活塞式压缩机设计大作业

./活塞式压缩机大型作业<2009>一、题目：复算19WY—9/150型氢氮气压缩机在目前操作条件下的各级压力、排气温度、排气量、功率,作出计算示功图、切向力图、活塞力图、标明最大活塞力与切向力,核算配用电机功率是否适当？二、19WY—9/150型压缩机简介19WY—9/150型压缩机是我省是期投产3000吨小型化肥厂的氮氢气压缩机,二列是间为飞轮,由电机通过三角皮带拖动。压缩机为卧式、两列、门型,四级压缩。原料〔半水煤气经脱硫后进入Ⅰ级,经Ⅰ级压缩后送去变换、水洗、碳化、碳化后,为碳化气。碳化气返回Ⅱ级、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级压缩后去洗铜、合成。三、目前操作条件与有关数据〔1操作条件：吸气压力0.15MPa<绝>排气压力16.0MPa<绝>Ⅰ级出口与Ⅱ级进口压力差△P=0.09MPa吸气温度：级ⅠⅡⅢⅣts<℃>30354040Ⅰ级进口相对湿度ф=1〔2气体组成组分N2H2CO2COO2ArCH4半水煤气0.210.390.120.260.0050.00450.0105碳化气0.2370.7090.0050.0290.0030.0050.012〔3有关数据〔3有关数据活塞行程：S=310mm,活塞杆直径d=60mm转速：n=228转/分连杆比λ=r/L=150/700=0.2143Ⅰ—Ⅳ列超前Ⅱ—Ⅲ列90o往复运动件重量：Ⅰ—Ⅳ列210.9Kg;Ⅱ—Ⅲ列193.7KgⅠⅡⅢⅣ直径D34021013565相对余隙α0.0650.150.160.1抽气系数μ10.890.890.89飞轮矩GD2为471.0Kg-m2配用电机额定功率：155kW解：1.由于各级间温度变化不大,所以各气体的热熔比取由书本图1-2,各气体等熵指数分别取N2：K=1.40H2:K=1.40CO2:K=1.28CO:K=1.40O2:K=1.40Ar:K=1.66CH4:K=1.27根据公式1-14可得原料〔半水煤气的等熵指数为K=1.379碳化气的等熵指数K=1.397一.初算各级压力比各级的行程容积根据式子可计算=0.0544=0.0171=0.0035=0.0010又已知吸气压力0.15MPa<绝>排气压力16.0MPa<绝>即=0.15MPa=16.0MPa==0.15四级的名义压力比为：3.确定各级新的容积系数由书本表2-1可得膨胀指数计算公式,且第一级K=1.379,二,三,四级的K=1.397多变指数第一级=1.19多变指数第二级=1.20多变指数第三级=1.25多变指数第四级=1.30理想气体的容积系数根据公式2-10可求得4.确定各级工况系数C抽气系数由公式得所以要进行复算〔二第一次复算1.重新确定初值P得2.确定各级容积系数3.确定各级工况常数所以要进行第二次复算〔三第二次复算1.重新确定初值P2.确定各级容积系数3.确定各级工况常数所以要进行第三次复算〔四第三次复算1.重新确定初值P2.确定各级容积系数3.确定各级工况常数精度足够,所以确定各级压力位第级吸气压力P=0.15MPa排气压力P=0.737MPa第级吸气压力P=0.647MPa排气压力P=2.909MPa第级吸气压力P=2.909MPa排气压力P=8.513MPa第级吸气压力P=8.513MPa排气压力P=16.0MPa二各级排气温度根据书本公式2-25计算〔其中为吸气温度又过程指数对低压级可取,中高压取n=k,所以取=1.39可得三排气量的计算根据值理论计算由书本公式2-29得〔其中为各级气缸的行程容积,；分别为气缸的容积系数,压力系数,温度系数；无气体泄漏是取取1；n为压缩机转速,根据的压力比查温度系数与压力比的关系图2-12可得各级的温度系数0.93,0.91,0.94,0.96,压力系数〔一般取0.98到1.0取因为所以泄漏系数泄漏系数取=0.97,=0.97,=0.95,=0.94,所以压缩机的排气系数为=0.82,=0.63,=0.78,=0.940.93,0.91,0.94,0.96=0.97,=0.97,=0.95,=0.94同理第二级的吸气系数为=0.0544=0.0171=0.0035=0.0010所以四功率的计算计算各级指示功率和轴功率由公式可计算第级第级第级第级所以,压缩机总的指示功率取机械效率取,则压缩机的轴功率又电机功率余度10%,而>155所以该电机规格不符。活塞运动分析活塞的位移公式为活塞的位移近似式为活塞的加速度为式中,,对运动机构,习惯用理论力学的达朗贝尔原理进行受力分析,即将运动刚体视为静止,加上惯性力,运用静力学平衡方程。作用在连杆机构上的几个主要作用力：惯性力、气体力、摩擦力、摩擦力矩等。并画它们与转角关系的曲线图。惯性力由已知,得：摩擦力与摩擦力矩往复摩擦力的计算公式为为机械效率为指示功率S为行程为每秒转速,r/s旋转摩擦力矩的计算公式为：旋转摩擦力的计算公式为：气体力其中P为气体力,N为活塞的有效面积,为作用在有效面积上的气体压力,Pa求出转角对应的活塞当量位移x盖侧对应于汽缸容积的活塞当量位移,就是活塞位移的值：轴侧对应于汽缸容积的当量位移则另为：即对于的值可以查表。压缩过程任意点的压力为：膨胀过程任意点的压力为：排气过程任意点的压力为：吸气过程任意点的压力为：为余隙容积的当量行程。分别为膨胀过程任意点的压力与膨胀始点压力。与压缩过程的意义一样。压缩始点压力级次进气压力<MP>排气压力<MP>余隙容积的当量行程,m行程过程指数第一级0.150.7370.020.311.39第二级0.6472.9090.050.311.4第三级2.9098.5130.050.311.4第四级8.513160.030.311.4根据以上画出示功图同理,可得到第级的指示功图活塞力切向力数据角度弧度气体力盖1气体力盖2气体力轴1气体力轴2摩擦力1摩擦力200-107.633-77.15813.48342.991900100.174533-94.5483-71.857514.8033646.949191.0351.036200.349066-68.7338-59.41615.3229448.493121.0351.036300.523599-46.5692-45.874416.2345951.184411.0351.036400.698132-36.7264-34.626817.6138255.214241.0351.036500.872665-34.9374-26.301319.5819260.880641.0351.036601.047198-34.9374-20.395522.3259768.624221.0351.036701.22173-34.9374-18.441826.1323579.082261.0351.036801.396263-34.9374-18.441831.4435393.168171.0351.036901.570796-34.9374-18.441838.9554112.18331.0351.0361001.745329-34.9374-18.441849.78745129.53021.0351.0361101.919862-34.9374-18.441855.107138.68531.0351.0361202.094395-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361302.268928-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361402.443461-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361502.617994-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361602.792527-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361702.96706-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361803.141593-34.9374-18.441855.107139.503001903.316126-38.247-20.093648.99303132.5857-1.035-1.0362003.490658-39.1741-20.553836.25935115.0567-1.035-1.0362103.665191-40.7951-21.35624.6481893.55904-1.035-1.0362203.839724-43.2352-22.557416.5442873.36202-1.035-1.0362304.014257-46.6954-24.24913.48356.76922-1.035-1.0362404.18879-51.4857-26.56813.48345.91191-1.035-1.0362504.363323-58.081-29.719213.48342.9919-1.035-1.0362604.537856-67.2167-34.008713.48342.9919-1.035-1.0362704.712389-80.056-39.898113.48342.9919-1.035-1.0362804.886922-90.9679-48.091513.48342.9919-1.035-1.0362905.061455-101.865-59.669213.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363005.235988-107.633-76.277413.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363105.410521-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363205.585054-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363305.759586-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363405.934119-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363506.108652-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363606.283185-107.633-77.15813.48342.991900角度惯性力1惯性力2活塞力1活塞力2切向力1切向力2017.547616.1172-76.6024-18.0489001017.1490715.75116-61.5609-8.12115-12.9491-1.708262015.981514.67876-36.39444.79188-14.96781.9707413014.1261912.97469-15.173419.3207-9.0110811.474034011.7097210.7552-6.3678632.37864-4.7781324.29533508.8916328.166827-5.4288543.78217-4.7474738.28703605.84925.3724-5.7272354.63712-5.5103452.56802702.7609872.535924-5.0090664.21238-5.0665664.9494480-0.20897-0.19193-2.6678475.57044-2.7296377.3209290-2.9246-2.68622.128492.09132.128492.0913100-5.28748-4.8564710.59757107.267910.03009101.5239110-7.24173-6.6514213.96287114.628112.1184799.4865120-8.7738-8.058612.4308114.03869.5707387.80067130-9.90733-9.0997311.29727112.99757.42907974.30711140-10.694-9.8222910.51058112.27495.62552260.09228150-11.2016-10.288510.00301111.80874.06249945.40861160-11.5008-10.56339.703848111.53392.64695330.4235170-11.6526-10.70289.551981111.39441.30814315.25546180-11.6984-10.74488.4712110.316400190-11.6526-10.7028-1.94159100.75330.2659-13.7982200-11.5008-10.5633-15.450582.903644.214486-22.6139210-11.2016-10.2885-28.383560.8785511.52733-24.7245220-10.694-9.82229-38.419939.9463320.56329-21.3803230-9.90734-9.09973-44.154722.3844929.03614-14.72240-8.7738-8.0586-47.811510.2493136.81106-7.89115250-7.24173-6.65142-52.87475.58527845.89034-4.8475260-5.28748-4.85647-60.05623.09072856.84029-2.92523270-2.9246-2.6862-70.5326-0.628470.53260.628401280-0.20897-0.19193-78.7289-6.3275380.552516.4741032902.7609852.535923-86.656-15.177487.6506915.351593005.8491985.372399-89.3358-28.949185.9526827.852813108.891638.166825-86.2934-27.035375.4626223.6420632011.7097210.7552-83.4753-24.446962.6357518.3437633014.1261912.97469-81.0588-22.227448.138613.2002534015.981514.67876-79.2035-20.523332.573788.44057235017.1490715.75115-78.0359-19.450916.414594.0914436017.547616.1172-76.6024-18.048900气体力数据度数P1盖P0P4盖A1A14A4A000.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002830.1745330.538620.114.282840.0880.08750.003320.002830.3490660.3800760.110.685890.0880.08750.003320.002830.5235990.252280.17.377910.0880.08750.003320.002830.6981320.1704460.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002830.8726650.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.0471980.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.221730.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.3962630.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.5707960.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.7453290.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.9198620.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.0943950.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.2689280.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.4434610.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.6179940.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.7925270.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.967060.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002833.1415930.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002833.3161260.16440.17.1873570.0880.08750.003320.002833.4906580.168440.17.3601180.0880.08750.003320.002833.6651910.1755110.17.6620070.0880.08750.003320.002833.8397240.1861710.18.1160250.0880.08750.003320.002834.0142570.2013210.18.7589860.0880.08750.003320.002834.188790.2223580.19.6474110.0880.08750.003320.002834.3633230.2514410.110.867430.0880.08750.003320.002834.5378560.2919540.112.551440.0880.08750.003320.002834.7123890.3493240.114.906660.0880.08750.003320.002834.8869220.4325480.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.0614550.5570870.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.2359880.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.4105210.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.5850540.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.7595860.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.9341190.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002836.1086520.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002836.2831850.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.00283xFg盖1Fg轴1Fg1p1轴p4轴x轴0-107.63313.483-94.149500.156.570.30.002701-94.548314.80336-79.7449100.1650047.2131940.2972990.010686-68.733815.32294-53.4108200.1709087.4655610.2893140.023605-46.569216.23459-30.3346300.1812687.9073650.2763950.040902-36.726417.61382-19.1126400.1969418.5733720.2590980.061846-34.937419.58192-15.3555500.2193069.5188230.2381540.085579-34.937422.32597-12.6114600.25048810.827590.2144210.11117-34.937426.13235-8.80505700.29374312.62540.188830.137664-34.937431.44353-3.49387800.35409715.10110.1623360.164142-34.937438.95544.018003900.439459160.1358580.189758-34.937449.7874514.850051000.562551160.1102420.213776-34.937455.10720.16961100.623160.0862240.235579-34.937455.10720.16961200.623160.0644210.254682-34.937455.10720.16961300.623160.0453180.270715-34.937455.10720.16961400.623160.0292850.283412-34.937455.10720.16961500.623160.0165880.292593-34.937455.10720.16961600.623160.007