5月26日补充综合写作一套

thepoorbusinesspoor的会减少。educatethem,India,teachthemhowtofinance,howto可以给asmallofgroup,insteadofeachpersoncostinternational机构中获得贷款之后，governmentsavemoneybridgesandBackgroundTheword"microcredit"didnotexistbeforetheseventies.Nowithasbecomeabuzzword(流行语）amongthedevelopmentpractitioners.Intheprocess,thewordhasbeenimputedtomeaneverythingtoeverybody.Noonenowgetshockedifsomebodyusestheterm"microcredit"tomeanagriculturalcredit,orruralcredit,orcooperativecredit,orconsumercredit,creditfromthesavingsandloanassociations,orfromcreditunions,orfrommoneylenders.Source:In1976,twoyearsafteradevastatingfaminestruckBangladesh,YunusledagroupofstudentsonafieldvisitteethevillageofJobra.There,hediscoveredthatawomanwhomadebamboostoolswasbeingchargedusuriousinterestratesofasmuchas10percentaweektoobtainmaterialsforthestools.Becauseoftheinterestpayments,shebarelyekedoutaliving.Yunusloanedagroupofbasket-weaverstheequivalentof$27andfoundthattheyquicklyrepaidtheloan.Theexperiencegavehimtheideaofofferingsmallbusinessloanstopoorpeople,especiallytowomenlivinginruralvillages.In1983hefoundedGrameenBank.By2006theGrameenBankhad2,211branchesserving70,370villages,andhadmadeloansto6.5millionpeople.Thebankhasalsoinspiredthecreationofsimilarmicrocreditinstitutionsinmorethan100othercountries.Reading:MicrofinancingisnothewingthepooratIthasbeenclearforsomeyearsnowthatmicroborrowersusetheirloanproceeds(theamountofmoney)forbusinesspurposes.However,theydonothavesufficientexperienceaswellasrelatedfinancialknowledgedoingbusinessandmanagingtheirloansinthetrade.Inotherwords,eventhoughtheyhavethemoneyfromthebank,theycannotsucceedandwillinsteadbeindebt,whichmakestheirlifemoremiserable.Microloanmaysoundwellandgoodforboththebankandtheborrower;however,forthebank,itrequiresahugeamountofextramoney,timeandprofessionalstaffstocarryoutsuchbusiness.ThisisnoteffectiveatallWiththeprevalenceofmicrofinancingbusiness,governmentcancutdownontheassistanceofthepoorinthisregard.Tobeconcise,governmentwouldthinkthatitisnotthisresponsibilityoftakingcareofthepoorforthisfinancingpurpose.Listening:MicrofinancingisagreatwayfortheInexperiencedmicroborrowerscanbeeducatedtoincreasethesuccessfulrateindoingbusiness;thisisalsothesamecaseastoallotherpeoplelaunchingtheirownbusinessinthefirsttime.InacountrylikeIndia,therearestillaverylargesegmentofpoor,particularlyruralpoor,donothaveaccesstosavingsandcreditservicesfromtheformalfinancialinstitutions.Theseinadequatesituationsdisablethemfromborrowingmoneysuccessfullyfrombanks.Thus,theirsuccessforthefuturecanonlybeassistedbymicro-financeandnotbyanyotherstrategies.Itisindeedcostlyforthebackincarryingoutthismicrofinancingbusiness;however,therearealwayswaystocombatthedifficulty;forexample,banksdonotneedtorespondtoalltheindividuals,buttoasmallgroupofpeople,4or5peoplewhomicrocreditatthesametimesothatthebankcandecreasethefeerequired.Governmentcansavemoneywhenpeopletakeoutsuchmicroloansfrombanksinsteadoftakingalltheresponsibilitytothegovernmentitself.However,themoneygovernmentssaveinmicroloanscandosomuchforthecitizens,suchasusingthismoneytobuildinfrastructure，roads,bridges,orpowerlines.Peoplelivinginthislandarethosewhogainthebestbenefits.SampleInthelecture,thespeakermakesseveralpointsabouttheadvantagesofmicrocredit,awayusedtohelpthepoorforasuccessfulfuture;thismethodhoweverissupportedbythereadingThefirstpointisaboutifmicrocreditreallyhelpsthepoorinbusiness.Fromthereading,itsaysthatborrowerscanonlybenefitfromsuchloanswhentheyhavetheknowledgeoffinanceandbusinesssettingupexperience.However,thisisdifferentfromthelisteninginthatmanyfinancialagenciesprovidebasicfinancialeducationtocustomerswhentheyaskfortakingoutsuchloans,suchashowtobudgewisely,howtokeepcostsdownandtheforth.Moreover,fromthereadingpassage,microloansarenoteffectivebecausetheyarecostlytoprocess,addingupburdentothebank.However,theprofessorassertsthatmicrocreditbenefitsthepoor.Forinstance,banksdonotneedtorespondtotheentireindividualrequest.Inotherwords,fourorfivecustomerscantakeoutaloantogetherandsharetheadministrativecosts.Finally,theprofessorpointsoutthatmicrocreditcouldendurethegovernmenttobeinvestingthemoneysavedintootherfields.Forexample,governmentscanusethismoneytobuildinfrastructuresuchasroads,bridges,orpowerlines.Thosethingsareallhelpingthecitizens.However,thereadingsaysthatgovernmentcanpasstheresponsibi