关节学好课件05

第三节Jointsoflimbs

附肢骨的连结DepartmentofAnatomyYunyangmedicalcollege

教学目的与要求1.掌握肩关节的构成、特点及运动。2.掌握肘关节的组成及运动，腕关节的形态及构成。3.掌握髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结，骨盆的组成与分部。4.掌握髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的形态、特点及运动。5.了解胸锁关节、肩锁关节、骶髂关节的组成，足弓的构成及功能。TheGeneralDescription

Owingtotheerectstandingofhumanbeing,theupperlimbhasbeenfreedandmoremovablefromweightbearingandbecomealaboringorgan.Thejointsoftheupperlimbarechieflyforthemobilityinaction,whereasthejointsofthelowerlimbareforthestability.Ⅰ.Jointsofupperlimb

Ⅰ)Jointsofshouldergirdle

1.Sternoclavicularjoint胸锁关节*Composition:clavicularnotchofsternum,andthefirstcostalcartilage,sternalendofclavicle.

*Feature:

Articularcapsule:strong

*Movements(polyaxialjoint)

2.Acromioclavicularjoint肩锁关节

(planejoint)3.Coracoacromialligament喙肩韧带Coracoclavicularlig.喙锁韧带Ⅱ)Jointsoffreeupperlimb1.Shoulderjoint肩关节

(ball-and-socket)*Composition:headofhumerusandglenoidcavityofscapula*Feature:

Articularsurface:

Capsule:Thinandlax

Attachments:

Glenoidlabrum盂唇:Coracohumeralligament喙肱韧带*Movements:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,medialandlateralrotation,circumduction头大盂小囊松薄最易发生前下脱2.

Elbowjoint肘关节(compoundjoint)*Composition:lowerendofhumerus,upperendsofradiusandulna1.Humeroulnarjoint肱尺关节2.Humeroradialjoint肱桡关节3.Proximalradioulnarjoint桡尺近侧关节*Feature:Articularsurface:compoundjoint

Capsule:thinandlaxanteriorlyandposteriorly.

Ligaments:1.Radialcollacteralligament桡侧副韧带:2.

Ulnarcollacteralligament尺侧副韧带:3.

Annularligamentofradius桡骨环状韧带:*Movements:flexionandextension,pronationandsupinationDislocation3.Jointsbetweenradiusandulnar

Proximalradioulnarjoint

桡尺近侧关节Distalradioulnarjoint桡尺远侧关节

Interosseousmembraneofforearm前臂骨间膜4.Jointsofhand1)

Radiocarpaljoint桡腕关节(wristjoint)*Composition

CarpalarticularsurfaceofradiusandarticulardiscProximalrowofcarpalbutnotpisiform*Feature:Articularsurface:ellipsoidjoint

Capsule:laxandstrengthenedbysurroundingligaments

*Movements:(biaxialjoint)2)Carpometacarpaljoints:★Carpometacarpaljointofthumb拇指腕掌关节*Composition:trapeziumandbaseofthefirstmetacarpal*Feature:saddlejoint*Movement:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,andopposition3)Theothers:自学

Ⅱ.JointsofLowerlimb

Ⅰ)Jointsofpelvicgirdle

1.Sacroiliacjoint

骶髂关节

*Composition:auricularsurfaceofsacrumandilium

*Feature:Capsule:verytightandstrengthenedbyligaments2.Vertebropelvicligaments

1)Iliolumballigament髂腰韧带:2)

Sacrotuberousligament

骶结节韧带

3)

Sacrospinousligament

骶棘韧带

Thesetwoligamentsconvertthesciaticnotchesthegreaterandlesser

sciaticforamen

坐骨大、小孔3.Pubicsymphysis耻骨联合4.Obturatormembrane

闭孔膜

obturatorcanal

闭膜管5.Bonypelvis骨盆1)Composition:formedbypairedhipbones,sacrum,coccyx,andtheirarticulations2)Terminalline界线:formedbypromontoryofsacrum,arcuateline,pectenpubis,pubictubercle,upperborderofpubicsymphysis.3)Twoportions:*Greaterpelvis*Lesserpelvis4)Lesserpelvis小骨盆(1)pelvicinlet

骨盆上口(terminalline):(2)Pelvicoutlet

骨盆下口:formedbytipofcoccyx,sacrotuberousligament,ischialtuberosity,ramusofischium,inferiorramusofpubic,symphysis(3)Pelviccavity(4)Pubicarch,subpubicangleⅡ)Jointsoffreelowerlimb1.Hipjoint髋关节*Composition:

acetabulumandfemoralhead*Feature:(1)Articularcapsule

Strengthenedandthick

attachments

(2)Acetabulumlabrum

髋臼唇

(3)transverseacetabular

ligament髋臼横韧带

(4)Ligamentofheadoffemur股骨头韧带LigamentofheadoffemurAcetabulumlabrumTransverseacetebularlig.Ischiofemorallig.Zonaorbicularis(5)Iliofemorallig.髂股韧带(6)Pubofemorallig.耻股韧带(7)Ischiofemoralligament

坐股韧带