西安市导游考试英文导游词(必看)

HuashanMountain

MountHuashan,oneofthefivebest-knownsacredmountainsinChina,islocatedtothesouthofHuayinCounty,120kilometerseastofXi`an,withanaltitudeof2,200meters.Itisknownas'TheNumberOnePrecipitousMountainunderHeaven'.Themountainhasfivepeaks,whichlookslikefivepetalsofaflowerseenfromafar,henceitsnameMountHuashan(HuameansflowerinChinese).

TheNorthPeakiscalledtheCloudyTerracePeak.Ithasonlyonehillthatleadstothesouthwiththreesidesdisconnectedwithanywhere,anditisfairlysteep.

TheCentralPeakiscalledtheJadeLadyPeak.LegendhasitthatNongYu,thedaughterofKingMuofQinoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod,admiredXiaoShi,ahermit,somuchforthemusicheplayedonaverticalbambooflute,thatsheleftherfamilyandherroyallifeandflewherewithXiaoShionthebacksofadragonandaphoenixandlivedinseclusionsasahermithere.ItseemsthatahermitisafairlypopularcareerinancientChina!Today,peoplecanstillseetheJadeLady`sCave,theWashBasin,theDressingStoneandthePhoenixPavilion.Ithinkyoumayhavefoundthatthere’salwaysalegendoralegendaryfigureofeachmountaininChina.ThereisafamousbeliefinChineseliteraturethatamountainiswell-knownnotforitsawe-inspiringprecipices,butforthelegendaryfigurewholivesinit.

Theeastpeakisalsocalledthemorningsunpeak.Itisthebestplacefromwhichtoseethesunrise.Ittakesabout5hourstoclimbtothetopofEastPeak.Thepeakshootsdramaticallyupintothesky.Therefore,boththeascentandthedescentaredifficultanddangerous.Onthesideofonecliff,youcanseetheimpressionofahugehand,whichiswell-known“God’sHandPrintonMountHua’shan”.Itisthefirstamongtheeightscenicattractionsincentralsha’anxiplain.

TheSouthPeak,alsocalledWildGoose-restingPeak,isthehighestamongthefivepeaks.Itstandsatanelevationof2,200meters.

TheWestPeakiscalledLotusFlower.Itgotitsnamebecauseofahugelotusflower-shapedrockinfrontofCui’yunTempleatitstop.ItistheplacewherethelegendaryfigureChenXiang,sonofHolyMotherⅢ,splitthemountaintorescuehismother.ClosetotheCui’yunTempleliesahugerockwhichseemstohavesplitintotwohalveswithanaxe,henceitsname“RockSplitWithanAxe”.Notfaroffstandsalong-handledaxethatissaidtohavebeenusedbyChenXiang.

MountHua’shan’sPrecipices

MountHuashanisfamousforitsawe-inspiringprecipicesandbreath-takingcliffs.Alongthe20-kilometers-longroadaroundthefivepeaks,thereareanumberofplaceswithsheerprecipices:theThousand-footPrecipice,theHundred-footCrevice,Laojun’sFurrow,theHeaven-wardLadderandtheBlueDragonRidge.TheCliffsideRoadandtheSparrowHawk’sCliffareamongthemostdangerous.

TheBlueDragonRidge

TheBlueDragonRidgewindsupanddownirregularlywithitscentralpartprotrudingintotheairlooksratherlikethebackboneofacarp.Oneithersideoftheridge,cliffsfallintodeepvalleys.Lookingacrossintothedistance,youwillgetamistyviewofgreenpinesandfloatingclouds.Youwillhearthesoundofthewindroaringintoyouears.Whenclimbingoverthe“BlueDragonRidge”,regardedasthemust-passwaytotheotherfourpeaksfromNorthPeak,travelersarriveatGoldLockPass.Thenativesknowthatitiscustomarytobuyagoldenlock,andthenlockitintheironchainsonbothsidesoftheGoldLockPassforfamiliesandfriendstoprayfortheirsafetyandhealth.GoldLockPassisalsothethroattoMiddlePeak,EastPeak,SouthPeakandWestPeak.

YuquanGarden(JadeSpringGarden)

MountHua’shanboastsalotofplacesofinterests.TherestandBuddhistandTaoisttemples,pavilionsandbuildingsonthepeaksandvalleys.

YuquanGardenislocatedattheentranceofthevalleyonthehillsidenorthofMountHuashan.Insidethegarden,thereisacool,sweetspring;henceitsname“JadeSpringGarden”.ThespringissaidtocomefromanundergroundflowthatrunsfromtheJadeWellintheZhenyueTemple.

TheTempleofMountHuashan

Thetempleofmounthuashanliessevenkilometersnorthofmounthuashan.Inancienttimes,mounthuashanwasregardedasamountainofdivinity,andthetempleofmounthuashanservedasaplacefortheemperorsofdifferentdynastiestoholdsacrificialceremoniesforthegodofmounthuashan.ThetempleofMountHuaistheonlysacrificialtempleamongthetempleoftheFiveMountainsanditfacessouthandthehighestpeakofthemountain.In1988,thistemplewascategorizedasnationalmonument.

ForestofStoneTabletsMuseum

ThemuseumislocatedatthesiteoftheConfucianTempleinSanxueStreet.ThesitewasoriginallytheImperialAncestralTempleintheTangDynastyandlaterbecametheConfucianTempleintheSongDynasty.Inthe1950,itwasextendedintothemuseumasweseetoday.Themuseumcoversanareaof30,000ormore.

TheForestofStoneTabletswassetupin1087.Over3,000tabletsarepreservedhere.Thetabletsarerangedingreatnumbersliketreesinaforest,henceitsnametheForestofStoneTablets.FYI,it’sanationalmonumentnow.ThemuseumisnotonlyatreasurehouseofcalligraphyartofChina,butalsoacollectionoftheancientChineseclassicsandliterature.ItrecordedculturalachievementseverscoredinancientChinaandculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries.

Themuseumnowhas7exhibitionrooms,sixepitaphcorridors,andonetabletpavilion.However,duetothetimelimit,Iwillprimarilyfocusonthetabletpavilionandthefirstthreeexhibitionrooms.

Thetabletpavilion

InfrontofthefirstexhibitionroomisaTabletPavilionspeciallybuiltfortheStone-BaseclassicofFilialPiety.ThistabletisthelargestintheStoneForest,engravedin745ADinthehandwritingofLiLongji,the7themperoroftheTangDynasty.

Thefirstexhibitionroom

ThefirstexhibitionroomconsistsofKaiChengStoneClassics,carvedduringtheKaiChengPeriod(883AD)oftheTangDynasty.Atthattime,copyingwasmorecommonthanprinting.ThendoctrineofConfuciusandMenciuswastheideologicalbasisoffeudalsociety,andtheclassicswererequiredreadingsforintellectuals.Topreventcopyingerrors,thefeudalrulersemployedlotsofsculptorstocarve12classicsonthestonetablets.It’sreallyagreatproject.These12classicscontainaltogether650,252characters,andtheyarecalled“theHeaviestBooksintheworld”.IntheQingDynasty,anotherclassic“Mencius”wasengravedandtogetherwiththeformer12,theyarecalled“thirteenclassics”now.

Thesecondexhibitionroom

ThisroomhousesthemostfamousspecimensoftheTangcalligraphyandthegreathistoricaltabletsthatreflecttheculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandforeigncountries.

OneofthemistheNestorianTablet,whichtellshowtheJingreligionofDaQinEmpirewasintroducedtoChina.DaQinwasthenamethattheChinesecalledtheRomanEmpireinancienttimesandJingreligionwasonesectofChristianreligioncalledNestorianism.Theothertabletsintheroomaresamplesofcalligraphy.TheoneintheregularstylewaswrittenbyYanZhenqing,afamouscalligrapherintheTangDynasty,HecombinedthecharacteristicsoftheOfficialScriptthatwaspopularintheHanDynastyandtheSmallSealScriptthatwasusedintheQinDynastyandthencreatedanewstylethatlookedplump,smooth,powerful,vigorous,andalsohadarusticsimplicityandmajesticappearance.Eachofhischaracterswouldlooklikeastronglionsittingontheground.Hiscalligraphyhasbeenusedasspecimensforoverathousandyearstillthisday.

TheThirdExhibitionRoom

Inthisroom,thedevelopmentofChinesecalligraphyisondisplay.TheChinesecharactersweredevelopedfromtheinscriptions(carvedonanimalbonesandtortoiseshells).Atthattime,inscriptionswerejustpictographs.Aftersomehundredyears,thepictographiccharactersweredevelopedintothebigsealstyle.WhenthefirstemperorofQinunifiedChina,heorderedthePrimeMinisterLiSitosimplifythebigsealstyleintoaneasierform,knownasthesmallsealstyle.Onthebasisofthesmallsealstyle,theofficialscriptwascreatedbytheendoftheQinDynasty.

The4thexhibitionroomhousesbothcalligraphyandpaintings.TherestthreeexhibitionscontainthestonetabletscarvedduringtheSong,Yuan,MingandQingDynasties.Youcanvisitthemonebyonelateratfreetime.

Theexhibitionhallofstonecarvingart

Thisexhibitionhallwasbuiltin1963.Itcontainsmorethan70stonerepresentativeworksespeciallychosenfromthemasterpieceoftheHanandtheTangDynasties.Thesepiecesofartareclassifiedintotwogroups:mausoleumstonecarvingsandreligiousstonecarvings,arranginginachronologicalorder.ThereisonepieceofstoneartthatIwanttointroduce.

TheSixSteeds

EmperorTaizongoftheTangDynastyorderedtohavehissixwarhousescarvedandputinfronthistombinordertocommemoratethem.TheywerepaintedbyYanLiben,afamouspainteratthetime.

TheSixSteedshadadornedtheemperor’stomb,Zhaolingfor1,200years.

ShaanxiHistoryMuseum

TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumisamassivemodernmuseumuptothenationalstandardwithacollectionofmorethan113,000historicandculturalrelics.It’slocatedinthesouthernsuburbofXi’an,onekilometernorthwestoftheDaYanPagoda,coversanareaof70,000squaremeters.

ThismuseumisamagnificentarchitecturalcomplexintheTangDynastystyle.It’ssimple,unsophisticated,elegantandunique.ItcombinesthearchitecturalstyleoftheancientChinesepalacesandcourtyardbuildings.Soitlooksharmonious,imposingandgraceful.

TheexhibitionoftheancienthistoryofShaanxiisthemaincontentofthemuseum.Withcloseto3,000pickedexhibitsondisplaywhichrepresentthecreamofalltheculturalrelicsinShaanxi,theexhibitiondepictstheoveronemillionyearshistoryofShaanxithatrangesfromtheemergenceofLantianMan,1.15millionyearsago,totheeveoftheOpiumWarin1840.Theexhibitionisdividedinto7sections,withemphasisonrevealingtheprosperityoftheZhou,Qin,HanandTangDynasties,andonShaanxi’sstatusasanancientcapital.Shaanxiservedasthecountry’spolitical,economical,andculturalcenterforaratherlongtimeinChinesehistory.Itwasmadethecountry’scapitalbymoredynastiesandforalongerperiodoftimethananyplaceinChina.Inaway,theancienthistoryofShaanxiisahighlycondensedversionofChinesehistory.

Theprehistoricage,

ThefirstsectionoftheexhibitionoftheancienthistoryofShaanxi,coverstheprehistoricage,whichdatesback1.15millionyearsagotothe21stcenturyBC.

ThisrehabilitatedheadofanApe-man’swasreproducedonthebasisofthefossilremainsofanApe-man’sskulldiscoveredin1964atGongwanglinginLantianCounty.Itlived1.15millionyearsagoandwastheearliestknownHomoErectusinAsia.

TheWesternZhouDynasty

ThedevelopmentofChina’sbronzeculturereacheditspeakduringtheWesternZhouDynasty.ThenumberofbronzevesselsunearthedinShaanxisofarhasamountedtomorethan3,000,ofwhich2,000arenowcollectedintheShaanxihistoryMuseum.Ondisplayhereareexhibitedceremonialandmusicalinstruments,implementsforlivingandproductionandfightingweaponsaswell.

ThesearecalledChimebells,asortofChineseancientmusicalinstrument.Onthesechimebells,notonlyclassicaltunescanbeplayed,somemodernfolkcompositioncanbeenjoyedaswell.

Let’smovetotheQinPeriod.

ThisiscalledFu.Fuisatallyissuedbyanemperorforthedevelopmentandmovementofhistroops.Itwascastinsuchawaythatitcouldsplitintotwohalves,withonehalfinthehandsoftheemperor,andtheotherhalfinthehandsofageneral.TroopscouldbemovedordeployedonlywhenthetwohalvesoftheFuwereputtogether,formingacompletewhole,whichmeansonlywhenontheagreementofboththeemperorandgeneralcanatroopbemoved.

TheHanDynasty

TheHanDynastyisaveryimportanthistoricalstageinChina.TheHancityofChang’anwasthefirstinternationalmetropolisinChinesehistory.ComparedwiththeancientcityofRomeinthewest,Chang’anwastwiceatlarge.

Theseceramicdrainagepipesareveryclosetothoseofthepresentday.ThisindicatesthattherewasalreadyanadvancedsewersysteminChina.

Thisartisticallyexquisiteandvividshapedswan-goose-and-fishlampwasunearthedinShenmucounty,northernShaanxi.Whenthelampislit,itssmokewillmovethroughtheneckoftheswangooseintoitswater-filledbody.Thesmokedissolvesinwatertoensurepurificationofair.Thefourpartsofthelampcanbedismantledandassembledfreely,makingthecleaningofdustandsooteasy.Itisscientificallydesignedanduniquelyshaped,andcanbeusedforbothdecorationandpracticalpurposes.Inourmodernwordstoday,Itisanenvironmentalfriendlylamp.

ThedynastyofWei,Jin,SouthandNorth

ThedynastyofWei,Jin,SouthandNorthexistedfrom220ADto581AD.Duringthattimethereweregreatsocialupheavalsandinterestingofvariousnationalities.Culturalrelicsoftheseturbulentyearsfeaturestrongmilitaryinfluencesandregionalcharacteristics.

Thesearecaltrops.Nomatterhowyouhurlorarrangethem,theywillalwaysfalltothegroundonthreeoftheirstuds,withafourthonepointingupward.It’ssaidthatthiscaltropwasinventedbyZhuGeliang,theprimeministerandagreatstrategistoftheShustate.

TheTangDynasty

TheSilkRoadenabledtheTangDynastytobeevenmoreprosperous.TheSinooverseasexchangesreachedtheirpeak.Over300nationsandregionshadfriendlyrelationswiththeTangDynasty.ThisistherouteoftheSilkRoad.

TheNorthernSongDynasty

Thisisaninverted-flowceladonkettleproducedattheYaoZhoukilnsduringtheNorthernSongDynasty.Youcancomecloserandseeclearly.Thereisnolidatthetop.Theopeningisatthecenterofthevessel’sbottom.Thekettlehastobeturnedupsidedowntofillinwaterduringwhichtimewaterwillnotcomeoutofthesprout.Whenthekettleisfilledwithwater,itwillbeturneduprightduringwhichtimewaterwillnormallycomeoutofthesprout,andwillnotleakfromthebottom.Thekettleworksacleverapplicationofthephysicalprinciplethat“thewaterlevelincommunicatingvesselsalwaysremainslevel”.

Thisistheendofthismuseumtour.Thanksforyourattention!

HuaqingHotSprings

HuaqingHotSpringsislocatedatthefootofLishanHill,30kilometreseastofXi’an.Becauseofthenaturalhotspring,itbecameafamousscenicspotasfarbackastheWesternZhouDynasty,27centuriesago.IntheWesternZhouDynasty,KingYoudrovehisslavestotheLishanhilltoconstructtheLipalaceforhim,sothathecouldstayawayfromhiscapitaltoenjoyhimselfwithhisbelovedconcubine,BaoSi.Inhistory,constructionofbuildingswasundertakeninZhou,Qin,HanandTangDynasties,withthatintheTangdynastyasthemostflourishing.ThepalacebuiltthenwasnamedHuaqingpalace,hencethepresentname—HuaqingHotSprings.

HuaqingHotSpringsisbestknownforthefactthatConcubineYang,afavoriteofXuanzong’swasgiventheprivilegetotakebathinit.TodaywecanstillseetherelicsofthepalaceofeternalyouthwheremostoftheromancebetweenemperorXuanzongandconcubineYangtookplace.BaiJuyi,afamouspoetoftheTangDynasty,madeareferencetothispalaceandthetragedyoftheroyalcoupleinhispoem“TheSongofEternalSorrow”.Itwasadaptedintoamultimediaon-the-scenehistoricaldramanow.Soyouaregoingtohaveafantasticshowtoenjoytonight.

TheNineDragonPool

Ok.here,thepoolrightinfrontusiscalledtheNineDragonPool.WhytheNineDragonPool?Alegendhasitthatlonglongago,thecentralShaanxiPlainwasoncestrickenbyaseveredrought.SotheJadeEmperorordered9dragonscomedowntomakerainhere.Theninedragonsslackedoffattheirjobandthedroughtbecamemoreserious.Knowingthis,JadeEmperorburstintofuryandhadthemkeptundertheJadeCausewaytospouttheclearwaterallyearround.

Thewater,Imeanthehotsprings,“spoutedbythedragons”hasatemperatureof109℉andcontains9kindsofminerals,includinglime,sodiumcarbonate,sodiumsulphateandothers.What’sfor?Itisgoodforbathing,aswellasforcuringarthritisandsomeskindiseases.Don’tworrythatwemightrunoutofitoneday,becausethetotalvolumeofflowisupto100tonsperhour！

FrostFlyingHall

ThemagnificentbuildingoverthereasyoucanseeiscalledFrostFlyingHall.EmperorXuanzongandhisfavoriteconcubineYangusedtomaketheirhomehereinwintersinceitwasverycoldinthecapitalChang’an.Beautifulnamealwayshavebeautifulstories.Itwassaidthatthesteamfromthehotspringpoolsinfrontofthehallwentstraightupandturnedintofrostwhenitmetthecoldairfromthesky.Theforest,flyinginthewindoverhead,lookedverybeautiful;thereforethenameFrost-FlyingHallwascalled.

Xi’anIncident

Huaqinghotspringshasnotonlybeenafamousscenicspotsinceancienttimes,butisalsotheplacewherethewell-knownXi’anIncidentinmodernChinesehistorytookplace.ItwasonDec.12,1936,GenenralZhangXueliangandYangHuchengorderedasquadofbodyguardstosurroundtheHuaqingpalaceandfoughtafiercebattlethereagainstChiangKaishek’sbodyguards,aimingatforcingChiangKaishekagreedwiththeproposalofformingaunifiedfrontwiththecommunistparty.Hearingofthesoundoffiring,ChiangKaishekcreptouthiswindowwithhisnightgownandslippersonly.HewasfinallyfoundintheLishanhill,hidinghimselfbehindastoneinthecrevice.InordertoavoidacivilwarandtrytoestablishanationalunitedfrontfortheresistanceagainstJapan,theChineseCommunistPartystoodforapeacefulsettlementoftheincident,whichputanendtotheInternalWar(hadlastedfor10yearsyouknow)andacceleratedtheformationanddevelopmentofthenationalunitedfrontfortheanti-Japanesedrive.Moreover,itshowedthattheco-operativerelationshipbetweentheCommunistPartyandNationalistsarrivedatanewstage,andthushasbecomeanimportantturningpointinthemodernChinesehistory.

AsfortheLishanhill,therearethreemagnificentpeaksthathavetobereferredto—theHalloftheFirstMother,theHallofLaozi,andtheBeaconTower.It’ssaidthatinancientChina,becauseoflackingofcommunicationtools,beacontowerswerebuilttomakesignalsbyburningthewolf’sdroppingstoseekhelpfromothervassalstates.TheWesternZhouKingYouhadafavoriteconcubineBaoSiwhoneversmiled.Oneday,hetooktheadviceofoneofhisministersthattheBeaconTowerbelittomakejokeofothervassalstatestomakeBaoSihappy.Sureenoughthetrickworkedwell.Atthesightofthesignal,thesoldiersofothervassalstateshurriedherewithwheatandoutofbreath,butonlytofindthemselvesdeceived.BaoSiwasamusedatthissightandgaveacoldsmile.Laterthejokewasrepeatedseveraltimes.Butthedaycamewhenarealdangerthreatenedhim,andasyoucanimagine,noonecametohisrescue,believingingthesametrickwasplayedagaintoinvitehisconcubine’ssmile.Therefore,theZhouDynastywasdefeated.HencetheChinesefamoussaying“theregimewasendedwithasmileofthefatalbeauty”and“thesovereignrulersarefooledbythebeaconfire”.

TheMuseumofQinTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorses

TheMausoleumofQinShihuangislocatedatthefootofMountLishan,about35kilometreseastofXi’an.Asamatteroffact,morethan700,000conscriptswereinvolvedand37yearswastakentocompletetheproject.Wecanseeitlookslikeahill.Afteritwascompleted,alltheslaveswhobuilttheMausoleumwerenotallowedtobeoutjustinordertokeepitasecret.Itwassurroundedbyaninnerwallandanouterone.Itwasoriginally120mhigh,butbecauseofover2,200yearsoferosionbywindandrainsaswellashumandestruction,itwasreducedthepresentheight46m.Itispresumedthatinsidethetomb,thereweremercurylakes.Meanwhile,itispresumedthattheceilingofthetombwasdecoratedbypearlsandgemstosymbolizethecelestialbodies,includingtheSunandtheMoon.Theentireundergroundpalacewaspresumablybrightlylitbywhaleoillampsforever.However,whatremainundergroundremainsunknowntous.WiththedevelopmentofHigh-tech,wewillbeabletoseewhatarereallyinsideoftheMausoleumsomeday.

Regardless,YingZhengwasconsideredagreatemperorinChinesehistory.Hecametothroneattheageof13andannexedthe6rivalprincipalities.Heendedmorethan250yearsofrivalryamongtheindependentprincipalitiesduringtheWarringStatesPeriodandfoundedthefirstcentralized,united,multi-ethnicfeudalempireinChinesehistory.Afterheunifiedthewholecountry,hetookaseriesofreforms,likestandardizingthecoinage,weightsandmeasurements,thelegalcodes,theaxlelengthofcarts,andthewrittenscripts;Healsoorderedtoconstructaroadsystem.Allthesemeasuresplayedanimportantroleinstrengtheningtheunificationofthewholecountryandpromotingtheculturalandeconomicdevelopment.Theyexertedaneverlastinginfluenceuponthe2,000yearslongfeudalhistoryofChina.

TheMausoleumofQinShihuangwasfirstfoundin1974,whenseveralfarmersweresinkingawell.Thenafterarchaeologicalexcavation,threepitswerediscoveredrespectively.AsoneofthetoptenplacesofhistoricinterestsinChina,themuseumofQinTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorseswaslistedastheworldheritagebyUNESCOin1987andalsoconsideredas“the8thwonderoftheworld”andenjoysahighprestige.

Let’sstartfrompitone.It’s230meterslong,62meterswideandfivefeetdeep,coversanareaof14,260squaremeters.Theterra-cottawarriorsandhorsesinPitOnearearrayedinbattleformation.Inthelongcorridortotheeastendofthepitstandthreerowsofterra-cottawarriorsfacingeast,68ineachrole,totaling204.Armedwithbowsandarrows,theyconstitutethevanguard.Thereisonerowinthesouth,northandwestofthecorridorrespectively,facingoutward.Theyareprobablythefranksandtherearguard.

Thepitinfrontofusisregardedaspittwo.Haveyouseenthat?ItisL-shapedandconsistsoffourdifferentmixedmilitaryforcesinfourarrays.Thefour-arraysarecloselyconnectedtoconstituteacompletebattleformationandcanbedivideduptoactindependently,capableofattackinganddefendingandquickresponse.

Thispitthree,whencomparedwiththesetwo,ismuchsmaller,totalingabout520squaremeters.Onlyonechariot,fourterra-cottahorsesand68warriorswereunearthed.Besides,thearrangementofthefiguresisquitedifferentfromthatinPit1andPit2.Butneverlookdownuponthispit.Judgingfromthelayoutofpit3,thisismostlikelytobetheheadquartersdirectlythemightyundergroundarmy.

Thousandsofrealweaponswereunearthedfromthesepitsaswell.Theycanbeclassifiedinto4categories:long-shaftweapons,shortweapons,long-rangeweaponsandweaponsforguardsofhonor.Theywerealldelicatelymadeandenjoyedahighlevelofcastingtechnology.

InDecember1980,twoteamsoflargepaintedbronzechariotsandhorseswereunearthed.Therestoredbronzechariotsandhorsesareexactimitationsoftruechariot,horseanddriverinhalflife-size.Thechariotsandhorsesaredecoratedwithcoloreddrawingsagainstwhitebackground.Theexcavationofthebronzechariotsandhorsesprovidesextremelyvaluablematerialanddataforthetextualresearchofthemetallurgicaltechnique.

No.2bronzechariotandhorsesnowondisplaywerefoundbrokeninto1,555pieceswhenexcavated.Aftertwo-and-halfyears’carefulandpainstakingrestorationbyarchaeologistsandvariousspecialists,theywereformallyexhibitedinthemuseum.

Sincewe’vevisitedthethreepits,doyouknowhowourancestorsmakethem?First,theycarvedtheroughlymademodelsexquisitelyindetailaccordingtotheirpersonalstrataandcharacters.Then,moustacheandhairinvariousstylesweremade.ItispresumedthateachwarriorwasmadeaccordingtotherealvaliantQinarmysoldier.Aftertheterra-cottawarriorswerereadilymade.Theywereputintokilnstobebaked.Itisevenachallengingworkforpeopletodaytomakesuchadelicatewarrior,sohowcan’twebeproudofourancestorsandtheirwisdom?

Okeveryone!Somuchfortoday!Iwillleaveyou30minutesforvisiting.Youcanwalkaroundbyyourselfandmaybeencounterahandsome,strongwarriorsomewhere!

Enjoyyourself!

GreatMosqueatHuajueLane

Goodmorning,myfriends!WelcometotheGreatMosque,amagnificentplaceinhistory.I’myourtourguidetoday,MaryfromXISUTourismInstitute.

TheGreatMosquewhichislocatedatHuajueLaneisthemajorspotforthereligiousactivitiesofover60,000Moslems.ItisalsoanimportanthistoricmonumentinShaanxiProvince.Whenwegettothemosque,youwillfindthatthismosqueisverydifferentfromotherIslamicmosquesyouhavevisitedbefore.UnlikeArabicmosqueswhichhavesplendiddomes,minaretsreachingintotheclouds,theMosqueatHuajueLanelooksverymuchlikeaChinesetempleorgarden.NowletmefirstofallbriefyouonIslam.

TheIslam

Islamwasfoundedinearly7thcenturyADbytheArabProphet,Mohammed.Itistheworld’syoungestuniversalfaith,andthesecondlargest.EightwordsinArabicsumupthecentralbeliefoftheMoslems:“ThereisnoGodbutGod,andMuhammedisthemessengerofGod”.Fivetimesaday,thisShahada(confessionoffaith)isrecitedbythedevoteetheworldoverasmuezzinssummonthemtoworshipGod.ThewordIslammeanssubmissionandthetrueMoslemissupposedtosubmithiswholelifetothedivinewilloftheGod.AllMoslemsaccepttheKoranasGod’seternalword,butIslamtosomeextentisahousedivided.90percentofallMuslimsareSunnis.InIranandIraq,themajorityofMuslimsareShiites.

ThespreadofIslamtoChina

IslamreachedChinain651ADduringthereignofEmperorGaozongoftheTangDynasty.ThroughouttheTangandSongDynasties,theArabsmaintainedcontactwithChinaoverlandandbysea.OverlandtheyleftArabia,passedacrossPersiaandAfghanistanandfinallyreac