advertising动词用复数的名词：authorities,people24Practice2.TheadequacyoffinaPractice3.Overworking,coupledwithpoordiet,leadtophysicaldegeneration.√Overworking,coupledwithpoordiet,leadstophysicaldegeneration.（工作过度，连同不好的饮食，会导致体质下降。）

当主语后跟着“with,togetherwith,coupledwith,combinedwith,aswellas,like”的时候，谓语动词跟随主语变化。25Practice3.Overworking,coupledPractice4.Evenifsomebodyfallsick，everthinggoonasusual.√Evenifsomebodyfallssick，everthinggoesonasusual.（即便有人病了，一切还是照常进行。）

有一些不定代词（indefinitepronoun）后面的谓语动词一定是单数（anybody,anything,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing,somebody,someone,something,each,much,neither,noone,none）。26Practice4.EvenifsomebodyfalPractice5.Thereisanumberofcountrieswhichperformpoorlyincontainingpollution.√Thereareanumberofcountrieswhichperformpoorlyincontainingpollution.（有不少国家在控制污染上表现很差。）

“Therebe”句型中谓语动词的数随着其后面的名词改变。27Practice5.ThereisanumberofPractice6.Howwecopewithmassivetechnolgicalchangeinthe21stcenturyareaninterestingissue.√Howwecopewithmassivetechnolgicalchangeinthe21stcenturyisaninterestingissue.（我们如何处理21世纪的大规模技术变化是一件有趣的事情。）

由“what,whether,how,that,where”引起的主语从句中，谓语动词常用单数。28Practice6.HowwecopewithmasWhensubjectiscompound1、Acompoundsubjectwithandtakesapluralverbinmostcases,butwhenitexpressesasingularmeaningorwheneachofthesingularsubjectsisconsideredindividually,ittakesasingularverb.2、Afteracompoundsubjectwithor,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,theverbagreesinnumberandpersonwiththenearerpartofthesubject.Whensubjectiscompound1、AcoWhensubjectiscompoundInterveningphrases（插入语）orclausesnotintroducedbycoordinatingconjunctionsdonotaffectthenumberofaverb.Suchphrasesarenormallyintroducedbyprepositionsorprepositionalphrasessuchaswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,alongwithinadditionto,togetherwith,with,plus,andincluding.WhensubjectiscompoundIntervWhenthesubjectexpressesquantity1、Nominalphrasesoftime,money,weightandmeasurementnormallytakeasingularverb.2、Somewordsorphrases,suchasall,most,half,thelast,therest,takeasingularorpluralverb,dependingonthemeaningofthenounorpronounthatfollows.WhenthesubjectexpressesquaWhenthesubjectexpressesquantity3、Phraseslikelotsof,heapsof,loadsoftakesingularorpluralverbsdependingontheformofthenounsthatfollow.4、Insentenceswithmorethanoneormanya

modifyingthesubjectnouns,theverbshouldtakeasingularformthoughitispluralinmeaning.WhenthesubjectexpressesquaWhenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructurea.

Hewasoneofthecandidateswhowereabletocarryouttheircampaignpledges.Hewastheonlyoneofthecandidateswhowas

abletocarryouthiscampaignpledgesWhenthesubjectisarelativeWhenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructureb.Whathewants

isjustalittlelovefromhisfosterparents.Whatonethinksandsaysare

notalwaysthesame.WhenthesubjectisarelativeWhenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructurec.Thereis

acherrytreeandseveralorchidflowersinthegarden.Therearehundredsofapplicantsonthewaitinglistforthejob.WhenthesubjectisarelativeSummaryAfterarelativepronoun(who,which,that),theverbhasthesamepersonandnumberastheantecedent.(InthesecondsentenceinPaira,theantecedentistheonlyone,notthecandidates.)Afterawhat-clause,theverbisusuallysingular,.Butifthe

what-clauseisinacompoundstructurepluralinmeaning,theverbisinpluralform.Inthethere-be

structure,theverbissingularorpluraldependingonthenumberofthesubject.Thesingularthereis

maybeusedtointroduceacompoundsubjectwhenthefirstnounornominalphraseissingular.SummaryAfterarelativepronoOthers1、Indefinitepronounssuchasanybody,anyone,each,everybody,nobody,noone,andsomebodygenerallyrequireasingularverb.2、Thepronounsanyandnonetakeeithersingularorpluralverbs.3、Thecomplementoftheverbbe

doesnotaffectitsnumber.4、Acollectivenountakesasingularverbwhentheclassitnamesisthoughtofasaunit,butapluralverbwhenthemembersoftheclassarethoughtofasindividuals.37Others1、IndefinitepronounssuOthers5、Titlesofbooks,magazines,movies,newspapers,plays,andtheliketakeasingularverb.6、Certainnounswhicharepluralinformbutsingularinmeaninggenerallytakeasingularverb.Someofthesearephysics,mechanics,news,statistics,andwhereabouts.38Others38Writingasimplenote!3939

Indentedform缩进式

April11DearGeorge,YesterdayIreadonthenoticeboardthatouruniversitylibraryislookingforapart-timelibraryassistantwhocanworkatweekends.Iknowyou’vebeenlookingforapart-timejob,soI’mwritingtotellyouaboutthevacancy.Ithinkyou’retherightpersonforthepost,sinceyoumeetallthelistedrequirements.Isuggestthatyougoforaninterview.Yourstruly,TomCompanyLogo

Indentedform缩进式

Blockform齐头式Dec.28thDearLisa,IhavegottwoticketstotheoldfilmGonewithWindatthenewcinemanearyourhome.PleasemeetmeattheChildrenPark