英语修辞手法集锦

Simile：(明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Metaphor：(暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Analogy:类比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.Personification:(拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributestoinanimateobjects,ortoideasandHyperbole:(夸张）Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Eg.healmostdiedUnderstatement:(含蓄陈述）Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberatelyunderstatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Eg.Itisnolaughingmatter.Euphemism:(委婉）Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Metonymy：(转喻）Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Eg.thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces).1、Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonyhhimselfcomingtoinspect在这里代替了“news,information”（消息、信息）2、AlspokewithhisSynecdoche[si'nekdəki](提喻)Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Forinstance,theysaythere'sbreadandworkforall.Antonomasia(换喻）[,æntənəu'meiziə]Ithasalsotodowithsubstitution.Itisnotoftenmentionednow,thoughitisstillinfrequentuse.Eg.Solomonforawiseman.Danielforawiseandfairjudge.Judasforatraitor.Pun:(双关语）Itisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.Eg.acannon-balltookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.(Here"arms"hastwomeanings:aperson'sbody;weaponscarriedbyasoldier.)Napoleonwasastonished.”Eitheryouaremad,orIam,”hedeclared.“Both，sir!”criedtheSwedeproudly.Syllepsis:一语双叙）IthastwoInthefirstcase,itisafigurebywhichaword,oraparticularformorinflectionofaword,referstotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,whileproperlyapplyingtooragreeingwithonlyonofthemingrammarorsyntax.Eg.Headdressedyouandme,anddesiredustofollowhim.(Hereusisusedtorefertoyouandme.)Inthesecondcase,itawordmayrefertotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence.Eg.whilehewasfighting,andlosinglimbandmind,anddying,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.(Heretolosingone'slimbsinliteral;toloseone'smindisfigurative,andmeanstogomad.)Zeugma:轭式搭配）Itisasinglewordwhichismadetomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,witherproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem,orapplyingtothemindifferentEg.Thesunshallnotburnyoubyday,northemoonbynight.noonisnotstrongenoughtoIrony:(反语）Itisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Eg.wearelucky,whatyousaidmakesmefeelrealInnuendo:(暗讽）Itisamildformofirony,hintinginaratherroundaboutwayatsomethingdisparagingoruncomplimentarytothepersonorsubjectmentioned.Eg.theweathermansaiditwouldbeworm.Hemusttakehisreadingsinabathroom.Sarcasm:(讽刺）ItSarcasmisastrongformofirony.Itattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,anditsaimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked.Eg.lawsarelikecobwebs,whichmaycatchsmallflies,butletwaspsbreakthrough.Paradox:(似非而是的隽语）Itisafigureofspeechconsistingofastatementorpropositionwhichonthefaceofitseemsself-contradictory,absurdorcontrarytoestablishedfactorpractice,butwhichonfurtherthinkingandstudymayprovetobetrue,well-founded,andeventocontainasuccinctpoint.Eg.Morehaste,lessOxymoron:(矛盾修饰）Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoiningoftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruoustermsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaosandproudhumility.Antithesis:(对照）Itisthedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasis.Eg.speechissilver;silenceisgolden.Epigram:(警句）['epiɡræm]Itstatesasimpletruthpithily(有利地)andpungently(强烈地).Itisusuallyterseandarousesinterestandsurprisebyitsdeepinsightintocertainaspectsofhumanbehaviororfeeling.Eg.Few,savethepoor,feelfortheClimax:(渐进）ItisderivedfromtheGreekwordfor"ladder"andimpliestheprogressionofthoughtatauniformoralmostuniformrateofsignificanceorintensity,likethestepsofaladderascendingEg.Icame,Isaw,IAnti-climaxorbathos:突降）ItistheoppositeofClimax.Itinvolvesstatingone'sthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensity,fromstrongtoweak,fromweightytolightorfrivolous.Eg.Butthousandsdie,withoutorthisorthat,die,andendow(赋予)acollege,oracat.Apostrophe：[ə'pɔstrəfi](顿呼）Inthisfigureofspeech,athing,place,ideaorperson(deadorabsent)isaddressedasifpresent,listeningandunderstandingwhatisbeingsaid.Eg.England!awake!awake!TransferredEpithet:转类形容词）Itisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet(anadjectiveordescriptivephrase)istransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodifytoanothertowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong.Eg.IspentsleeplessnightsonmyAlliteration:(头韵)Ithastodowiththesoundratherthanthesenseofwordsforeffect.Itisadevicethatrepeatsthesamesoundatfrequentintervalsandsincethesoundrepeatedisusuallytheinitialconsonantsound,itisalsocalled"frontEg.thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew,thefurrowfollowedHowandwhyhehadcometoPrinceton,NewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,success,andsadness.Onomatopoeia:(拟声）[,ɔnəumætəu'pi:ə]Itisadevicethatuseswordswhichimitatethesoundsmadebyanobject(animateorinanimate),orwhichareassociatedwithorsuggestive(提示的)ofsomeactionormovement.Eg:OntherootoftheschoolhousesomepigeonsweresoftlyShebroughtmeintotouchwitheverythingthatcouldbereachedorfelt——sunlight,therustlingofsilk,thenoisesofinsects,thecreakingofadoor,thevoiceofalovedone.AssonanceAssonanceistherepetitionofvowelsoundstointernalrhymingwithinphrasesorsentences,andtogetherwithalliterationandconsonance[1]servesasoneofthebuildingblocksofverse.Forexample,inthephrase"Doyoulikeblue?",the("o"/"ou"/"ue"sound)isrepeatedwithinthesentenceandisAssonanceisfoundmoreofteninversethaninprose.Itisusedin(mainlymodern)Engl